工具：Android studio

软件方法及协议：socket、protobuf

实现原理：

通过本地建立一个socket，绑定服务器IP和port，然后connect，再开启另外线程定时心跳(注意这里的心跳不是自定义发送数据，而是采用socket本身的心跳功能sendUrgentData，否则有坑)，心跳失败则自动重连，另一方面，启动循环从缓存获取socket数据。

大致框架

推送实现流程图

实现代码：

public class QpushClient implements Runnable {

protected static volatile QpushClient mInstance;//volatile可保证可见性和有序性

protected Handler mHandler;

protected InetSocketAddress mAddress;

String mIMEI;

protected String TAG = "QpushClient";

//socket连接的超时时间

private final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 5 * 1000;

//巡检周期

private final int CHECK_PERIOD = 2 * 1000;

//连接尝试间隔时间

private final int CONNECT_PERIOD = 30 * 1000;

private final int HEARTBEART_PERIOD = 30 * 1000;

//若连接失败或响应失败，则尝试次数为9，若仍无效，则不再尝试

private final int CONNECT_TRY_TIMES = 9;

private final int SEND_MSG_TYPE_HEARTBEAT = 1; //心跳包

private final int SEND_MSG_TYPE_SOCKET_LOGIN = 2; //发送socket登录包

//连接尝试次数

private int mConnectCount;

Socket mClientSocket;

String mHost;

int mPort;

//设置是否去读取数据

boolean isStartRecieveMsg = false;

//开启心跳检测

boolean isKeepHeartBeat = false;

BufferedReader mReader;

ScheduledExecutorService executor;//定位定时器

HeartBeatTask mHeartBeatTask;

private QpushClient(Handler handler) {

mHandler = handler;

}

public static QpushClient getInstance(Handler handler) {

if (mInstance == null) {

synchronized(QpushClient.class){ //线程安全，所以加锁

if(mInstance == null){

mInstance = new QpushClient(handler);

}}

}

return mInstance;

}

public void init(String host, int port,String imei) {

mHost = host;

mPort = port;

mIMEI = imei;

new Thread(this).start();

isStartRecieveMsg = true;

isKeepHeartBeat = true;

}

@Override

public void run() {

mAddress = new InetSocketAddress(getIP(mHost), mPort);

//尝试连接，若未连接，则设置尝试次数

while (mConnectCount < CONNECT_TRY_TIMES) {

connect();

if (!mClientSocket.isConnected()) {

mConnectCount++;

sleep(CONNECT_PERIOD);

} else {

mConnectCount = 0;//连接上，则恢复置0

break;

}

}

if (mClientSocket.isConnected()) {

keepHeartBeat();

recvProtobufMsg();

// recvStringMsg();

}

}

private void connect() {

try {

if (mClientSocket == null) {

mClientSocket = new Socket();

}

mClientSocket.connect(mAddress, CONNECT_TIME_OUT);

Driver.HeartBeat heartbeat = Driver.HeartBeat.newBuilder().setImei(mIMEI).build();

Driver.ClientMessage socketLogin = Driver.ClientMessage.newBuilder().setType(1).setHeartBeat(heartbeat).build();

sendMsg(socketLogin,SEND_MSG_TYPE_SOCKET_LOGIN);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Log.e(TAG, "连接失败 mClientSocket.connect fail ,ip=" + mAddress.getHostName() + ";port=" + mAddress.getPort() + ";detail:" + e.getMessage());

}

}

/**

* 心跳维护

*/

private void keepHeartBeat() {

//设置心跳频率，启动心跳

if (isKeepHeartBeat) {

if (mHeartBeatTask == null) {

mHeartBeatTask = new HeartBeatTask();

}

try {

if (executor != null) {

executor.shutdownNow();

executor = null;

}

executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(

mHeartBeatTask,

1000, //initDelay

HEARTBEART_PERIOD, //period

TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

} catch (Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* @param message

* @param type 1=login；2=心跳；

*/

public void sendMsg(String message, int type) {

PrintWriter writer;

try {

writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(mClientSocket.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"), true);

writer.println(message);

Log.e(TAG, "sendMsg Socket.isClosed()=" + mClientSocket.isClosed() + ";connect=" + mClientSocket.isConnected());

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

switch (type) {

case SEND_MSG_TYPE_HEARTBEAT:

mHandler.obtainMessage(QpushService.PUSH_TYPE_PROTO_DATA, "发送心跳异常").sendToTarget();

break;

}

}

}

/**

* @param message

* @param type 1=login；2=心跳；

*/

public void sendMsg(Driver.ClientMessage message, int type) {

try {

message.writeTo(mClientSocket.getOutputStream());

Log.e(TAG, "sendMsg success");

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

if (type == SEND_MSG_TYPE_HEARTBEAT) {

//心跳失败

Log.e(TAG, "心跳失败");

if (mClientSocket.isClosed()) {

connect();

}

} else {

Log.e(TAG, "发送数据失败");

}

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* 不断的检测是否有服务器推送的数据过来

*/

public void recvStringMsg() {

while (mClientSocket != null && mClientSocket.isConnected() && !mClientSocket.isClosed()) {

try {

mReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(mClientSocket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));

String data = mReader.readLine();

Log.e(TAG, "recvStringMsg data=" + data);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

sleep(2000);

}

sleep(CHECK_PERIOD);

}

/**

* 不断的检测是否有服务器推送的数据过来

*/

public void recvProtobufMsg() {

while (isStartRecieveMsg) {

try {

byte[] resultByte = recvByteMsg(mClientSocket.getInputStream());

if (resultByte != null) {

Driver.ClientMessage retMsg = Driver.ClientMessage.parseFrom(resultByte);

mHandler.obtainMessage(QpushService.PUSH_TYPE_PROTO_DATA, retMsg).sendToTarget();

} else {

Log.e(TAG, "resultByte is null");

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

sleep(5 * 1000);

}

}

/**

* 接收server的信息

*

* @return

*/

public byte[] recvByteMsg(InputStream inpustream) {

try {

byte len[] = new byte[1024];

int count = inpustream.read(len);

byte[] temp = new byte[count];

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

temp[i] = len[i];

}

return temp;

} catch (Exception localException) {

localException.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

class HeartBeatTask implements Runnable {

@Override

public void run() {

//执行发送心跳

try {

mClientSocket.sendUrgentData(65);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

try {

Log.e(TAG, "socket心跳异常，尝试断开，重连");

mClientSocket.close();

mClientSocket = null;

//然后尝试重连

connect();

} catch (IOException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

}

Log.e(TAG, "发送心跳，Socket.isClosed()=" + mClientSocket.isClosed() + ";connect" + mClientSocket.isConnected());

}

}

/**

* 通过域名获取IP

*

* @param domain

* @return

*/

public String getIP(String domain) {

String IPAddress = "";

InetAddress ReturnStr1 = null;

try {

ReturnStr1 = java.net.InetAddress.getByName(domain);

IPAddress = ReturnStr1.getHostAddress();

} catch (UnknownHostException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Log.e(TAG, "获取IP失败" + e.getMessage());

}

return IPAddress;

// return "192.168.3.121";

}

private void sleep(long sleepTime) {

try {

Thread.sleep(sleepTime);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* 销毁socket

*/

public void onDestory() {

if (mClientSocket != null) {

try {

mClientSocket.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

mClientSocket = null;

}

}

/*

* Ready for use.

*/

public void close() {

try {

if (mClientSocket != null && !mClientSocket.isClosed())

mClientSocket.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

QpushService类:主要负责启动socket客户端及管理消息

public class QpushService extends Service {

//数据推送，不显示到通知栏

final static int PUSH_TYPE_DATA = 1;

final static int PUSH_TYPE_PROTO_DATA = 2;

Handler mHandler;

String TAG = "QpushService";

QpushClient mClient;

@Override

public void onCreate() {

Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");

initHandler();

super.onCreate();

}

/**

* 初始化handler，用于接收推送的消息

*/

private void initHandler() {

mHandler = new Handler() {

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

switch (msg.what) {

case PUSH_TYPE_DATA:

Log.e(TAG, "PUSH_TYPE_DATA");

String data = (String) msg.obj;

ToastUtil.showShort(QpushService.this.getApplicationContext(), data);

case PUSH_TYPE_PROTO_DATA:

Driver.ClientMessage clientMessage = (Driver.ClientMessage) msg.obj;

Log.e(TAG, "PUSH_TYPE_PROTO_DATA");

Intent intentCancelRighr = new Intent();

intentCancelRighr.setAction(PushReceiverAction.PUSH_ACTION);

intentCancelRighr.putExtra("data", clientMessage);

getApplicationContext().sendBroadcast(intentCancelRighr);

break;

}

}

};

}

@Nullable

@Override

public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

Log.e(TAG, "onBind");

return null;

}

@Override

public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {

mClient = QpushClient.getInstance(mHandler);

mClient.init(HttpUrls.SOCKET_HOST, HttpUrls.SOCKET_PORT, AppUtils.getPesudoUniqueID());

return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

}

@Override

public void onDestroy() {

Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");

super.onDestroy();

mClient.onDestory();

}

}

PushReceiver类：接收service消息的广播，运行的主进程，防止接收不到数据

public class PushReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

Context mContext;

String TAG = "PushReceiver";

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

mContext = context;

if (intent.getAction().equals(PushReceiverAction.PUSH_ACTION)) {

//推送的通知消息

Driver.ClientMessage clientMessage = (Driver.ClientMessage) intent.getSerializableExtra("data");

if (clientMessage != null) {

switch (clientMessage.getType()) {

case 1: //socket登录，不做处理

Log.e(TAG, "socket登录消息,sid=" + clientMessage.getHeartBeat().getSid());

MyApplication.sid = clientMessage.getHeartBeat().getSid();

// showNotification("socket","登录成功",1);

break;

case 2://通知告知被迫取消领取红包资格

Log.e(TAG, "取消抢红包资格,title=" + clientMessage.getLogOut().getTitle() + ";message=" + clientMessage.getLogOut().getContent());

ToastUtil.showShort(mContext, "被迫取消抢红包资格");

Intent intentCancelRighr = new Intent();

intentCancelRighr.setAction(PushReceiverAction.CANCEL_REDPACKET_RIGHT);

intentCancelRighr.putExtra("data", clientMessage);

context.sendBroadcast(intentCancelRighr);

MyApplication.mLoginStatus = 1;

showNotification(clientMessage.getLogOut().getTitle(), clientMessage.getLogOut().getContent(), 1);

break;

case 3: //领取红包/未领到红包消息

Intent intentGo = new Intent();

intentGo.setAction(clientMessage.getRedPacket().getResult() == 1 ? PushReceiverAction.GET_REDPACKET_ACTION : PushReceiverAction.DONT_GET_REDPACKET_ACTION);

intentGo.putExtra("data", clientMessage);

context.sendBroadcast(intentGo);

Log.e(TAG, "红包消息，content=" + clientMessage.getRedPacket().getContent());

showNotification(clientMessage.getRedPacket().getTitle(), clientMessage.getRedPacket().getContent(), 2);

break;

}

} else {

Log.e(TAG, "clientMessage is null");

}

}

}

/**

* 在状态栏显示通知

*/

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")

private void showNotification(String title, String content, int type) {

// 创建一个NotificationManager的引用

NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) mContext.getSystemService(android.content.Context

.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(mContext);

builder.setContentTitle(title)

.setContentText(content)

.setTicker(title)

// .setContentIntent(getDefalutIntent(Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL))//点击通知栏设置意图

.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())

.setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_HIGH)

// .setAutoCancel(true)

.setOngoing(false)//ture，设置他为一个正在进行的通知。他们通常是用来表示一个后台任务,用户积极参与(如播放音乐)或以某种方式正在等待,因此占用设备(如一个文件下载,同步操作,主动网络连接)

.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.logo);

Notification notification = builder.build();

Log.e(TAG, "isSoundOn:" + SharePreferUtils.isSoundOn(mContext));

if (SharePreferUtils.isSoundOn(mContext) && type == 2) { //type==红包消息

notification.sound = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + mContext.getPackageName() + "/" + R.raw.diaoluo_da);

}

Intent notificationIntent;

if (type == 2) {

//进入我的资产

notificationIntent = HomeActivity.toWitchFragmentOfHome(mContext, Constants.TOWITCHOFHOME_MYASSETS);

} else {

//进入主页流量球

notificationIntent = HomeActivity.toWitchFragmentOfHome(mContext, Constants.TOWITCHOFHOME_BALL);

}

Log.e(TAG, "type=" + type);

// 点击该通知后要跳转的Activity

PendingIntent contentItent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, notificationIntent, 0);

notification.contentIntent = contentItent;

notification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;

// 把Notification传递给NotificationManager

notificationManager.notify(type, notification);

}

}

Driver类：该类是通过proto编译出来的，代码量比较大，Driver.proto文件贴下来，Driver.java文件我附上下载链接，编译教程见：protobuf在Android推送中的使用方法(比json、xml都要好的数据结构)

Driver.proto文件：

syntax = "proto3";

//编译教程：http://www.jianshu.com/p/8036003cb849

message ClientMessage

{

int32 type = 1; //类型1=socket登录;2=取消抢红包资格;3=领取红包消息

HeartBeat heartBeat = 2; //socket登录

LogOut logOut = 3; //取消抢红包资格消息

RedPacket redPacket = 4; //领取&未抢到红包消息

}

message HeartBeat

{

string sid = 1; //服务ID

string imei = 2; //手机唯一编号imei

}

message LogOut

{

string sid = 1; //服务ID

int32 result = 2; //1成功，2失败

string title = 3; //消息标题

string content = 4; //消息内容

}

message RedPacket

{

string sid = 1; //服务ID

int32 result = 2; //1成功，2失败

int32 price = 3; //红包金额单位分

string title = 4; //消息标题

string content = 5; //消息内容

}