它既是 DispatcherServlet 的 (WebApplicationContext)默认策略,又是 ContextLoaderListener 创建 root WebApplicationContext(根容器,同时也是 DispatcherServlet 的 WebApplicationContext 的父容器)的默认策略。
继承体系
一、XmlWebApplicationContext实例化过程
spring的配置文件加载是以监听的方式加载的xml配置文件
spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar中的org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.java类,通过ContextLoader初始化和销毁Spring Web上下文的过程。
1、ContextLoader类中有一个静态代码块,这个静态代码块就是从配置中读取到“XmlWebApplicationContext”类
static {// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized// by application developers.try {//DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties",即加载的是contextLoader.properties的配置文件了ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);}catch (IOException ex) {throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());}}
"contextLoader.properties"文件就在ContextLoader.class的相同目录中,
contextLoader.properties:(配置中配置的就是XmlWebApplicationContext)
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
2、上面只是将配置读取到ContextLoader中,下面看看XmlWebApplicationContext怎么初始化的,ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext方法:
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.java
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {//检查是否已经创建了Application context,如果已经存在,抛异常退出if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " + "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!"); } Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class); servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started"); } long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that // it is available on ServletContext shutdown. if (this.context == null) { //调用createWebApplicationContext,创建XmlWebApplicationContext, this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } // 如果当前的应用上下文对象是 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { //强制类型转换 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; // 如果应用上下文没有生效 if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc 如果该上下文对象为nul if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. //加载父上下文 ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); // 设置父上下文 cwac.setParent(parent); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } } //将该上下文对象放入servlet上下文参数中
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context); //获取当前线程的类加载器 ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); // 如果ContextLoader的类加载器和当前线程的类加载器一样,则应用上下文对象赋值给currentContext if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) { currentContext = this.context; } //否则,就将ContextLoader的类加载器放入到Map中,Map的value是应用上下文对象 else if (ccl != null) { currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]"); } if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms"); } //最后返回应用上下文对象 return this.context; } catch (RuntimeException ex) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex); throw ex; } catch (Error err) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", err); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err); throw err; } }
在ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext方法中
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {//获取上下文类Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);//如果该上下文类没有实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口则抛出异常 if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");}// 返回该上下文类的实例,调用BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass),通过反射,调用XmlWebApplicationContext的无参构造函数实例化XmlWebApplicationContext对象return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);}
----------------------------BeanUtils.instantiateClass()-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这里插入BeanUtils.instantiateClass(),BeanUtils使用instantiateClass初始化对象注意:必须保证初始化类必须有public默认无参数构造器,注意初始化内部类时,内部类必须是静态的,否则报错!
public static <T> T instantiateClass(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException {Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");if (clazz.isInterface()) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");}try {return instantiateClass(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor());}catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);}}public static <T> T instantiateClass(Constructor<T> ctor, Object... args) throws BeanInstantiationException {Assert.notNull(ctor, "Constructor must not be null");try {ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor);return ctor.newInstance(args);}//... }@CallerSensitivepublic T newInstance(Object ... initargs)throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{if (!override) {if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers);}}if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatileif (ca == null) {ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();}@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);return inst;}
----------------------------BeanUtils.instantiateClass()-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ContextLoader.java中的determineContextClass()方法:
/*** 返回上下文类型*/protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {//从servlet上下文中获取初始化配置参数contextClass的值String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);// 如果contextClassName不为null则放回配置的Class对象if (contextClassName != null) {try {return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);}}else {// 如果没有配置则使用XmlWebApplicationContext,这个代码就是从contextLoad.properties配置中加载进来的,配置中的就是XmlWebApplicationContextcontextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());try {return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);}}}
在Spring web项目中XmlWebApplicationContext是如何创建的?
首先在web.xml中我们可以看到如下配置:
<context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.xml</param-value></context-param><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener>
ContextLoaderListener继承Spring的ContextLoader上下文加载器类,同时实现ServletContextListener接口(Servlet上下文监听器),监听Web服务器上下文的启动和停止事件,管理Web环境中Spring的启动和销毁过程,
首先我们看看这个监听器的源码。初始化的入口是contextInitialized方法,它只是简单地将初始化功能委托为了ContextLoader进行处理。
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.java
/*** Initialize the root web application context.初始化根WEB应用上下文*/@Overridepublic void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); //调用ContextLoader的initWebApplicationContext()}
通过对ContextLoaderListener的源码分析,我们看到ContextLoaderListener继承ContextLoader,所以ContextLoaderListener本身也是Spring的上下文加载器。
ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener接口,当Web应用在Web服务器中被被启动和停止时,Web服务器启动和停止事件会分别触发ContextLoaderListener的contextInitialized和contextDestroyed方法来初始化和销毁Spring上下文。我们通过上述对ContextLoaderListener的源码分析看到真正实现Spring上下文的初始化和销毁功能的是ContextLoader类,分析ContextLoader初始化和销毁Spring Web上下文的过程见上面。
ContextLoader的initWebApplicationContext()的源码见上面的分析。
在springmvc中,如何实例化XmlWebApplicationContext的?
1、springmvc加载配置文件
<servlet><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value></init-param></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet是通过这个servlet,加载配置文件
FrameworkServlet中有一个属性
public static final Class<?> DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = XmlWebApplicationContext.class;
接着看FrameworkServlet的initWebApplicationContext()方法:
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() { .....if (wac == null) {// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local onewac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);} }
方法中有一个FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(rootContext)方法
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {//这个方法就是创建XmlWebApplicationContext实例的ClassClass<?> contextClass = getContextClass();if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +"' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");}
//如果该上下文类没有实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口则抛出异常 if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");}
//调用BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass),通过反射,调用XmlWebApplicationContext的无参构造函数实例化XmlWebApplicationContext对象ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());wac.setParent(parent);wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);return wac; }
接口看getContextClass()方法:
Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();这个方法就是创建XmlWebApplicationContext实例的Class
public Class<?> getContextClass() {return this.contextClass;}
this.contextClass就是前面FrameworkServlet定义的全局变量。
至此,实例化XmlWebApplicationContext的步骤基本相同:
1、通过读取配置文件方式,读取到org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext的类型为“org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext”;
2、检查上下文类没有实现ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口则抛出异常;
3、调用BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass),通过反射,调用XmlWebApplicationContext的无参构造函数实例化XmlWebApplicationContext对象;
二、XmlWebApplicationContext源码
ContextLoader初始化Spring Web上下文的determineContextClass方法中,我们知道Spring首先通过Servlet上下文从web.xml文件中获取用户自定义配置的contextClass参数值,如果没有获取到,则默认使用Spring的XmlWebApplicationContext作为Spring Web应用的IoC容器,XmlWebApplicationContext是WebApplicationContext的实现类ConfigurableWebApplicationContext的子类
public class XmlWebApplicationContext extends AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext {//Web应用中Spring配置文件的默认位置和名称,如果没有特别指定,则Spring会根据//此位置定义Spring Bean定义资源public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION = "/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml";//Spring Bean定义资源默认前缀public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX = "/WEB-INF/";//Spring Bean定义资源默认后置public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX = ".xml";//在分析Spring IoC初始化过程中我们已经分析过,加载Spring Bean定义资源的方法,//通过Spring容器刷新的refresh()方法触发protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {//为Spring容器创建XML Bean定义读取器,加载Spring Bean定义资源XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);// resource loading environment. beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());//设置Bean定义读取器,因为XmlWebApplicationContext是DefaultResourceLoader的子类,所以使用默认资源加载器来定义Bean定义资源beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);//为Bean定义读取器设置SAX实体解析器beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));//在加载Bean定义之前,调用子类提供的一些用户自定义初始化Bean定义读取器的方法 initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);//使用Bean定义读取器加载Bean定义资源 loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);}//用户自定义初始化Bean定义读取器的方法protected void initBeanDefinitionReader(XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader) {}//加载Bean定义资源protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException {//获取定位的Bean定义资源路径String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();if (configLocations != null) {//遍历加载所有定义的Bean定义资源for (String configLocation : configLocations) {reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocation);}}}//获取默认Bean定义资源protected String[] getDefaultConfigLocations() {//获取web.xml中的命名空间,如命名空间不为null,则返回 “/WEB-INF/命名空间.xml”if (getNamespace() != null) {return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX + getNamespace() + DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX};}//如果命名空间为null,则返回"/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml"else {return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION};}} }
XmlWebApplicationContext将Web应用中配置的Spring Bean定义资源文件载入到Spring IoC容器中后,接下来的Spring IoC容器初始化和依赖注入的过程后面再分析。