国家职业标准职业编码查询

by Amir Ghafouri

通过阿米尔·加富里(Amir Ghafouri)

为什么我学会编码而不是从事金融职业 (Why I learned to code instead of pursuing a career in finance)

Last year I faced a major life and career decision: commit to pursuing a Chartered Financial Analyst designation or spend my time learning to code online at a website called freeCodeCamp. The CFA institute had been around for decades and its designation was sought by some of the world’s most successful business people. freeCodeCamp had been around for just a couple of years with a few token members who claimed they had landed jobs as junior software developers.

去年，我面临着一个重大的生活和职业决策：致力于追求特许金融分析师的称号，或者花时间在一个名为freeCodeCamp的网站上学习在线编码。 CFA研究所已经存在了几十年，并且一些世界上最成功的商人正在寻求其任命。 freeCodeCamp成立仅两年了，有一些代币会员声称他们找到了初级软件开发人员的工作。

I spent 4 years studying business at Western University, graduated with honors, and accumulated a mountain of student loan debt along the way. My GMAT score was in the 95th percentile if I ever wanted to pursue an MBA. Why would I give up on my field of academic study before I had even started my career?

我在西方大学学习了4年的业务，以优异的成绩毕业，并在此期间积累了大量的学生贷款债务。如果我想攻读MBA，我的GMAT成绩在第95个百分点。为什么在我开始事业之前就放弃学术研究？

After consulting with friends, family, and other professionals, the advice I received was unanimous. Learning to code online and becoming a software developer without a computer science degree or any background in engineering was crazy-person talk. I should hurry up and register for the CFA Level I exam.

与朋友，家人和其他专业人士进行咨询之后，我收到的建议是一致的。在没有计算机科学学位或任何工程背景的情况下，学习在线编码并成为软件开发人员简直是疯子。我应该赶快报名参加CFA I级考试。

软件对于价值创造正变得至关重要 (Software is becoming crucial to value creation)

I had read the famous Marc Andreessen essay Why Software Is Eating The World, and 5 years later his message seemed only more true.

我读过著名的马克·安德森(Marc Andreessen)的论文《为什么软件正在吞噬世界》，五年后，他的信息似乎更加真实。

America’s largest industrial company, General Electric, had just announced that it was moving its headquarters. It was setting up in Boston’s tech hub in an effort to transform itself into a top 10 software company by 2020. CEO Jeff Immelt had some groundbreaking beliefs. He was convinced that the data they could capture while using their machinery might become more valuable than the machinery itself. GE needed to think of its competitors as Amazon and IBM. Later that year, he would announce that all new hires would learn to code (but I didn’t know that at the time).

美国最大的工业公司通用电气刚刚宣布将搬迁总部。它成立于波士顿的技术中心，以努力在2020年之前成为十大软件公司。首席执行官Jeff Immelt有一些突破性的信念。他坚信，他们在使用机器时可以捕获的数据可能比机器本身更有价值。 GE需要将其竞争对手视为Amazon和IBM。那年下半年，他宣布所有新员工将学习编码 (但当时我还不知道)。

As the New York Times elaborated, “Employees companywide have been making pilgrimages to San Ramon for technology briefings, but also to soak in the culture. Their marching orders are to try to adapt the digital wizardry and hurry-up habits of Silicon Valley to G.E.’s world of industrial manufacturing.”

正如《纽约时报》所阐述的那样：“全公司的员工一直在朝圣拉蒙(San Ramon)进行朝圣，进行技术简报，同时也沉浸在这种文化中。他们的进军命令是试图使数字化的巫术和匆忙的习惯适应GE的工业制造世界。”

Deloitte had launched a blockchain lab and JP Morgan was building its own blockchain platform. At Goldman Sachs, the percentage of employees who had a background in some area of technology had increased from 5% to 25% in recent years. This didn’t even count the software developers who worked for the startups it was investing in at an increasingly rapid pace.

德勤已经启动了一个区块链实验室，而摩根大通正在构建自己的区块链平台。在高盛，拥有某些技术背景的员工比例近年来已从5％增加到25％。这甚至不包括为它所投资的新兴公司工作的软件开发人员的步伐越来越快。

The Economist stated that, “Not all that long ago, 600 people worked on a vast floor trading shares… Now, Goldman has 2 people who trade equities and another 200 software engineers who work on systems that, in effect, do the job on their own. Traditional investment-banking is ripe for change as well…Costly, redundant steps are being cut or, once again, automated.”

经济学家说， “不是很久以前，有600个人在大量的场内交易份额上工作…… 现在，高盛有2个人在进行股票交易，还有另外200位软件工程师在系统上工作，这些系统实际上是自己完成工作。 传统的投资银行业也已经为变革做好了准备…… 昂贵，多余的步骤被削减或再次实现自动化。”

Bloomberg had its own thoughts on the matter: “Why would Goldman let these outsiders in? It needs them. The great innovations of our time aren’t emerging out of a Henry Cobb glass tower overlooking the Hudson River. They’re coming out of companies such as Kensho. Goldman needs to learn from them — to understand how they work, how they think, and how they plan to dismantle just about every industry Goldman makes money in, including its own.”

彭博对此有自己的想法：“高盛为什么要让这些局外人进入？它需要它们。俯瞰哈德逊河的亨利·科布玻璃塔并不是我们这个时代的伟大创新。他们来自Kensho等公司。高盛需要向他们学习—了解他们的工作方式，思维方式以及打算如何拆除几乎所有高盛赚钱的行业，包括自己的行业。”

Software companies like Facebook and Google had rocketed to the top of the stock market in a very short amount of time, unseating incumbents which needed decades to get there.

像Facebook和Google这样的软件公司在很短的时间内就跃升到了股票市场的顶端，从而失去了需要数十年才能到达的老牌公司。

And it was hard to argue that those valuations were unjustified. The software these companies had built was enabling each of their employees to create so much more value.

很难说这些估值是不合理的。这些公司构建的软件使每个员工都可以创造更多的价值。

软件使世界变得更美好 (Software is making the world a better place)

I rely on software every single day to get around, organize my day, communicate with friends, stay in touch with relatives, and generally liberate me from having to do repetitive and cumbersome tasks. The internet had democratized access to information and knowledge, and I was using it to read and learn about anything I wanted.

我每天都依靠软件来四处走走，组织我的一天，与朋友交流，与亲戚保持联系，并且使我从执行重复繁琐的任务中解放出来。互联网使信息和知识的获取变得民主化，我正在使用它来阅读和了解我想要的任何东西。

But I knew that these benefits were nothing compared to what it was doing for other people and what it could do in the future. Chris Dixon wrote an article called Eleven Reasons to be Excited About the Future of Technology, which aggregated some of these potential breakthroughs. He discusses how self-driving cars could reduce accident-frequency rates by 80% (1.25 million people die from car-related injuries every year). He describes cancer-detection algorithms which could outperform human pathologists. He tells us about drones which could deliver medical supplies to remote villages.

但是我知道，与其他人所做的事情以及将来可以做的事情相比，这些好处无济于事。克里斯·迪克森(Chris Dixon)撰写了一篇名为《对技术的未来感到兴奋的十一个理由》的文章，汇总了其中一些潜在的突破。他讨论了自动驾驶汽车如何将事故频率降低80％ (每年有125万人死于与汽车相关的伤害)。他描述了可能优于人类病理学家的癌症检测算法。他向我们介绍了可以将医疗用品运送到偏远村庄的无人机。

“Right now, a Masai warrior on a mobile phone in the middle of Kenya has better mobile communications than the president did 25 years ago. If he’s on a smart phone using Google, he has access to more information than the U.S. president did just 15 years ago.” — Peter Diamandis

“目前，肯尼亚中部的移动电话上的马赛族战士比25年前的总统拥有更好的移动通信能力。如果他使用的是使用Google的智能手机，那么他将获得比15年前的美国总统更多的信息。” —彼得·迪亚曼迪斯(Peter Diamandis)

许多软件开发人员没有在传统大学学习编码 (Many software developers didn’t learn to code at a traditional university)

I read a lot about these people. Ex-Goldman Sachs investment banker Preethi Kasireddy wrote about leaving her job as a venture capitalist at Andreessen Horowitz to enroll in a coding bootcamp. She became a software developer at Coinbase shortly after. Ex-poker pro Haseeb Qureshi described how he came up through the App Academy coding bootcamp to become a software developer at Airbnb. Then I heard about a guy named Andrew Charlebois. He used freeCodeCamp to go from carpenter with zero tech experience to software developer at a global advertising agency in under 5 months.

我对这些人有很多了解。前高盛投资银行家Preethi Kasireddy写道，离开安德森·霍洛维茨(Andreessen Horowitz)的风险投资家职位，参加编码训练营。此后不久，她成为Coinbase的软件开发人员。前扑克职业玩家Haseeb Qureshi讲述了他如何通过App Academy编码训练营成为Airbnb的软件开发人员。然后我听说了一个叫安德鲁·沙勒波瓦的人。他使用freeCodeCamp在不到5个月的时间内从拥有零技术经验的木匠转变为一家全球广告代理商的软件开发人员。

I started looking at the job postings for software developers and noticed that many seemed impartial towards any particular bachelor’s degree. Some companies would explicitly leave out any mention of a degree in the requirements section, and instead expressed a preference for open-source portfolios.

我开始查看针对软件开发人员的职位发布，并发现许多职位似乎对任何特定的学士学位都是公正的。一些公司会在要求部分中明确提及学位，而对开放源代码组合表示偏爱。

I also started going to tech events where I met actual software developers and CTOs for the first time. Many — if not most — told me they had never studied computer science or engineering at a university.

我也开始参加技术活动，第一次见到了实际的软件开发人员和CTO。许多(即使不是大多数)告诉我，他们从未在大学学习过计算机科学或工程学。

All of this was confirmed when I found the results of Stack Overflow’s 2016 survey of over 50,000 software developers. More than half of the respondents did not have a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or a related discipline, and 13% claimed to be entirely self-taught.

所有这一切的时候，我发现了确认结果堆栈溢出的50000软件开发商2016年的调查。超过一半的受访者没有计算机科学或相关学科的学士学位，而13％的受访者声称是完全自学的。

我的决定 (My decision)

I continued applying to a wide range of more traditional jobs. I wanted to appease my father, but I was also worried that I would run out of savings before I could land a job as a software developer.

我继续申请各种更传统的工作。我想安抚父亲，但我也担心，在我找到软件开发人员之前，我的积蓄会用光。

Despite this, the path to take was clear: I believed that software was the future and wanted to learn how to help build some of it. Even if I didn’t become a professional, at least I’d finally be able to wrap my head around how all this magic was possible. I didn’t want to rely on something I had never even made an effort to understand. In fact, it felt irresponsible to do so.

尽管如此，走的路很明确：我相信软件是未来，并想学习如何帮助构建其中的一些。即使我没有成为专业人士，至少我最终还是可以将所有这些魔术变成可能。我不想依靠我从未努力理解的东西。实际上，这样做是不负责任的。

学习编码 (Learning to code)

I spent 8 months, 24/7, learning to code. I followed the freeCodeCamp curriculum and read books like Eloquent Javascript. I watched Udemy and Udacity videos, Googled StackOverflow answers, asked questions on the freeCodeCamp chat room. And I went to as many Node School workshops and Coffee’n’Code meet ups as I could.

我花了8个月的时间(24/7)学习编码。我遵循freeCodeCamp课程并阅读了Eloquent Javascript之类的书。我在freeCodeCamp聊天室中观看了Udemy和Udacity视频，Googled StackOverflow答案以及常见问题。我去了尽可能多的Node School研讨会和Coffee'n'Code聚会。

After 8 months I had put together a portfolio of simple client-side web applications. I had also started learning about server-side web applications and data persistence. I began applying for junior software developer positions. It was amazing how much interest I received despite being fully transparent about my lack of skill and experience.

8个月后，我整理了一组简单的客户端Web应用程序。我还开始学习服务器端Web应用程序和数据持久性。我开始申请初级软件开发人员职位。尽管对我缺乏技巧和经验完全透明，但我收到了多少兴趣，这真是令人惊讶。

Eventually, a startup called Shoelace brought me in for an interview. They asked me afterwards if I would be willing to do a two week paid trial. At the end of the two weeks, the CTO told me that they wanted to hire me. I was very junior, but they felt that I had the potential to learn quickly and grow into the role.

最终，一家名为Shoelace的初创公司将我带去接受采访。之后，他们问我是否愿意接受为期两周的付费试用。在两周结束时，CTO告诉我他们想雇用我。我当时还很初级，但是他们觉得我有潜力快速学习并逐渐成为这个角色。

今天 (Today)

I have been working full-time at Shoelace as a software developer for over a year. I’ve learned quickly since I work with other experienced developers whom I can ask for help. They introduced me to tools and patterns that would have taken me way longer to find out about on my own.

我作为软件开发人员在Shoelace从事全职工作超过一年。自从我与其他经验丰富的开发人员合作以来，我很快就学到了东西，他们可以寻求帮助。他们向我介绍了一些工具和模式，这些工具和模式将使我花费更多的时间自行查找。

Most importantly, working on an app that’s actually in production has exposed me to some of the more practical aspects of software development. I’ve learned about sprint planning, working with a product manager’s specification, version control, testing, code review, deployment, error logging and app monitoring. These were all things I had never really thought about while I was learning to code on my own.

最重要的是，在实际生产中的应用程序上工作使我接触了软件开发的一些更实际的方面。我已经了解了Sprint计划，如何使用产品经理的规范，版本控制，测试，代码审查，部署，错误日志记录和应用程序监视。这些都是我自己学习编码时从未真正想到的事情。

Earlier this year, I built a web app called Spotifest to help my friends and me create Spotify playlists based off of music festival lineups. Nothing feels better than building something and watching people use it to become faster or better at something they were doing manually before.

今年早些时候，我构建了一个名为Spotifest的网络应用，以帮助我和我的朋友们根据音乐节的阵容创建Spotify播放列表。没有什么比建造一件东西更好，并且看着人们使用它变得更快或更擅长于他们以前手动做的事情。

看着公司成长 (Watching the company grow)

When I started working at Shoelace, I was the 3rd full-time employee. Now we are hiring and will soon have 18 people. I’ve been able to witness a small team come up with new ideas everyday and then rapidly develop product to attract new users and raise venture capital.

当我开始在Shoelace工作时，我是第三位全职员工。现在我们正在招聘，并将很快有18人。我已经见证了一个小团队每天提出新想法，然后Swift开发产品以吸引新用户并筹集风险投资。

Earlier this year, we were accepted into the 500 Startups seed program. The founders of my company gave us all the opportunity to spend a month living in San Francisco and working out of the offices there. Experiencing the energy of Silicon Valley and the Bay Area for the first time was exhilarating!

今年早些时候，我们被纳入500 Startups种子计划。我公司的创始人给了我们所有的机会，让他们在旧金山生活一个月并在办公室工作。第一次体验硅谷和湾区的能量令人振奋！

I’m not sure that I’ll choose to make my living as a software developer forever, but I know that my ability to code will always be a significant asset. I think that every company is becoming a tech company. An increasing number of roles are going to require at least a basic understanding of software development in order to make strategic decisions and manage teams effectively.

我不确定是否会选择永远作为软件开发人员来谋生，但我知道我的编码能力将永远是一项重要资产。我认为每个公司都在成为科技公司。越来越多的角色将需要至少对软件开发有基本的了解，以便做出战略决策并有效地管理团队。

Life is great, and I’m so glad I made the effort do this. Fixing bugs can be stressful, and writing unit tests can be tedious. But overall, I really enjoy this new-found ability to bring my ideas to life with code.

生活很美好，我很高兴我为此付出了很多努力。修复错误可能会很麻烦，编写单元测试可能很乏味。但是总的来说，我真的很喜欢这种新发现的功能，可以通过代码将我的想法变为现实。

As Paul Graham said: “In 1970 a company president meant someone in their fifties, at least. If they had technologists working for them, they were treated like a racing stable: prized, but not powerful. But as technology has grown more important, the power of nerds has grown to reflect it. Now it’s not enough for a CEO to have someone smart they can ask about technical matters. Increasingly, they have to be that person themselves.”

正如保罗·格雷厄姆(Paul Graham) 所说：“在1970年，公司总裁至少意味着五十多岁的人。如果他们有技术专家为他们工作，他们将被视为赛车场：珍贵但不强大。但是，随着技术变得越来越重要，书呆子的力量也日益体现出来。现在，仅CEO拥有一个能问技术问题的聪明人还不够。他们越来越必须自己成为那个人。”

If you enjoyed this article, please give me some claps so more people see it.

如果您喜欢这篇文章，请给我一些鼓掌，以便更多的人看到。

And you can follow me on Twitter here. Thanks!

您可以在Twitter上关注我。谢谢！