scrapy常用工具备忘

scrapy常用的命令分为全局和项目两种命令，全局命令就是不需要依靠scrapy项目，可以在全局环境下运行，而项目命令需要在scrapy项目里才能运行。
一、全局命令
##使用scrapy -h可以看到常用的全局命令

[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy -h
Scrapy 1.5.0 - no active projectUsage:scrapy <command> [options] [args]Available commands:bench         Run quick benchmark testfetch         Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloadergenspider     Generate new spider using pre-defined templatesrunspider     Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project)settings      Get settings valuesshell         Interactive scraping consolestartproject  Create new projectversion       Print Scrapy versionview          Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy

在bench下面的都是全局命令，bench是特殊的，即使在Available 下面展示，但仍然属于项目命令。
1、fetch命令
##fetch主要用来显示爬虫爬取的过程。
scrapy fetch 网址

[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy fetch http://www.baidu.com
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.0 started (bot: scrapybot)
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.1.1.0, libxml2 2.9.1, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.4.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 17.9.0, Python 3.4.2 (default, Mar 15 2018, 10:26:10) - [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)], pyOpenSSL 17.5.0 (OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017), cryptography 2.1.4, Platform Linux-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.4.1708-Core
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {}
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage','scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole','scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats','scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware','scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware','scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware','scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware','scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware','scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.baidu.com> (referer: None)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 212,'downloader/request_count': 1,'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 1,'downloader/response_bytes': 1476,'downloader/response_count': 1,'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,'finish_reason': 'finished','finish_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 15, 2, 50, 2, 425038),'log_count/DEBUG': 2,'log_count/INFO': 7,'memusage/max': 44892160,'memusage/startup': 44892160,'response_received_count': 1,'scheduler/dequeued': 1,'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,'scheduler/enqueued': 1,'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,'start_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 15, 2, 50, 2, 241466)}
2018-03-15 10:50:02 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

##执行这条命令时我出现了一个错误
ImportError: No module named _sqlite3
##解决的办法是yum安装sqlite-devel，然后重新编译安装python

yum install -y sqlite-devel
cd /usr/local/src/Python-3.4.2
./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
ln -fs /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

##注意，如果在scrapy项目目录之外执行这条命令，会使用scrapy默认的爬虫来进行爬取，如果在scrapy项目目录内运行命令，则会调用该项目的爬虫来进行网页的爬取。
##可以通过scrapy fetch -h 来查看命令参数

[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy fetch -h
Usage
=====scrapy fetch [options] <url>Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader and print its content to stdout. You
may want to use --nolog to disable loggingOptions
=======
--help, -h              show this help message and exit
--spider=SPIDER         use this spider
--headers               print response HTTP headers instead of body
--no-redirect           do not handle HTTP 3xx status codes and print responseas-isGlobal Options
--------------
--logfile=FILE          log file. if omitted stderr will be used
--loglevel=LEVEL, -L LEVELlog level (default: DEBUG)
--nolog                 disable logging completely
--profile=FILE          write python cProfile stats to FILE
--pidfile=FILE          write process ID to FILE
--set=NAME=VALUE, -s NAME=VALUEset/override setting (may be repeated)
--pdb                   enable pdb on failure

通过headers可以获取网页的头部信息，通过logfile可以指定日志文件的存储，nolog可以控制不显示运行爬取的日志，spider可以控制用哪个爬虫，loglevel控制日志的等级。
##通过headers来获取网页的头部信息，nolog参数不显示爬取过程的日志。

[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy fetch --headers --nolog http://www.baidu.com
> User-Agent: Scrapy/1.5.0 (+https://scrapy.org)
> Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
> Accept-Language: en
> Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
>
< Content-Type: text/html
< Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:28 GMT
< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
< Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
< Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 03:15:23 GMT
< Pragma: no-cache
< Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/

通过使用fetch可以很方便显示出爬取网页的过程。
2、runspider命令
scrapy使用runspider命令，可以实现不用scrapy项目直接运行一个爬虫文件。

3、setting命令
setting可以查看scrapy对应的配置信息，如果在scrapy项目目录内使用就是查看项目的配置信息，如果在全局使用，那么就是查看默认配置信息。
##可以通过--get BOT_NAME来查看对应的scrapy信息，通过再项目目录执行以及在全局运行。

[root@aliyun test_scrapy]# cd /python/test_scrapy/myfirstpjt/
[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy settings --get BOT_NAME
myfirstpjt
[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# cd
[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy settings --get BOT_NAME
scrapybot

4、shell命令
shell可以启动scrapy的交互终端（scrapy shell），常常在开发以及测试时候使用。
##在全局下执行

5、startproject命令
用于创建scrapy项目。scrapy startproject projectname
6、version命令
version命令可以显示scrapy的版本

[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy version
Scrapy 1.5.0
##其他相关版本信息
[root@aliyun ~]# scrapy version -v
Scrapy       : 1.5.0
lxml         : 4.1.1.0
libxml2      : 2.9.1
cssselect    : 1.0.3
parsel       : 1.4.0
w3lib        : 1.19.0
Twisted      : 17.9.0
Python       : 3.4.2 (default, Mar 15 2018, 10:26:10) - [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)]
pyOpenSSL    : 17.5.0 (OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017)
cryptography : 2.1.4
Platform     : Linux-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.4.1708-Core

7、view命令
view可以下载网页，并且直接用浏览器查看
scrapy view url

二、项目命令
##项目命令要在项目的目录下运行
1、bench命令
bench能测试本地硬件的性能

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy bench
……
2018-03-16 14:56:22 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 255 pages (at 1500 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-03-16 14:56:23 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 279 pages (at 1440 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-03-16 14:56:24 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 303 pages (at 1440 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
……
##从返回中看到每分钟大概能爬取1440个页面

2、genspider命令
genspider可以用来创建scrapy爬虫文件，这是一种快速创建爬虫文件的方式。
##查看当前可以使用的爬虫模板

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy genspider -l
Available templates:basiccrawlcsvfeedxmlfeed

##基于其中一个模板创建一个爬虫文件，scrapy genspider -t 模板新爬虫名新爬虫爬取的域名

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy genspider -t basic test www.baidu.com
Created spider 'test' using template 'basic' in module:myfirstpjt.spiders.test

##在项目目录内，能看到创建的test.py文件，里面已经写好了域名。

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# cd myfirstpjt/
[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# ls
__init__.py  items.py  middlewares.py  pipelines.py  __pycache__  settings.py  spiders
[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# cd spiders/
[root@aliyun spiders]# ls
__init__.py  __pycache__  test.py
[root@aliyun spiders]# cat test.py 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapyclass TestSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'test'allowed_domains = ['www.baidu.com']start_urls = ['http://www.baidu.com/']def parse(self, response):pass

3、check命令
check命令可以对爬虫文件进行一种交互式的检查。
scrapy check 爬虫名

##检查爬虫文件检查通过
[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy check test----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 0 contracts in 0.000sOK

4、crawl命令
crawl命令可以启动某个爬虫。
scrapy crawl 爬虫名

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy crawl test --loglevel=INFO
2018-03-16 18:35:39 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.0 started (bot: myfirstpjt)
2018-03-16 18:35:39 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.1.1.0, libxml2 2.9.1, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.4.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 17.9.0, Python 3.4.2 (default, Mar 15 2018, 10:26:10) - [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)], pyOpenSSL 17.5.0 (OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017), cryptography 2.1.4, Platform Linux-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.4.1708-Core
2018-03-16 18:35:39 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'LOG_LEVEL': 'INFO', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['myfirstpjt.spiders'], 'BOT_NAME': 'myfirstpjt', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'myfirstpjt.spiders'}
……'start_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 16, 10, 35, 39, 671815)}
2018-03-16 18:35:39 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

5、list命令
list命令可以列出当前使用的爬虫文件。

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy list
test

6、edit命令
edit命令可以直接编辑某个爬虫文件，在linux中使用比较好。

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy edit test

7、parse命令
parse命令可以实现获取指定的URL网址，并使用对应的爬虫文件进行处理和分析。

[root@aliyun myfirstpjt]# scrapy parse http://www.baidu.com --nolog>>> STATUS DEPTH LEVEL 0 <<<
# Scraped Items  ------------------------------------------------------------
[]
# Requests  -----------------------------------------------------------------
[]

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/lsfandlinux/2087747