Python之路【第八篇】:堡垒机实例以及数据库操作
堡垒机前戏
开发堡垒机之前,先来学习Python的paramiko模块,该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | import paramiko # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = 'c1.salt.com' , port = 22 , username = 'wupeiqi' , password = '123' ) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' ) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
import paramikotransport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') print stdout.read()transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa' ) # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = 'c1.salt.com' , port = 22 , username = 'wupeiqi' , key = private_key) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' ) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() # 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
import paramikoprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')transport.close()
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(( 'hostname' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'wupeiqi' ,password = '123' ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' ) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' ) transport.close() |
基于公钥密钥上传下载
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa' ) transport = paramiko.Transport(( 'hostname' , 22 )) transport.connect(username = 'wupeiqi' , pkey = private_key ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' ) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' ) transport.close() |
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuidclass Haproxy(object):def __init__(self):self.host = '172.16.103.191'self.port = 22self.username = 'wupeiqi'self.pwd = '123'self.__k = Nonedef create_file(self):file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())with open(file_name,'w') as f:f.write('sb')return file_namedef run(self):self.connect()self.upload()self.rename()self.close()def connect(self):transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)self.__transport = transportdef close(self):self.__transport.close()def upload(self):# 连接,上传file_name = self.create_file()sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.pysftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')def rename(self):ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh._transport = self.__transport# 执行命令stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')# 获取命令结果result = stdout.read()ha = Haproxy() ha.run()
堡垒机的实现
实现思路:
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一,实现用户登陆
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | import getpass user = raw_input ( 'username:' ) pwd = getpass.getpass( 'password' ) if user = = 'alex' and pwd = = '123' : print '登陆成功' else : print '登陆失败' |
步骤二,根据用户获取相关服务器列表
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | dic = { 'alex' : [ '172.16.103.189' , 'c10.puppet.com' , 'c11.puppet.com' , ], 'eric' : [ 'c100.puppet.com' , ] } host_list = dic[ 'alex' ] print 'please select:' for index, item in enumerate (host_list, 1 ): print index, item inp = raw_input ( 'your select (No):' ) inp = int (inp) hostname = host_list[inp - 1 ] port = 22 |
步骤三,根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,)) tran.start_client() default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[ 'HOME' ], '.ssh' , 'id_rsa' ) key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path) tran.auth_publickey( 'wupeiqi' , key) # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() ######### # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 # 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器 # 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回 # 用户终端显示内容 ######### chan.close() tran.close() |
while True:# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据# sys.stdin 处理用户输入# chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)if chan in readable:try:x = chan.recv(1024)if len(x) == 0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)sys.stdout.flush()except socket.timeout:passif sys.stdin in readable:inp = sys.stdin.readline()chan.sendall(inp)
# 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) try:# 为tty设置新属性# 默认当前tty设备属性:# 输入一行回车,执行# CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。# 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())chan.settimeout(0.0)while True:# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket)# 阻塞,直到句柄可读r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)if chan in r:try:x = chan.recv(1024)if len(x) == 0:print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',breaksys.stdout.write(x)sys.stdout.flush()except socket.timeout:passif sys.stdin in r:x = sys.stdin.read(1)if len(x) == 0:breakchan.send(x)finally:# 重新设置终端属性termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):import threadingsys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")def writeall(sock):while True:data = sock.recv(256)if not data:sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')sys.stdout.flush()breaksys.stdout.write(data)sys.stdout.flush()writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))writer.start()try:while True:d = sys.stdin.read(1)if not d:breakchan.send(d)except EOFError:# user hit ^Z or F6pass
注:密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见:paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
1 2 3 4 5 | linux: yum install MySQL - python window: http: / / files.cnblogs.com / files / wupeiqi / py - mysql - win. zip |
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
1 2 3 | show databases; use [databasename]; create database [name]; |
2、数据表操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | show tables; create table students ( id int not null auto_increment primary key, name char( 8 ) not null, sex char( 4 ) not null, age tinyint unsigned not null, tel char( 13 ) null default "-" ); |
CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、数据操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values( 'alex' , 'man' , 18 , '151515151' ) delete from students where id = 2 ; update students set name = 'sb' where id = 1 ; select * from students |
4、其他
1 2 3 | 主键 外键 左右连接 |
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute( 'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)' ,( 'alex' , 'usa' )) # reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'}) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount |
import MySQLdbconn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')cur = conn.cursor()li =[('alex','usa'),('sb','usa'), ] reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close()print reCount
注意:cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute( 'delete from UserInfo' ) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount |
三、修改数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute( 'update UserInfo set Name = %s' ,( 'alin' ,)) conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount |
四、查数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 | # ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute( 'select * from UserInfo' ) print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll( - 1 ,mode = 'relative' ) print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll( 0 ,mode = 'absolute' ) print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount # ############################## fetchall ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute( 'select Name,Address from UserInfo' ) nRet = cur.fetchall() cur.close() conn.close() print reCount print nRet for i in nRet: print i[ 0 ],i[ 1 ] |