装饰器设计模式的应用

嗨，您好！

今天，我将展示装饰设计模式的实际应用。装饰器设计模式是一种广泛使用的设计模式，同时在运行期间处理图形，树木和动态更改。

如果您正在寻找或尝试进行递归，这也是一个不错的选择。我喜欢它。在这篇文章中，我们将实现学生装饰。我们将用学位和医生的头衔装饰它。看看它如何在现实世界中工作的一个很好的例子。

首先，让我们看一下它最简单的版本的UML图。之后，我们将以此类推为例。

最简单的UML

请密切注意，因为一旦您了解了所有内容，一切将变得清晰易懂。这就是我将最简单的模型放在第一位的原因。

装饰工

了解细节

装饰性是通用接口Decorable的每个具体实现。装饰器将是抽象类Decorator的每个实现。定义装饰者的合同，将一个实例包含到可装饰对象中。让我们深入研究一些代码来修复它：

// 1. COMMON INTERFACE FOR DECORABLES
public interface Decorable {public String getDescription();
}
// 2. THE ABSTRACT DECORADOR WHICH HOLDS A REFERENCE TO DECORABLES
public abstract class Decorator implements Decorable {protected Decorable component;public Decorator(Decorable component){super();this.component=component;}
}

类比我们的学生的例子

让我们首先从UML图开始：

装饰员（1）

普通可装饰女孩

从类比开始。界面Girl是可装饰的。 GirlDecorator用下面的具体装饰器定义抽象装饰器的合同。

// 1. COMMON INTERFACE FOR DECORABLES
public interface Girl {public String getDescription();
}
// 2. THE ABSTRACT DECORADOR WHICH HOLDS A REFERENCE TO DECORABLES 
public abstract class GirlDecorator implements Girl {protected Girl girl;public GirlDecorator(Girl girl){super();this.girl=girl;}
}
// 3. DEFINING CONCRETE DECORATORS
public class Science extends GirlDecorator {public Science(Girl girl) {super(girl);}@Overridepublic String getDescription() {// DECORATES WITH A SCIENCE'S DEGREEreturn girl.getDescription() + "+Like Science";}public void caltulateStuff() {// ADDS NEW FEATURES (METHOD) TO ITSystem.out.println("scientific calculation!");}
}
public class Art extends GirlDecorator {public Art(Girl girl) {super(girl);}@Override public String getDescription() {return girl.getDescription() + "+Like Art";}public void draw() {System.out.println("draw pictures!");}
}
public class Doctor extends GirlDecorator {public Doctor(Girl girl) {super(girl);}@Override public String getDescription() {return girl.getDescription() + "+Like Doctor";}public void calculateStuff() {System.out.println("doctor calculation!");}public void doctorTitle() {System.out.println("doctor title");}
}

装饰物

AmericanGirl和EuropeanGirl是将在运行时以学位和医生名义装饰的装饰，以增强其课程和能力。

// 4. AN AMERICAN GIRL WILL BE DEFINED AS A DECORABLE
public class AmericanGirl implements Girl {private String description="";// NORMAL AMERICAN GIRLpublic AmericanGirl(){super();description = "+American";}@Override public String getDescription() {return description;}
}
public class EuropeanGirl implements Girl {private String description="";public EuropeanGirl() {super();description = "+European";}@Override public String getDescription() {return description;}
}

测试它

现在让我们在实践中看看它的外观。我们如何在运行时装饰和增强其功能：

public class Client {public static void main(String[] args) {// COMMOM GIRLGirl girl;// CREATING NORMAL AMERICAN GIRLgirl = new AmericanGirl();System.out.println(girl.getDescription());// DECORANTING AMERICANA GIRL WITH SCIENCE'S DEGREEgirl = new Science(girl);System.out.println(girl.getDescription());// DECORANTING AMERICANA GIRL WITH ART'S DEGREEgirl = new Art(girl);System.out.println(girl.getDescription());// EUROPEAN GIRL HAS ALREADY ALL DEGREES   Girl europeia = new Science(new Art(new EuropeanGirl()));System.out.println(europeia.getDescription());// DOCTOR HAS NEW FUNCTIONS    girl = new Doctor(girl);System.out.println(girl.getDescription());// BECAUSE DOCTOR EXTENDS FROM COMMON GIRL, IT CAN DO A DOWNCAST((Doctor)girl).doctorTitle();((Doctor)girl).calculateStuff();// PAY ATTENTION THAT WE USE THE SAME INSTANCE, BUT THEY BEHAVIOR DIFFERENT// AT DIFFERENT TIME SLOTS. THE CLIENT HAS THE IMPRESSION THAT WE HAVE// CHANGED THE IMPLEMENTATION, BUT IN FACT NOT.}
}

就这样！希望你喜欢！