使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 创建多步骤表单
为了处理又长又复杂的表单，我们需要将它们分成多个步骤。通过一次只在屏幕上显示一些输入，表单会感觉更容易理解，并防止用户感到被大量的表单字段淹没。
在本文中，我将逐步指导如何实现多步骤表单。当我们继续填写表单步骤时，步进器将显示在表单上方，代表进度条。每个表单步骤将包含名为 prev和next的按钮。这些按钮将使我们能够在步骤之间导航。
只需 3 个简单步骤即可构建多步骤表单：
- 使用
HTML创建表单和步骤元素的布局。 - 使用
JavaScript使多步骤表单发挥作用。 - 使用
CSS设计表单和步骤元素。
使用 HTML 创建表单和步骤元素的布局
在实现表单步骤的导航器之前，让我们先设置一个基本的 HTML 表单。它将包括一个表单步进器，它将充当进度条。它将包含多个代表步骤编号的项目。这些项目将显示为圆圈，其中包含步骤编号。未完成的步骤的圆圈背景颜色将为灰色。活动步骤的圆圈背景颜色为紫色。并且，已完成的步骤的圆圈背景颜色将为绿色。在表单步进器之后，我们需要创建一个具有多个部分的表单。这些部分将适用于所有步骤，并将包含每个表单步骤的表单字段。每个步骤将包含一个上一个和下一个按钮，这将有助于在步骤之间导航。但是，最后一步将显示“保存”按钮，
将以下代码片段添加到要实现多步骤表单的部分:
<div><div id="multi-step-form-container"><!-- Form Steps / Progress Bar --><ul class="form-stepper form-stepper-horizontal text-center mx-auto pl-0"><!-- Step 1 --><li class="form-stepper-active text-center form-stepper-list" step="1"><a class="mx-2"><span class="form-stepper-circle"><span>1</span></span><div class="label">Account Basic Details</div></a></li><!-- Step 2 --><li class="form-stepper-unfinished text-center form-stepper-list" step="2"><a class="mx-2"><span class="form-stepper-circle text-muted"><span>2</span></span><div class="label text-muted">Social Profiles</div></a></li><!-- Step 3 --><li class="form-stepper-unfinished text-center form-stepper-list" step="3"><a class="mx-2"><span class="form-stepper-circle text-muted"><span>3</span></span><div class="label text-muted">Personal Details</div></a></li></ul><!-- Step Wise Form Content --><form id="userAccountSetupForm" name="userAccountSetupForm" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="POST"><!-- Step 1 Content --><section id="step-1" class="form-step"><h2 class="font-normal">Account Basic Details</h2><!-- Step 1 input fields --><div class="mt-3">Step 1 input fields goes here..</div><div class="mt-3"><button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="2">Next</button></div></section><!-- Step 2 Content, default hidden on page load. --><section id="step-2" class="form-step d-none"><h2 class="font-normal">Social Profiles</h2><!-- Step 2 input fields --><div class="mt-3">Step 2 input fields goes here..</div><div class="mt-3"><button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="1">Prev</button><button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="3">Next</button></div></section><!-- Step 3 Content, default hidden on page load. --><section id="step-3" class="form-step d-none"><h2 class="font-normal">Personal Details</h2><!-- Step 3 input fields --><div class="mt-3">Step 3 input fields goes here..</div><div class="mt-3"><button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="2">Prev</button><button class="button submit-btn" type="submit">Save</button></div></section></form></div>
</div>
使用 JavaScript 使多步骤表单发挥作用
现在，我们需要实现在表单步骤之间导航的逻辑。创建一个名为 navigateToFormStep 的箭头函数，它将接受一个名为 stepNumber 的参数。该函数将接收您想要访问的步骤的值。它将把前面的步骤标记为已完成，当前步骤标记为活动，其余步骤标记为未完成。它适用于上一个和下一个按钮，因为我们只需要传递可见并标记为活动的步骤号。接下来，我们需要选择所有上一个和下一个按钮，并为每个按钮添加一个单击事件侦听器。单击任何这些按钮时，将触发一个匿名函数，该函数将获取目标步骤的值，并调用navigateToFormStep函数来执行导航过程。
const navigateToFormStep = (stepNumber) => {document.querySelectorAll(".form-step").forEach((formStepElement) => {formStepElement.classList.add("d-none");});document.querySelectorAll(".form-stepper-list").forEach((formStepHeader) => {formStepHeader.classList.add("form-stepper-unfinished");formStepHeader.classList.remove("form-stepper-active", "form-stepper-completed");});document.querySelector("#step-" + stepNumber).classList.remove("d-none");const formStepCircle = document.querySelector('li[step="' + stepNumber + '"]');
e.classList.remove("form-stepper-unfinished", "form-stepper-completed");formStepCircle.classList.add("form-stepper-active");for (let index = 0; index < stepNumber; index++) {const formStepCircle = document.querySelector('li[step="' + index + '"]');if (formStepCircle) {formStepCircle.classList.remove("form-stepper-unfinished", "form-stepper-active");formStepCircle.classList.add("form-stepper-completed");}}
};
document.querySelectorAll(".btn-navigate-form-step").forEach((formNavigationBtn) => {formNavigationBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {const stepNumber = parseInt(formNavigationBtn.getAttribute("step_number"));navigateToFormStep(stepNumber);});
});
使用 CSS 设计表单和步骤元素
由于我们已经完成了多步骤表单的实现，因此我们需要添加一些 CSS 片段来设计 HTML 内容的布局。
h1 {text-align: center;
}
h2 {margin: 0;
}
#multi-step-form-container {margin-top: 5rem;
}
.text-center {text-align: center;
}
.mx-auto {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;
}
.pl-0 {padding-left: 0;
}
.button {padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;border: 1px solid #4361ee;background-color: #4361ee;color: #fff;border-radius: 5px;cursor: pointer;
}
.submit-btn {border: 1px solid #0e9594;background-color: #0e9594;
}
.mt-3 {margin-top: 2rem;
}
.d-none {display: none;
}
.form-step {border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);border-radius: 20px;padding: 3rem;
}
.font-normal {font-weight: normal;
}
ul.form-stepper {counter-reset: section;margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
ul.form-stepper .form-stepper-circle {position: relative;
}
ul.form-stepper .form-stepper-circle span {position: absolute;top: 50%;left: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%) translateX(-50%);
}
.form-stepper-horizontal {position: relative;display: -webkit-box;display: -ms-flexbox;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: justify;-ms-flex-pack: justify;justify-content: space-between;
}
ul.form-stepper > li:not(:last-of-type) {margin-bottom: 0.625rem;-webkit-transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;-o-transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal > li:not(:last-of-type) {margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li {position: relative;display: -webkit-box;display: -ms-flexbox;display: flex;-webkit-box-flex: 1;-ms-flex: 1;flex: 1;-webkit-box-align: start;-ms-flex-align: start;align-items: start;-webkit-transition: 0.5s;transition: 0.5s;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:not(:last-child):after {position: relative;-webkit-box-flex: 1;-ms-flex: 1;flex: 1;height: 1px;content: "";top: 32%;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:after {background-color: #dee2e6;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li.form-stepper-completed:after {background-color: #4da3ff;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:last-child {flex: unset;
}
ul.form-stepper li a .form-stepper-circle {display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;margin-right: 0;line-height: 1.7rem;text-align: center;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);border-radius: 50%;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .form-stepper-circle {background-color: #4361ee !important;color: #fff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .label {color: #4361ee !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .form-stepper-circle:hover {background-color: #4361ee !important;color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-unfinished .form-stepper-circle {background-color: #f8f7ff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .form-stepper-circle {background-color: #0e9594 !important;color: #fff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .label {color: #0e9594 !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .form-stepper-circle:hover {background-color: #0e9594 !important;color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active span.text-muted {color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed span.text-muted {color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .label {font-size: 1rem;margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.form-stepper a {cursor: default;
}
样式展示
