前言

事务我们都知道是什么，而Spring事务就是在数据库之上利用AOP提供声明式事务和编程式事务帮助我们简化开发，解耦业务逻辑和系统逻辑。但是Spring事务原理是怎样？事务在方法间是如何传播的？为什么有时候事务会失效？接下来咱就一一解答~重点分析Spring事务源码，让我们彻底搞懂Spring事务的原理。

正文

XML标签的解析

配置过事务的应该都不陌生，上面这个配置就是Spring开启事务注解(@Transactional)支持的配置，而看过我之前文章的应该知道，这个带前缀的标签叫自定义标签，我在之前的文章也分析过自定义标签的解析过程，所以这里我直接找到对应的handler：

public class TxNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {static final String TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = "transaction-manager";static final String DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "transactionManager";static String getTransactionManagerName(Element element) {return (element.hasAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) ?element.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) : DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME);}@Overridepublic void init() {registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());}}

可以看到对应的注解解析器就是AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser类，在该类中一定会有一个parse方法：

public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {registerTransactionalEventListenerFactory(parserContext);String mode = element.getAttribute("mode");if ("aspectj".equals(mode)) {// mode="aspectj"registerTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);if (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader())) {registerJtaTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);}}else {// mode="proxy"AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);}return null;}

首先拿到mode属性的值判断是使用AspectJ生成代理还是JDK生成代理，这里我们主要看proxy模式，进入configureAutoProxyCreator方法：

public static void configureAutoProxyCreator(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {// 注册AOP的入口类AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);String txAdvisorBeanName = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME;if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName)) {Object eleSource = parserContext.extractSource(element);// Create the TransactionAttributeSource definition.// @Transactional注解的属性封装RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition("org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);String sourceName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);// Create the TransactionInterceptor definition.// AOP执行链RootBeanDefinition interceptorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(TransactionInterceptor.class);interceptorDef.setSource(eleSource);interceptorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);// 拿到transaction-manager属性的值registerTransactionManager(element, interceptorDef);interceptorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));String interceptorName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(interceptorDef);// Create the TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor definition.RootBeanDefinition advisorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.class);advisorDef.setSource(eleSource);advisorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("adviceBeanName", interceptorName);if (element.hasAttribute("order")) {advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", element.getAttribute("order"));}parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName, advisorDef);CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), eleSource);compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(sourceDef, sourceName));compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(interceptorDef, interceptorName));compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(advisorDef, txAdvisorBeanName));parserContext.registerComponent(compositeDef);}}

这里的流程比较长，但逻辑很简单。首先来看注册事务AOP入口类是哪个：

public static void registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(ParserContext parserContext, Element sourceElement) {// 将优先级更高的AOP入口类放入到IOC容器中BeanDefinition beanDefinition = AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), parserContext.extractSource(sourceElement));// 设置代理生成的方式以及是否缓存代理类到当前线程useClassProxyingIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), sourceElement);registerComponentIfNecessary(beanDefinition, parserContext);}

主要看registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法：

public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);}private static BeanDefinition registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(Class> cls, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");// 判断传进来的类和ICO中当前存在的类哪个优先级更高，将更高的放入IOC中if (registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME)) {BeanDefinition apcDefinition = registry.getBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME);if (!cls.getName().equals(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName())) {int currentPriority = findPriorityForClass(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName());int requiredPriority = findPriorityForClass(cls);if (currentPriority < requiredPriority) {apcDefinition.setBeanClassName(cls.getName());}}return null;}//把AOP入口类封装成beanDefinition对象，要实例化RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(cls);beanDefinition.setSource(source);beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add("order", Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);beanDefinition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);//注解aop入口类的beanName名称 AopConfigUtils.AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAMEregistry.registerBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME, beanDefinition);return beanDefinition;}

首先判断容器中是否已经存在AOP入口类，如果不存在则直接创建InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的BeanDefinition对象注册到容器中，这个类也是我之前分析的AOP入口类AbstractAutoProxyCreator的子类，再来看看其继承关系：

你会不会疑惑，这么多子类，到底会使用哪一个呢？回到刚刚的代码中，可以看到如果已经存在一个入口类了，就会通过findPriorityForClass获取两个类的优先级，最终就会使用优先级更大的那个，那么它们的优先级顺序是怎样的呢？

private static final List> APC_PRIORITY_LIST = new ArrayList<>(3);static {// Set up the escalation list...APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class);APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class);APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class);}private static int findPriorityForClass(@Nullable String className) {// 索引即是优先级，越大优先级越高，IOC中只会存在一个事务AOP入口类for (int i = 0; i < APC_PRIORITY_LIST.size(); i++) {Class> clazz = APC_PRIORITY_LIST.get(i);if (clazz.getName().equals(className)) {return i;}}throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class name [" + className + "] is not a known auto-proxy creator class");}

可以看到，InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是优先级最低的，基本上不会起作用；AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了标签时会注册，也就是xml配置的AOP的入口类；而AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了或使用@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注解时注册，因此大部分情况下都是使用的AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator。
注册完AOP的入口类后，回到configureAutoProxyCreator方法：

RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition("org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);String sourceName =parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);

AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource类的作用就是封装事务注解@Transactional的属性，这里需要记住其继承体系以及熟悉该类和其父类的属性和方法，对后面分析事物切面执行原理有帮助：

紧接着就是创建了TransactionInterceptor对象，专门的事务拦截器，并且该类是MethodInterceptor的子类，看到这个应该不陌生了，我们知道AOP调用链在执行过程中主要就是调用该类的invoke的方法，因此它是事务切面执行的入口。既然有了Interceptor，那么必不可少的还应该有Advisor，而Advisor又是由Advice和Poincut组成的，这样才能构成一个完整的切面，所以该方法后面就是创建这两个对象。以上就是xml配置AOP注解支持的原理，很简单，下面再来看看零配置又是如何实现的。

AOP零配置原理

使用过SpringBoot的都知道，如果需要开启事务注解的支持，只需要一个注解就能搞定：@EnableTransactionManagement，不用再配置xml文件，这个又是怎么做到的呢？不多说，我们直接来看其源码：

@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;}

在该注解下使用@Import导入了一个类TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector，首先该注解的作用就是导入一个类的实例到IOC容器中，你可能会说不是在类上加@Component注解就行了么，但是有些类它并不在你扫描的路径下，而该注解依然可以将其导入进来，所以我们主要看TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector类中做了些啥：

public class TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector {@Overrideprotected String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {switch (adviceMode) {case PROXY:return new String[] {AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName(),ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class.getName()};case ASPECTJ:return new String[] {determineTransactionAspectClass()};default:return null;}}private String determineTransactionAspectClass() {return (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader()) ?TransactionManagementConfigUtils.JTA_TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME :TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME);}}

可以看到在selectImports方法中返回了AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类，返回后会被封装为BeanDefinition对象，那这个方法是在哪里调用的呢？这个在之前的文章中也分析过，ConfigurationClassPostProcessor类中会调用ConfigurationClassParser类的parse方法解析@Configuration、@Import、@ImportSource等注解，具体过程这里就不再赘述了。我们继续来分别看看AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类：

public class AutoProxyRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());@Overridepublic void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {boolean candidateFound = false;Set annoTypes = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationTypes();for (String annoType : annoTypes) {AnnotationAttributes candidate = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, annoType);if (candidate == null) {continue;}Object mode = candidate.get("mode");Object proxyTargetClass = candidate.get("proxyTargetClass");if (mode != null && proxyTargetClass != null && AdviceMode.class == mode.getClass() &&Boolean.class == proxyTargetClass.getClass()) {candidateFound = true;if (mode == AdviceMode.PROXY) {//注册事务AOP的入口类InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator,实际上这个AOP入口类起不了作用AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);if ((Boolean) proxyTargetClass) {AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);return;}}}}}}public class ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration extends AbstractTransactionManagementConfiguration {/** 明显是创建事务切面实例* BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor** */@Bean(name = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME)@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)public BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor transactionAdvisor() {BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor();advisor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());//设置通知类advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());if (this.enableTx != null) {advisor.setOrder(this.enableTx.getNumber("order"));}return advisor;}@Bean@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource() {return new AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource();}/** 创建事务advice* TransactionInterceptor* */@Bean@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {TransactionInterceptor interceptor = new TransactionInterceptor();interceptor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource());//事务管理器要跟数据源挂钩，所以需要自己定义if (this.txManager != null) {interceptor.setTransactionManager(this.txManager);}return interceptor;}}

看到这就很清楚了，前者是注册AOP的入口类(这里注册的入口类依然是InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator)，后者则是创建事务AOP的组件的实例到IOC中，到这里相信不仅仅是对于事务的零配置，而是整个SpringBoot的零配置实现原理都心中有数了。