教育
-Grey Data Analysis-章节资料考试资料-Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics【】
Chapter 1 Concept and basic principle of grey system
1、【单选题】The research object of gray system theory is：
A、A. Clear extension, clear connotation
B、B. Unclear extension, clear connotation
C、C. Clear extension, unclear connotation
D、D. Unclear extension, unclear connotation
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2、【单选题】Which of the following is not a commonly used research method for uncertain systems?
A、A. Probability statistics
B、B. Fuzzy mathematics
C、C. Grey system
D、D. Operations Research
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3、【单选题】Grey system theory is the scientific method to solve
A、A. Complex problems of certainty
B、B. Semi-deterministic complex problem
C、C. Uncertain complex problem
D、D. Uncertain semi-complex problems
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4、【填空题】What are the basic characteristics of uncertain system?
A、
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5、【填空题】Briefly describe some cases of incomplete information.
A、
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Grey Number and its Operation
1、【单选题】Which of the following descriptions of gray numbers is correct?
A、A grey number is a kind of uncertain number which exact value and the range are unknown.
B、A grey number is a kind of uncertain number which exact value is unknown but the range of the number is known.
C、The value range of the gray number can only be an interval.
D、Black and white numbers are not gray numbers.
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2、【单选题】What is general grey number?
A、Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
B、Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
C、Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
D、Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
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3、【单选题】Assuming , , , try to calculate according to the interval gray number algorithm.,,.
A、[4，35], [-36，-8], [-1/4，-1/18]
B、[4，35], [-16，-8], [-1/8，-1/18]
C、[4，35], [-36，-16], [-1/4，-1/18]
D、[4，35], [-16，-8], [-1/4，-1/8]
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4、【多选题】How many different types of grey number are there?
A、Grey numbers with only a lower bound.
B、Grey numbers with only an upper bound.
C、Interval grey number.
D、Continuous and discrete grey numbers.
E、Black and white numbers.
F、Essential and non-essential grey numbers.
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5、【判断题】Is the following statement about classical possible functions correct?It is a continuous function with fixed starting and ending points so that the left-hand side increases and the right-hand side decreases.
A、正确
B、错误
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Chapter 4 Grey Incidence Analysis Models
1、【单选题】The basic idea of gray Incidence Analysis is
A、A. Determine whether the connection is close according to the similarity of the geometric shape of the sequence curve.
B、B. Study the relationship between variables by regression analysis.
C、C. The basic idea is the same as principal component analysis.
D、D. The above answers are all wrong.
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2、【单选题】If is an economic factor, is time factor, is the observation data of factor at time , then is:
A、A. Time series of economic behavior
B、B. Economic behavior index sequence
C、C. Economic behavior sector sequence
D、D. Horizontal sequence of economic behavior
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3、【单选题】Set X_i=(x_i (1),x_i (2),⋯,x_i (n)) as the behavior sequence of factor X_i, D_1 as the sequence operator, and X_i D_1=(x_i (1)d_1,x_i (2)d_1,⋯,x_i (n)d_1), where x_i (k)d_1=x_i (k)/x_i (1); x_i (1)≠0, k=1,2,⋯,n, then D_1 is
A、A. Initial valued operator
B、B. Averaging operator
C、C. Interval valued operator
D、D. Invert operator
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4、【单选题】The increment characteristic of sequence means that when the absolute increment of two growing sequences is the same, the relative growth rate of the sequence with small initial value is ( ) that of the sequence with large initial value.
A、A. greater than
B、B. equal to
C、C. not more than
D、D. less than
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5、【单选题】Which of the following is not the axioms of Grey Incidence Model：
A、A. Normalization
B、B. Integrality
C、C. Accidentally symmetry
D、D. Proximity
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Chapter 3 Sequence Operators and Grey Data Mining
1、【单选题】Which of the following is not a axiom of Buffer Operator?
A、A.Fixed Point
B、B.In accordance with information
C、C.Unique axiom
D、D.Expressed normality
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2、【单选题】Let X=(10155,12588,23480,35388)，then second order buffered sequence XD^2 is
A、A .10155，12588，23480，35388）
B、B.(15323，17685，29456，34567）
C、C.（22341，34215，31625，43251）
D、D.(27260，29547，32411，35388）
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3、【单选题】Let X=(x(1),x(2),⋅⋅⋅,x(n)), which the following operators is weakening operator :
A、A. x(k)d=(x(1)+x(2)+⋅⋅⋅+x(k-1)+kx(k))/(2k-1);k=1,2,⋅⋅⋅,n-1
B、B. x(k)d=1/(n-k+1) [x(k)+x(k+1)+⋅⋅⋅+x(n)];k=1,2,⋅⋅⋅,n
C、C. x(k)d=(x(k))/(x(n))⋅x(k);k=1,2,⋯,n
D、D. x(k)d=(([x(k)+x(k+1)+⋯x(n)])/((n-k+1)))/(x(n))⋅x(k);k=1,2,⋯n
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4、【单选题】Let X=(5,8,21,X(4),35)，which the following sequence is the sequence of even generated by adjacent neighbor
A、A. ( 5,8,21,24,35 )
B、B. ( 5,8,21,28,35)
C、C. ( 5,8 ,21,25,35)
D、D. ( 5,8,21,30,35)
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5、【单选题】For the sequence X=(x(1) ,x(2),…, x(n)，if Z stands for the sequence of even generated by adjacent neighbor where z(1)=0.5x(1)+0.5x(0),but x(0) = φ (0)is a missing data. Which of the following is not the choice without information expansion?
A、A. Treat x(0) as a gray number and do not assign an exact value；
B、B. Zero assignment or arbitrary assignment;
C、C. Assign a value related to x(1);
D、D. Cancel x(0)
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Chapter 5 Grey Clustering Evaluation Models
1、【单选题】Which of the following images is the image of the whitening weight function f_j^k (-,-,x_j^k (3),x_j^k (4))
A、
B、
C、
D、
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2、【单选题】Given that the grey evaluation coefficient vector of an economic zone divided by four grades of high, relatively high, middle and low is (0.529 0.12 0.33 0.04), it can be determined which grade it belongs to
A、high
B、relatively high
C、middle
D、low
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3、【填空题】In which cases are grey fixed and variable weights used？
A、
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4、【填空题】The calculation formula of grey variable weight ：
A、
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5、【填空题】In which cases are grey fixed and variable weights used？
A、
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Chapter 6 series of GM Models
1、【单选题】Which of the following belongs to a hidden Combined Grey Model?
A、Grey Markov Model
B、Grey Econometrics Model
C、Grey Linear Regression Model
D、Grey Cobb-Douglas Model
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2、【单选题】At least how many numbers of data are needed in GM(1,1), the core model of Grey Systems Theory, to estimate the model parameters and achieve certain simulation accuracy.
A、3
B、4
C、5
D、10
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3、【单选题】Some inexplicable phenomena often appear in estimating the parameters of econometric models, for example, the coefficients of some important explanatory variables are not significant, the values of some parameter estimations are inconsistent with the actual situation or the conclusion of economic analysis, small changes in individual observation data cause large variations in most estimates, and so forth. Which of the following is not the main reason of the phenomenon?
A、Great changes in system structure during the observation period
B、Existence of multiple collinearity between explanatory variables
C、Too many explanatory variables selected
D、Random fluctuation or error of observation data
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4、【单选题】which of the following does not belong to the theoretical model design in the process of establishing the grey econometrics model?
A、study relevant economic theory
B、estimate parameter
C、determine variables and function forms contained in the model
D、collect and arrange statistical data
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5、【单选题】Which of the following does not belong to the estimated parameter in the Grey Cobb-Douglas Model?
A、capital elasticity
B、labor elasticity
C、the parameter for the progress of technology
D、g-GDP influence coefficient
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Chapter 7 Techniques of Grey Systems Forecasting
1、【单选题】Grey prediction is a :
A、Qualitative prediction
B、quantitative prediction
C、qualitative and quantitative prediction
D、neither
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2、【单选题】In the process of judging model accuracy based on the investigation of residual error, the following statement ( ) is wrong
A、The smaller the average relative error and simulation error are, the better
B、The greater the requirement of relevance, the bette
C、The greater the ratio of mean square deviation, the better
D、The larger the small error probability, the better
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3、【单选题】When the original data fluctuates frequently and the swing amplitude is large, it is difficult to find the appropriate simulation model. At this time, we can consider:
A、Sequence prediction
B、interval prediction
C、waveform prediction
D、system prediction
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4、【单选题】The scale band is:
A、Linear horn belt
B、Index band
C、Exponential horn belt
D、None of the above
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5、【单选题】When the original data fluctuates frequently and the swing amplitude is large, it is often difficult to find the appropriate simulation, so we can consider using：
A、Interval prediction
B、Waveform prediction
C、Grey catastrophe prediction
D、System forecast
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Chapter 8 Grey Model of Decision-Making
1、【单选题】Choose which of the following four elements of decision-making is the starting point of decision-making.
A、objective
B、countermeasure
C、event
D、effect
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2、【单选题】Which of the following statement is correct?
A、The upper effect measure reflects the deviation degree between the effect sample value and the minimum effect sample value;
B、The upper effect measure reflects the deviation degree between the effect sample value and the average effect sample value;
C、The lower effect measure reflects the deviation degree between the effect sample value and the minimum effect sample value;
D、The lower effect measure reflects the deviation degree between the effect sample value and the average effect sample value;
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3、【单选题】Which of the following conclusion is wrong?
A、For the target with better effect value, the time series of situation effect with attenuation must be given priority;
B、For the target with smaller value, the increasing situation effect time series should be excluded in the discussion;
C、For the target with moderate effect value, the time series of effect of growth situation is discussed;
D、For the target with moderate effect value, the time series of effect of attenuation situation is discussed;
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4、【单选题】Choose which of the following four elements of decision-making is the starting point of decision-making.
A、objective
B、countermeasure
C、event
D、effect
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5、【单选题】Which of the following statement is not correct?
A、For the goal that the larger the effect value is, the better the effect value is, the time series of the effect of the decision-making scheme with attenuation trend must be given priority;
B、For the goal that the smaller the effect value is, the better the effect value is, we should first exclude the effect time series of the decision-making scheme with increasing trend;
C、For the goal of moderate effect value, we should focus on the effect time series of decision-making schemes with increasing trend;
D、For the goal of moderate effect value, we should focus on the effect time series of decision-making scheme with attenuation trend;
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