引言
浮点数转换定点数是一种常见的数值转换技术，用于将浮点数表示转换为定点数表示。浮点数表示采用指数和尾数的形式，可以表示较大范围的数值，但存在精度有限的问题。而定点数表示则采用固定小数点位置的形式，具有固定的精度和范围。在某些应用中，特别是在嵌入式系统和数字信号处理领域，使用定点数表示可以更加高效地进行计算。然而，很多算法和库函数都是基于浮点数实现的，因此需要将浮点数转换为定点数才能在这些系统中使用。浮点数转换定点数的背景涉及到浮点数和定点数的表示方法、精度要求以及性能考虑等方面。在转换过程中需要考虑相应的位宽、小数点位置、舍入方式等参数的选择，以保证转换后的定点数能够准确地表示原始浮点数，并满足应用的要求。此外，浮点数转换定点数也可能涉及到溢出、舍入误差、舍入方式选择等问题。因此，在实际应用中需要仔细分析和评估转换算法的性能和精度，并根据具体的应用场景进行调整和优化。
背景
浮点数转换定点数的概念和技术并没有一个具体的发明者或起源人。它是在计算机科学和数字信号处理等领域的发展过程中逐渐形成和应用的。浮点数和定点数的概念最早可以追溯到计算机科学的早期发展阶段。在计算机领域的先驱们，如冯·诺依曼、约翰·冯·诺伊曼、阿兰·图灵等，对于数字表示和计算方法进行了深入研究，为后来的浮点数和定点数概念的发展奠定了基础。随着计算机技术的快速发展，浮点数和定点数的表示方法和转换技术也得到了更多的研究和应用。在数字信号处理领域，特别是在嵌入式系统和通信领域，浮点数转换定点数被广泛应用于各种算法和信号处理任务。因此，浮点数转换定点数作为一种技术和方法，并没有一个特定的发明者或起源人，而是在计算机科学和数字信号处理领域的长期积累和发展中形成的。不同的研究者和工程师在不同的应用场景中对该技术进行了不同的改进和优化，推动了该技术的应用和发展。
软核开发
module top (input wire clk,input wire rst_n,input The_uart_en_w,input [31:0] The_uart_data
);wire [31:0] B;wire [31:0] C;wire valid;wire complete;wire [23:0] intpart; //结果整数部分wire [23:0] decpart; //结果小数部分assign B = 32'd0;decimals u_decimals(.clk (clk ),.rst_n (rst_n ),.valid (valid ), //转换开始使能.symbol (C[31] ), //符号位.exponent (C[30:23] ), //阶码.trail (C[22:0] ), //尾数.intpart (intpart ), //结果整数部分.decpart (decpart ), //结果小数部分.complete (complete ) //执行完成信号
);floatingpoint32 u_floatingpoint32(.clk (clk ),.rst_n (rst_n ),.en (The_uart_en_w ),//数据转换开始.A (The_uart_data ),.B (B ),.C (C ),.valid (valid )
); endmodule module decimals (input wire clk,input wire rst_n,input valid,input symbol, //符号位input [7:0] exponent, //阶码input [22:0] trail, //尾数output reg [23:0] intpart, //结果整数部分output reg [23:0] decpart, //结果小数部分output reg complete //执行完成信号
);//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//----------- Registers decpartlarations -------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------ reg [3:0] state = 0;reg [5:0] ctate = 0;reg [2:0] mimi = 0;reg [2:0] ter = 0;reg [2:0] trai_ter = 0;reg [7:0] exponent_reg_d0 = 0; //寄存1reg [22:0] trail_reg_d0 = 0; //寄存1reg [23:0] trail_reg_d1 = 0; //寄存2reg [23:0] trail_reg_d2 = 0; //寄存2reg [23:0] trail_reg_d3 = 0; //寄存3reg [23:0] trail_reg_d4 = 0; //寄存4reg trai1_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai2_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai3_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai4_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai5_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai6_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai7_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai8_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trai9_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trail0_one = 0; //单位寄存reg trail1_one = 0;reg trail2_one = 0;reg trail3_one = 0;reg trail4_one = 0;reg trail5_one = 0;reg trail6_one = 0;reg trail7_one = 0;reg trail8_one = 0;reg trail9_one = 0;reg trai20_one = 0;reg trai21_one = 0;reg trai22_one = 0;reg trai23_one = 0;reg trai24_one = 0;reg chic = 0;reg start = 0; //启动判断 reg etart = 0; //启动判断reg judge = 0; //判断m有多少零reg [5:0] cnt = 0;reg [5:0] sum = 0;reg [5:0] com = 0;reg [5:0] count = 0;reg [20:0] bucket = 0;reg [5:0] select = 0;reg [20:0] cno = 0;reg [4:0] ltate = 0;reg a0,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9;reg a10,a11,a12,a13,a14,a15,a16,a17;reg a18,a19 = 0;reg ltate_done;reg [35:0] cno_ride = 0;reg [23:0] cno_ride_reg = 0;reg s0,s1 = 0;reg g0,g1 = 0;//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//----------- Wires decpartlarations -----------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------wire pos_valid;wire pos_chic;//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//----------- Local Parameters -------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------parameter idle = 'd0; //初始化状态parameter expo = 'd1; //阶码计算parameter trai = 'd2; //尾码计算parameter trai_1 = 'd3; //尾码计算1parameter trai_2 = 'd4; //尾码计算2parameter trai_3 = 'd5; //尾码计算3parameter decparti = 'd6; //数据结合parameter resu = 'd7; //结果parameter stop = 'd8; //结束//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//----------- Assign/Always Blocks ---------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------assign pos_valid = s0 & (!s1);assign pos_chic = g0 & (!g1);always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin s0 <= 'd0;s1 <= 'd0;end else begin s0 <= valid;s1 <= s0;end
end always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin g0 <= 'd0;g1 <= 'd0;end else begin g0 <= chic;g1 <= g0;end
end // 判断多少 0
always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin judge <= 1'b0;mimi <= 3'd0;ter <= 3'd0;cnt <= 6'd0;end else case (mimi)0:begin if (start)mimi <= 3'd1;else mimi <= mimi;end 1:begin if (ter == 5)begin ter <= 3'd0;mimi <= 3'd2;end else begin ter <= ter + 1'b1;cnt <= ctate;end end 2:begin if (ter == 5)begin ter <= 3'd0;mimi <= 3'd0;judge <= 1'b0;end else begin judge <= 1'b1;ter <= ter + 1'b1;end end default : ;
endcase
end always @ (*) begin if (trail[0] == 1) ctate = 0; else if (trail[1] == 1) ctate = 1; else if (trail[2] == 1) ctate = 2; else if (trail[3] == 1) ctate = 3; else if (trail[4] == 1) ctate = 4; else if (trail[5] == 1) ctate = 5; else if (trail[6] == 1) ctate = 6; else if (trail[7] == 1) ctate = 7; else if (trail[8] == 1) ctate = 8;else if (trail[9] == 1) ctate = 9;else if (trail[10]== 1) ctate = 10;else if (trail[11]== 1) ctate = 11;else if (trail[12]== 1) ctate = 12;else if (trail[13]== 1) ctate = 13;else if (trail[14]== 1) ctate = 14;else if (trail[15]== 1) ctate = 15;else if (trail[16]== 1) ctate = 16;else if (trail[17]== 1) ctate = 17;else if (trail[18]== 1) ctate = 18;else if (trail[19]== 1) ctate = 19;else if (trail[20]== 1) ctate = 20;else if (trail[21]== 1) ctate = 21;else if (trail[22]== 1) ctate = 22;
end always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin intpart <= 'd0;decpart <= 'd0;exponent_reg_d0 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d0 <= 'd0;start <= 'd0;sum <= 'd0;trai1_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai2_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai3_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai4_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai5_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai6_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai7_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai8_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai9_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trail0_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trail1_one <= 'd0;trail2_one <= 'd0;trail3_one <= 'd0;trail4_one <= 'd0;trail5_one <= 'd0;trail6_one <= 'd0;trail7_one <= 'd0;trail8_one <= 'd0;trail9_one <= 'd0;trai20_one <= 'd0;trai21_one <= 'd0;trai22_one <= 'd0;trai23_one <= 'd0;trai24_one <= 'd0;trail_reg_d1 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d2 <= 'd0;count <= 'd0;trail_reg_d3 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d4 <= 'd0;sum <= 'd0;chic <= 'd0;cno_ride <= 'd0;cno_ride_reg <= 'd0;com <= 'd0;state <= idle;complete <= 'd0;trai_ter <= 'd0;end else case (state)idle:begin if (pos_valid)begin trai1_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai2_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai3_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai4_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai5_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai6_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai7_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai8_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trai9_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trail0_one <= 'd0; //单位寄存trail1_one <= 'd0;trail2_one <= 'd0;trail3_one <= 'd0;trail4_one <= 'd0;trail5_one <= 'd0;trail6_one <= 'd0;trail7_one <= 'd0;trail8_one <= 'd0;trail9_one <= 'd0;trai20_one <= 'd0;trai21_one <= 'd0;trai22_one <= 'd0;trai23_one <= 'd0;trai24_one <= 'd0;intpart <= 'd0;decpart <= 'd0;exponent_reg_d0 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d0 <= 'd0;start <= 'd0;etart <= 'd0;sum <= 'd0;count <= 'd0;trail_reg_d1 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d2 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d3 <= 'd0;trail_reg_d4 <= 'd0;cno_ride <= 'd0;cno_ride_reg <= 'd0;com <= 'd0;state <= expo;complete <= 'd0;trai_ter <= 'd0;end else begin complete <= 'd0;state <= idle;end end expo:begin if ( exponent >= 127 )begin state <= trai;exponent_reg_d0 <= exponent - 127;end else state <= idle;end trai:begin start <= 1'd1;if (judge) begin //删除后面0trail_reg_d0 <= trail>>cnt;start <= 1'd0; state <= trai_1;sum <= 23-cnt;end else state <= trai;end trai_1:begin if (trai_ter == 5)begin trai_ter <= 3'd0;state <= trai_2;end else begin trai1_one <= 1'b1;trai2_one <= trail_reg_d0[22-cnt];trai3_one <= trail_reg_d0[21-cnt];trai4_one <= trail_reg_d0[20-cnt];trai5_one <= trail_reg_d0[19-cnt];trai6_one <= trail_reg_d0[18-cnt];trai7_one <= trail_reg_d0[17-cnt];trai8_one <= trail_reg_d0[16-cnt];trai9_one <= trail_reg_d0[15-cnt];trail0_one <= trail_reg_d0[14-cnt];trail1_one <= trail_reg_d0[13-cnt];trail2_one <= trail_reg_d0[12-cnt];trail3_one <= trail_reg_d0[11-cnt];trail4_one <= trail_reg_d0[10-cnt];trail5_one <= trail_reg_d0[9 -cnt];trail6_one <= trail_reg_d0[8 -cnt];trail7_one <= trail_reg_d0[7 -cnt];trail8_one <= trail_reg_d0[6 -cnt];trail9_one <= trail_reg_d0[5 -cnt];trai20_one <= trail_reg_d0[4 -cnt];trai21_one <= trail_reg_d0[3 -cnt];trai22_one <= trail_reg_d0[2 -cnt];trai23_one <= trail_reg_d0[1 -cnt];trai24_one <= trail_reg_d0[0 -cnt];state <= trai_1;trai_ter <= trai_ter + 1'b1;end endtrai_2:begin if (count == exponent_reg_d0) begin trail_reg_d2 <= trail_reg_d1;if (trail_reg_d2 == trail_reg_d1)begin state <= trai_3;count <= count + 'd1;end else trail_reg_d2 <= trail_reg_d1;end else if (count <= exponent_reg_d0) count <= count + 'd1;case (count)0 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai1_one;1 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai2_one;2 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai3_one;3 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai4_one;4 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai5_one;5 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai6_one;6 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai7_one;7 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai8_one;8 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai9_one;9 : trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail0_one;10: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail1_one;11: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail2_one;12: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail3_one;13: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail4_one;14: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail5_one;15: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail6_one;16: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail7_one;17: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail8_one;18: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trail9_one;19: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai20_one;20: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai21_one;21: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai22_one;22: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai23_one;23: trail_reg_d1[exponent_reg_d0 - count] <= trai24_one;default: ;endcase end trai_3:begin if (count == sum+1)begin state <= decparti;trail_reg_d4 <= trail_reg_d3;com <= sum - exponent_reg_d0;end else if ((count > exponent_reg_d0)&&(count<=sum))count <= count + 'd1;case (count)0 : trail_reg_d3[sum] <= trai1_one;1 : trail_reg_d3[sum-1] <= trai2_one;2 : trail_reg_d3[sum-2] <= trai3_one;3 : trail_reg_d3[sum-3] <= trai4_one;4 : trail_reg_d3[sum-4] <= trai5_one;5 : trail_reg_d3[sum-5] <= trai6_one;6 : trail_reg_d3[sum-6] <= trai7_one;7 : trail_reg_d3[sum-7] <= trai8_one;8 : trail_reg_d3[sum-8] <= trai9_one;9 : trail_reg_d3[sum-9] <= trail0_one;10: trail_reg_d3[sum-10]<= trail1_one;11: trail_reg_d3[sum-11]<= trail2_one;12: trail_reg_d3[sum-12]<= trail3_one;13: trail_reg_d3[sum-13]<= trail4_one;14: trail_reg_d3[sum-14]<= trail5_one;15: trail_reg_d3[sum-15]<= trail6_one;16: trail_reg_d3[sum-16]<= trail7_one;17: trail_reg_d3[sum-17]<= trail8_one;18: trail_reg_d3[sum-18]<= trail9_one;19: trail_reg_d3[sum-19]<= trai20_one;20: trail_reg_d3[sum-20]<= trai21_one;21: trail_reg_d3[sum-21]<= trai22_one;22: trail_reg_d3[sum-22]<= trai23_one;23: trail_reg_d3[sum-23]<= trai24_one;default :;endcase end decparti:begin chic <= 'd1;if (ltate_done)begin chic <= 'd0;cno_ride <= cno*1000; //扩展1000倍state <= resu;end else state <= state;end resu:begin cno_ride_reg <= cno_ride>>20;state <= stop;end stop:begin count <= 'd0;intpart <= trail_reg_d2;decpart <= cno_ride_reg;complete <= 'd1;state <= idle;end default: ;endcase
end always @ (*) begin case (select)// 小数放大 33554432 倍 (25个)0: bucket = 524288; //0.51: bucket = 262144; //0.252: bucket = 131072; //0.1253: bucket = 65536; //0.06254: bucket = 32768; //0.031255: bucket = 16384; //0.0156256: bucket = 8192; //0.00781257: bucket = 4096; //0.003906258: bucket = 2048; //0.0019531259: bucket = 1024; //0.000976562510:bucket = 512; //0.0004882812511:bucket = 256; //0.00024414062512:bucket = 128; //0.000122070312513:bucket = 64; //0.0000610351562514:bucket = 32; //0.00003051757812515:bucket = 16; //0.000015258789062516:bucket = 8; //7.62939453125e-617:bucket = 4;18:bucket = 2;19:bucket = 1;20:bucket = 0;default:;endcase
end always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin cno <= 'd0;select <= 'd20;ltate <= 'd0;a0 <= 'd0;a1 <= 'd0;a2 <= 'd0;a3 <= 'd0;a4 <= 'd0;a5 <= 'd0;a6 <= 'd0;a7 <= 'd0;a8 <= 'd0;a10 <= 'd0;a11 <= 'd0;a12 <= 'd0;a13 <= 'd0;a14 <= 'd0;a15 <= 'd0;a16 <= 'd0;a17 <= 'd0;a18 <= 'd0;a19 <= 'd0;ltate_done <= 'd0;end else case (ltate)//8'b1000_1100;0: begin if (pos_chic)begin cno <= 'd0;select <= 'd20;ltate <= 'd1;a0 <= 'd0;a1 <= 'd0;a2 <= 'd0;a3 <= 'd0;a4 <= 'd0;a5 <= 'd0;a6 <= 'd0;a7 <= 'd0;a8 <= 'd0;a10 <= 'd0;a11 <= 'd0;a12 <= 'd0;a13 <= 'd0;a14 <= 'd0;a15 <= 'd0;a16 <= 'd0;a17 <= 'd0;a18 <= 'd0;a19 <= 'd0;end else begin ltate_done <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd0;end end 1: if (trail_reg_d4[com-1] == 1) begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd0; a0 <= 'd1; end else begin a0 <= 'd0; ltate <= 'd2; end 2: if (trail_reg_d4[com-2] == 1) begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd1; a1 <= 'd1; end else begin a1 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd3; end 3: if (trail_reg_d4[com-3] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd2; a2 <= 'd1; end else begin a2 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd4; end 4: if (trail_reg_d4[com-4] == 1) begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd3; a3 <= 'd1; end else begin a3 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd5; end 5: if (trail_reg_d4[com-5] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd4; a4 <= 'd1; end else begin a4 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd6; end 6: if (trail_reg_d4[com-6] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd5; a5 <= 'd1; end else begin a5 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd7; end 7: if (trail_reg_d4[com-7] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd6; a6 <= 'd1; end else begin a6 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd8; end 8: if (trail_reg_d4[com-8] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd7; a7 <= 'd1; end else begin a7 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd9; end 9: if (trail_reg_d4[com-9] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select <= 'd8; a8 <= 'd1; end else begin a8 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd10;end 10: if (trail_reg_d4[com-10] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd9; a9 <= 'd1; end else begin a9 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd11;end 11: if (trail_reg_d4[com-11] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd10; a10<= 'd1;end else begin a10 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd12; end 12: if (trail_reg_d4[com-12] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd11; a11<= 'd1;end else begin a11 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd13; end 13: if (trail_reg_d4[com-13] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd12; a12<= 'd1;end else begin a12 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd14; end 14: if (trail_reg_d4[com-14] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd13; a13<= 'd1;end else begin a13<= 'd0;ltate <= 'd15; end 15: if (trail_reg_d4[com-15] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd14; a14<= 'd1;end else begin a14 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd16; end 16: if (trail_reg_d4[com-16] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd15; a15<= 'd1;end else begin a15 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd17; end 17: if (trail_reg_d4[com-17] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd16; a16<= 'd1;end else begin a16<= 'd0;ltate <= 'd18; end 18: if (trail_reg_d4[com-18] == 1)begin ltate<= 'd21; select <= 'd17; a17<= 'd1;end else begin a17<= 'd0;ltate <= 'd19; end 19: if (trail_reg_d4[com-19] == 1) begin ltate<= 'd21; select<= 'd18; a18<= 'd1;end else begin a18 <= 'd0;ltate <= 'd20; end 20: if (trail_reg_d4[com-20] == 1)begin ltate <= 'd21; select<= 'd19; a19<= 'd1;end else begin a19<= 'd0;ltate <= 'd22; end 21: begin if (a0) begin ltate <= 'd2; a0 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a1) begin ltate <= 'd3; a1 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a2) begin ltate <= 'd4; a2 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a3) begin ltate <= 'd5; a3 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a4) begin ltate <= 'd6; a4 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a5) begin ltate <= 'd7; a5 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a6) begin ltate <= 'd8; a6 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a7) begin ltate <= 'd9; a7 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a8) begin ltate <= 'd10;a8 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a9) begin ltate <= 'd11;a9 <='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a10) begin ltate <= 'd12;a10<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a11) begin ltate <= 'd13;a11<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a12) begin ltate <= 'd14;a12<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a13) begin ltate <= 'd15;a13<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a14) begin ltate <= 'd16;a14<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a15) begin ltate <= 'd17;a15<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a16) begin ltate <= 'd18;a16<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a17) begin ltate <= 'd19;a17<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a18) begin ltate <= 'd20;a18<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else if (a19) begin ltate <= 'd22;a19<='d0; cno <= cno + bucket; end else begin cno <= cno + bucket; ltate <= ltate; end end 22: begin ltate_done <= 'd1; if (state == resu) ltate<= 'd0; else ltate <= ltate; end default: ;endcase
end endmodule // 二进制数转浮点数 , A或B 使用一个即可
module floatingpoint32(input clk,input rst_n,input en,input[31:0] A,B,output reg [31:0] C,output reg valid); reg[7:0] AE=0,BE=0,CE=0,DE=0;reg AS=0,BS=0,CS=0,DS=0;reg[24:0] AF,BF,CF;reg[7:0] index=0;reg drag_0,drag_1,drag_2;integer in;integer tem;always @(A or B)//上升沿触发beginif(en==1)beginAE=A[30:23]; // 阶码8位 用的是移码表示 +127 01111111AF={2'b01,A[22:0]};//把缺省的1给补上 同时考虑做加法时 有可能产生进位 所以补齐23+1+1 共25位AS=A[31]; // 最高位 即符号位BE=B[30:23];BF={2'b01,B[22:0]};BS=B[31];//如果某一方阶码大，则符号位一定是在大的一方if (A[30:0]==0) //如果A是0，则结果就是B了beginCS=BS;CE=BE;CF=BF;endelse if(B[30:0]==0) //如果B是0，则结果就是A了beginCS=AS;CE=AE;CF=AF;endelse //A、B都不为0的情况下beginif(AE>BE) //A的阶码大于B的阶码beginCE=AE; //对阶DE=AE-BE; //阶码做差BF=(BF>>DE); //右移if (AS==BS) //如果A、B符号位相同，就做加法beginCS=AS;CF=AF+BF;endelse if (AS!=BS) //如果A、B的符号位不相同，就做减法beginCS=AS;CF=AF-BF;endendelse if(AE<BE) //A的阶码小于B的阶码beginCE=BE; //对阶DE=BE-AE; //阶码做差AF=(AF>>DE); //右移if (AS==BS) //如果A、B符号位相同，就做加法beginCS=AS;CF=AF+BF;endelse if (AS!=BS) //如果A、B的符号位不相同，就做减法beginCS=BS;CF=BF-AF;endendelse if(AE==BE) //A的阶码等于B阶码beginCE=AE; //首先确定结果的阶码if (AS==BS) // 如果A、B符号位相同，就做加法beginCS=AS;CF=AF+BF;endelse //如果A、B的符号位不相同，就做减法beginCS=BS;CF=BF-AF;endend//归一化，寻找CF第一个1，并将其前移in=24;tem=0;while(tem==0&&in>=0)beginif(CF[in]!=0)//如果尾数最高位CF[24]即尾数第25位不为0，则可以进行尾数规一化。begintem=1;index=in; //index指示的就是尾数为1的那位 就是CF[index]=1endin=in-1; //这里要注意在找到index之后 in还会减一次end //while循环这里结束了if(in<0)//相加得0或者相减的结果就是0 也是指尾数运算结果为25位的0beginCS=0; //运算结果就是0了CE=0;CF=0;endelse if(index==24)//如果在24位，则尾码右移，阶码加一beginCE=CE+8'b1; //结果C的阶码要加1CF=(CF>>1); //尾数要向右移一位 1.xxxxxxxxxxendelse begin index=8'd23-index; //index指示的是需要移位数CE=CE-index; //阶码减去左移的尾数CF=(CF<<index); //结果C的尾数要向左移index位endend//C={CS,CE,CF[22:0]};// 最终结果为32位 cs符号位 ce阶码 cf位尾数 忽略尾数最高的1 end// if（en==1）end //always@（A or B）always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)begin drag_0 <= 'd0;drag_1 <= 'd0;drag_2 <= 'd0;end else begin drag_0 <= en;drag_1 <= drag_0;drag_2 <= drag_1;end end always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n)valid <= 'd0;else valid <= drag_2;end endmodule
实验结果
结果对比
使用eLinx工具进行开发
module FD(input wire clk);wire [31:0] dataa = 520;wire [31:0] result;fp_convert_1 u_fp_convert_1(.clock (clk),.dataa (dataa),.result (result));
endmodule
实验结果
结果对比
结论
精度和范围：定点数的精度和范围是固定的，所以在进行浮点数到定点数转换时，需要确定合适的位宽和小数点位置，以满足应用的精度要求和数值范围。舍入方式：在进行浮点数到定点数转换时，需要选择适当的舍入方式。常见的舍入方式包括向上舍入、向下舍入、四舍五入等。选择合适的舍入方式可以在精度和性能之间进行权衡。运算延迟：定点数运算的延迟可能与浮点数运算有所不同。在进行浮点数到定点数转换后，需要对设计进行重新评估，以确保其满足时序要求。特别是在高速计算或实时系统中，这一点尤为重要。协议和接口：如果你的设计需要与其他模块或设备进行通信，确保你了解并遵循相应的协议和接口规范。有时，浮点数转换定点数可能涉及到数据格式的转换和解析，这需要与其他模块进行正确的数据交互。测试和验证：在进行浮点数转换定点数的设计时，确保进行充分的测试和验证。这包括对各种输入情况和边界条件进行测试，以确保转换的正确性和性能。优化和资源利用：定点数表示通常可以更好地利用 FPGA 的资源，但需要注意设计中的资源使用情况。在进行浮点数转换定点数时，考虑优化算法和数据结构，以提高资源利用率并满足性能要求。
参考资料
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《数字信号处理》（Digital Signal Processing）一书，作者：John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis。该书介绍了数字信号处理的基本概念和技术，包括浮点数和定点数表示以及相应的转换方法。
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《嵌入式系统设计与优化》（Embedded Systems Design and Optimization）一书，作者：Wayne Wolf。该书讲解了在嵌入式系统中使用定点数进行计算的技术和优化方法，包括浮点数转换定点数的相关内容。
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《FPGA原理与应用》（FPGA Prototyping by VHDL Examples）一书，作者：Pong P. Chu。该书介绍了在FPGA上进行数字系统设计的基本原理和方法，其中包括浮点数转换定点数的实现和应用。
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IEEE标准754-2008《二进制浮点算术标准》（IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic）是关于二进制浮点数算术的国际标准。它详细描述了浮点数的表示方法、转换规则以及相应的运算规范。
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学术论文和研究文章：可以通过学术搜索引擎如Google Scholar、IEEE Xplore等搜索相关的学术论文和研究文章，了解最新的浮点数转换定点数的研究成果和应用实践。
