写在前面
Api网关我们之前是用 .netcore写的 Ocelot的,使用后并没有完全达到我们的预期,花了些时间了解后觉得kong可能是个更合适的选择。
简单说下kong对比ocelot打动我的:
1、kong可以直接代替Nginx/OpenRestry做前端服务器。
2、kong的功能强大,性能不俗,生态不错,操作面板,插件丰富,社区活跃;
本文目的
1、对kong和consul做个基本介绍;
2、kong集成consul 做服务发现;
3、Asp.net core WebApi 服务自动注册到Consul;
4、Asp.net core WebApi 自动注册路由规则到kong,实现程序启动即部署;
运行环境
172.16.1.30 CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) (虚拟机单核2g)
Docker version 18.09.3, build 774a1f4
kong apigateway(enterprise) 2.3.x (docker安装)
kong
kong的简介
我们熟悉Nginx;
有个一个加强版的Nginx叫做OpenRestry,OpenRestry ≈ lua脚本+Nginx;
那么Kong 网关就是满血版的 OpenRestry,它有许许多多的的插件和各种丰富的功能,且提供对应的Rest Api,让你轻松打造你所能想象到的 网关+ web前端服务器的功能;
特点(翻译)
云原生:平台无关,kong支持任意平台,裸机容器或云平台;
k8s原生:原生支持k8s,有kong-ingress,支持l4+l7协议;
动态负载均衡:负载均衡到多个upstream;
Hash-based的负载均衡:根据cookie、session,ip等hash负载均衡;
断路器:自动剔除不健康的服务;
心跳检测:主动和被动心跳检测;
服务发现:通过第三方dns解析做服务发现,如consul;
Serverless:调用和保护 AWS Lambda or OpenWhisk functions directly ;
WebSockets:支持ws、wss协议;
gRPC:支持gRPC协议,并通过日志和插件监控流量;
OAuth2.0:轻松添加OAuth2.0支持;
日志:轻松记录请求和响应,通过HTTP, TCP, UDP, 或 直接到硬盘;
安全性:访问控制,爬虫检测、ip黑白名单等等;
Syslog:记录到系统日志;
SSL: 安装不同的SSL证书到服务;
监控:实时监控,提供关机负责负载均衡和性能指标;
整箱代理:kong可以作为正向代理服务器;
身份认证:HMAC, JWT, Basic, 各种奇奇怪怪的规则都支持.
限制器:流量限制功能;
传输转换:新增、删掉、或者修改你的请求或者响应;
缓存:请求缓存;
CLI:命令行控制支持;
Rest Api:Rest Api控制支持;
Geo-Replicated:夸时区请求支持;
故障检测与恢复:数据库(Cassandra /postgres)节点挂掉不影响kong的服务;
集群:所有kong节点都自动加入集群保持配置同步;
拓展性:分布式拓展原生支持,水平伸缩加减节点就行;
高性能:使用Nginx作为核心负载均衡组件,高性能可伸缩;
插件:高拓展性,插件式添加功能;
详细请看
github:https://github.com/Kong/kong
官方文档:https://docs.konghq.com
kong的安装
拉取镜像
docker pull kong/kong-gateway:2.3.3.2-alpine
给镜像改个名
docker tag <IMAGE_ID> kong-ee
创建一个网络
docker network create kong-ee-net
运行一个postgresSql 9.6,用来存取kong的配置
docker run -d --name kong-ee-database \--network=kong-ee-net \-p 5432:5432 \-e "POSTGRES_USER=kong" \-e "POSTGRES_DB=kong" \-e "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=kong" \postgres:9.6
启动kong
docker run -d --name kong-ee2--network=kong-ee-net \-e "KONG_DATABASE=postgres" \-e "KONG_PG_HOST=172.16.1.30" \-e "KONG_PG_PASSWORD=kong" \-e "KONG_PROXY_ACCESS_LOG=/dev/stdout" \-e "KONG_ADMIN_ACCESS_LOG=/dev/stdout" \-e "KONG_PROXY_ERROR_LOG=/dev/stderr" \-e "KONG_ADMIN_ERROR_LOG=/dev/stderr" \-e "KONG_ADMIN_LISTEN=0.0.0.0:8001" \-e "KONG_ADMIN_GUI_URL=http://172.16.1.30:8002" \ -e "KONG_DNS_RESOLVER=172.16.1.30:8600" \ #注意按需使用,consul的才配-p 8000:8000 \-p 8443:8443 \-p 8001:8001 \-p 8444:8444 \-p 8002:8002 \-p 8445:8445 \-p 8003:8003 \-p 8004:8004 \kong-ee//-e "KONG_DNS_RESOLVER=172.16.1.30:8600" 注意这个配置,这是我需要用的consul的dns配置,如果不想用consul做服务发现,删掉这行
这里说明一下,kong的配置是用postgres(或者Cassandra )来存配置,但每一次请求都不需要去读取数据库的。修改的配置会直接 reload 到内存中,不影响性能;
另外说说kong的集群;
因为kong 网关其实最终 表现为一个超级前端服务器+网关,所以每个连接到同个数据库的kong实例配置一样,连接同个数据库的kong作为一个集群;
一般在kong的前面是直接做dns解析就行,如果dns不支持多ip的话做keepalive + vip就行;
验证
#admin api 获取所有服务
curl -i -X GET --url http://127.0.0.1:8001/services#admin 管理后台
curl -i -X GET --url http://127.0.0.1:8002
管理后台
consul
consul简介
Consul是HashiCorp公司推出的开源工具,用于实现分布式系统的服务发现与配置。与其他分布式服务注册与发现的方案,比如 Airbnb的SmartStack等相比,Consul的方案更“一站式”,内置了服务注册与发现框 架、分布一致性协议实现、健康检查、Key/Value存储、多数据中心方案,不再需要依赖其他工具(比如ZooKeeper等),使用起来也较 为简单。
其实就是做服务治理的。
github: https://github.com/hashicorp/consul
官方文档: https://www.consul.io/
consul的安装
直接docker安装
*这是作为开发节点安装
docker run -d --name=dev-consul1 --network=host -e CONSUL_BIND_INTERFACE=eth0 consul:1.8
安装成功
运行一个WebApi服务
先在服务运行一个Asp.net Core WebApi (就是是新建的一个包含),我的版本是3.1的,我给服务命名:DemoApi31,监听端口5002
将服务注册到Consul
curl --location --request PUT 'http://172.16.1.30:8500/v1/agent/service/register' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{"ID": "DemoApi31_172.16.1.30:5002","Name": "DemoApi31","Address": "172.18.1.30","Port": 5002,"EnableTagOverride": false,"Weights": {"Passing": 10,"Warning": 1}
}'
注册成功:
Dns解析验证
# 如果没安装dig 安装:yum install bind-utils
dig @172.16.1.30 -p 8600 Demoapi31.service.consul SRV
ok,我们这里已经把服务注册到consul,且能通过dns常解析到了,我们做跟kong的集成吧。
consul提供内置Dns解析和Rest Api 两种方式集成做服务发现,我们这里跟kong的集成选用的Dns方式。
kong集成consul做服务发现
因为consul的角色是dns服务器,所以非常简单,我们已注册好的 DemoApi31
为例:
1、创建一个名为consul
的服务
DemoApi31.service.consul 是consu要求的格式
2、创建一个名为consul
的路由
验证
访问我们配置的kong路由:http://172.16.1.30:8000/consul/api/values
ok
到目前为止我们只完成了本文目的1、2
3,和4三请往下看;
在Asp.net Core中的使用
以之前的DemoApi31
为例,换成5003端口,我需要达到的效果是,程序启动的时候就把服务注册到Consul 做好心跳检测,并同时部署到网关Kong,直接对外服务。
Asp.net Core 服务自动注册到Consul
安装nuget包
Install-Package Passport.Infrastructure -Version 0.1.4.7-preview-1
加入配置appsettings.json
大家主要各服务器要改成自己的
"ServiceDiscovery": {"ServiceName": "DemoApi31","Consul": {"HttpEndpoint": "http://172.16.1.30:8500", "HttpHeathCheck": {"Path": "/healthcheck","TimeOunt": 10,"Interval": 10},"Tags": ["NetCore","DemoApi","v1.0"]}}
StartUp.cs ConfigureServices方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{//第一行PassportConfig.InitPassportConfig(Configuration, Environment);......services.AddHealthChecks();services.AddConsul();
}
StartUp.cs Configure方法
app.UseHealthChecks("/healthcheck");
启动程序
dotnet DemoApi.Core3.1.dll --healthhost 172.16.1.30 --urls http://*:5003
源码解析
/// <summary>
/// 加入consul做服务管理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="services"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IServiceCollection AddConsul(this IServiceCollection services)
{var options = PassportConfig.GetSection("ServiceDiscovery").Get<ServiceDiscoveryOptions>();if (options?.Disable != true){var healthHost = PassportConfig.GetHealthHost();if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options?.ServiceName) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options?.Consul?.HttpEndPoint)){throw new ArgumentNullException("ServiceDiscovery.ServiceName/Consul.HttpEndpoint cannot be null or empty!");}//实例化kongclientvar consulClient = new ConsulClient(x => x.Address = new Uri(options.Consul.HttpEndPoint));services.AddSingleton(consulClient);services.Configure(new Action<ConsulOptions>(op =>{op.HttpEndPoint = options.Consul.HttpEndPoint;op.Token = options.Consul.Token;op.TcpEndPoint = options.Consul.TcpEndPoint;}));var checkOptions = options.Consul.HttpHeathCheck;var checkUrl = $"http://{healthHost}:{PassportConfig.GetCurrentPort()}{checkOptions.Path}";new ConsulBuilder(consulClient).AddHttpHealthCheck(checkUrl, checkOptions.TimeOunt, checkOptions.Interval).RegisterService(options.ServiceName, healthHost, PassportConfig.GetCurrentPort(), options.Consul.Tags).Wait();}return services;
}
ConsulBuilder.cs 参考晓晨大佬
public class ConsulBuilder{private readonly ConsulClient _client;private readonly List<AgentServiceCheck> _checks = new List<AgentServiceCheck>();public ConsulBuilder(ConsulClient client){_client = client;}public ConsulBuilder AddHealthCheck(AgentServiceCheck check){_checks.Add(check);return this;}/// <summary>////// </summary>/// <param name="url"></param>/// <param name="timeout">unit: second</param>/// <param name="interval">check interval. unit: second</param>/// <returns></returns>public ConsulBuilder AddHttpHealthCheck(string url, int timeout = 10, int interval = 10){_checks.Add(new AgentServiceCheck(){DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout * 3),Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(interval),HTTP = url,Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout)});PassportConsole.Success($"[Consul]Add Http Healthcheck Success! CheckUrl:{url}");return this;}/// <summary>////// </summary>/// <param name="endpoint">GPRC service address.</param>/// <param name="grpcUseTls"></param>/// <param name="timeout">unit: second</param>/// <param name="interval">check interval. unit: second</param>/// <returns></returns>public ConsulBuilder AddGRPCHealthCheck(string endpoint, bool grpcUseTls = false, int timeout = 10, int interval = 10){_checks.Add(new AgentServiceCheck(){DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20),Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(interval),GRPC = endpoint,GRPCUseTLS = grpcUseTls,Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout)});PassportConsole.Success($"[Consul]Add GRPC HealthCheck Success! Endpoint:{endpoint}");return this;}public async Task RegisterService(string name, string host, int port, string[] tags){var registration = new AgentServiceRegistration(){Checks = _checks.ToArray(),ID = $"{name}_{host}:{port}",Name = name,Address = host,Port = port,Tags = tags};await _client.Agent.ServiceRegister(registration);PassportConsole.Success($"[Consul]Register Service Success! Name:{name} ID:{registration.ID}");AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ProcessExit += async (sender, e) =>{PassportConsole.Information($"[Consul] Service Deregisting .... ID:{registration.ID}");await _client.Agent.ServiceDeregister(registration.ID);};}/// <summary>/// 移除服务/// </summary>/// <param name="serviceId"></param>public async Task Deregister(string serviceId){await _client?.Agent?.ServiceDeregister(serviceId);}}
逻辑简单,确定自己需要用的是注册服务功能,调Consul Api 注册,然后程序退出的时候注销consul的服务就行;
Asp.net core WebApi 自动注册路由规则到kong
通过Consul
安装nuget包
#已安装跳过
Install-Package Passport.Infrastructure -Version 0.1.4.7-preview-1
**加入配置appsettings.json**
guid顺便去https://www.guidgen.com/ 生成一个
"Kong": {//"Disable": false, //true=禁用"Host": "http://172.16.1.30:8001","Services": [{"Id": "72e21af8-283f-44c4-a766-53de8bb35c21", //guid"Name": "service-autoapi","Retries": 5,"Protocol": "http","Host": "DemoApi31.service.consul", "Port": 0,"Path": null,"Connect_timeout": 60000, //毫秒"Write_timeout": 60000,"Read_timeout": 60000,"Tags": null}],"Routes": [{"Id": "5370e1b7-6c43-442d-9a44-23c249f958f7","Name": "route-autoapi","Protocols": [ "http" ],"Methods": null,"Hosts": null,"Paths": [ "/autoapi" ],"Https_redirect_status_code": 307,"Regex_priority": 0,"Strip_path": true,"Preserve_host": false,"Tags": null,"Service": {"Id": "72e21af8-283f-44c4-a766-53de8bb35c21" //这个id跟关联的Services的id一致}}]}
StartUp.cs ConfigureServices方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{......services.AddConsul();services.RouteRegistToKong();
}
启动程序
dotnet DemoApi.Core3.1.dll --healthhost 172.16.1.30 --urls http://*:5003
验证
查看kong管理后台:
访问 http://172.16.1.30:8000/auto/api/values
大功告成。
不通过Consul,直接配置路由到kong
StartUp.cs ConfigureServices方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{......//删掉这行services.AddConsul();services.RouteRegistToKong();
}
配置变为
"Kong": {//"Disable": false, //true=禁用"Host": "http://172.16.1.30:8001","Services": [{"Id": "0f86015b-b170-4ada-b045-740ae7d77ed6", //guid"Name": "configupapi","Retries": 5,"Protocol": "http","Host": "configupapi","Port": 0,"Path": null,"Connect_timeout": 60000, //毫秒"Write_timeout": 60000,"Read_timeout": 60000,"Tags": null}],"Routes": [{"Id": "1be79a57-af87-43b0-a0a0-b7a6cc0c5ade","Name": "configupapi","Protocols": [ "http" ],"Methods": null,"Hosts": null,"Paths": [ "/configupapi" ],"Https_redirect_status_code": 307,"Regex_priority": 0,"Strip_path": true,"Preserve_host": false,"Tags": null,"Service": {"Id": "0f86015b-b170-4ada-b045-740ae7d77ed6" //这个id跟Services的id一致}}],"Upstream": {"Id": "8efd15af-df78-422f-97a0-9072fa7e7431","Tags": [ "exampleapi", "v1.0" ],"Name": "configupapi","Hash_on": "none","Healthchecks": {"Active": {"Unhealthy": {"Http_statuses": [ 429, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 ],"Tcp_failures": 1,"Timeouts": 2,"Http_failures": 1,"Interval": 5},"Type": "http","Http_path": "/healthcheck","Timeout": 1,"Healthy": {"Successes": 1,"Interval": 20,"Http_statuses": [ 200, 302 ]},"Https_verify_certificate": true,"Concurrency": 1},"Passive": {"Unhealthy": {"Http_statuses": [ 429, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 ]},"Healthy": {"Http_statuses": [ 200, 201, 302 ]},"Type": "http"}},"Hash_on_cookie_path": "/","Hash_fallback": "none","Slots": 10000},"Target": {"Tags": [ "exampleapi", "v1.0" ],"Weight": 100}}
源码解析
/// <summary>
/// 路由注册到kong;
/// </summary>
/// <param name="services"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IServiceCollection RouteRegistToKong(this IServiceCollection services)
{if (!PassportConfig.GetBool("Kong:Disable")){var konghost = PassportConfig.Get("Kong:Host") ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("Kong:Host cannot be null or empty!");var options = new KongClientOptions(HttpClientFactory.Create(), konghost);var client = new KongClient(options);services.AddSingleton<KongClient>(client);var upStream = PassportConfig.GetSection("Kong:Upstream").Get<UpStream>();var target = PassportConfig.GetSection("Kong:Target").Get<TargetInfo>();if (upStream != null && target != null){upStream.Created_at = DateTime.Now;upStream = client.UpStream.UpdateOrCreate(upStream).Result;target.Target = $"{PassportConfig.GetHealthHost()}:{PassportConfig.GetCurrentPort()}";target.Id = PassportTools.GuidFromString($"{Dns.GetHostName()}{target.Target}");target.Created_at = DateTime.Now;target.UpStream = new TargetInfo.UpStreamId { Id = upStream.Id.Value };client.Target.Add(target).Wait();PassportConsole.Success($"[Kong]UpStream registered:{upStream.Name} Target:{target.Target}");// app.UseKongHealthChecks(upStream, onExecuter);}var kongServices = PassportConfig.GetSection("Kong:Services").Get<ServiceInfo[]>();var kongRoutes = PassportConfig.GetSection("Kong:Routes").Get<RouteInfo[]>();if (kongServices?.Length > 0 == true){foreach (var item in kongServices){item.Updated_at = DateTime.Now;item.Path = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item.Path) ? null : item.Path;client.Service.UpdateOrCreate(item).Wait();PassportConsole.Success($"[Kong]Service registered:{item.Name}");}}if (kongRoutes?.Length > 0 == true){foreach (var item in kongRoutes){item.Updated_at = DateTime.Now;client.Route.UpdateOrCreate(item).Wait();PassportConsole.Success($"[Kong]Route registered:{item.Name}");}}}return services;
}
逻辑也简单,也是调用kong配置把本该手工配置的路由,分别调用upstream、service、route Api修改配置。有区别的是程序退出时不会去删对应的路由;
总结
我在各技术博客都没有看到总结的比较好的kong+consul+asp.net core的集成文章,特此总结。期待您的点赞留意;
[参考]
https://docs.konghq.com/
https://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/11942691.html
https://github.com/lianggx/Kong.Net
https://www.consul.io/docs
文章博客园地址请点击“阅读原文”