GenericAPIView

1.视图层类使用GenericAPIView继承，能简化类里的方法code。

2.简化后的方法code格式基本通用，简单修改即可应用到其他类。

一、class开始加入

    queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializer

二、方法里获取对象

a.查询一个使用，如需要pk值查询

book = self.get_object()

b.查询多个，如获取所有对象

 book = self.get_queryset()

c.序列化方法使用self.get_serializer()

括号内原来是什么参数，就写什么参数，如

instance=book, data=request.data，

many=True

三、代码views.py

from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer,BookModelSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
# 自己学的response
from app01.utils import MyResponse# 基于GenericAPIView
class BookView(GenericAPIView):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializerdef get(self, request, pk):book = self.get_object()book_ser = self.get_serializer(book)return Response(book_ser.data)def put(self, request, pk):response = MyResponse()book = self.get_object()book_ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)# 要数据验证if book_ser.is_valid():  # 返回True 表示验证通过book_ser.save()response.data = book_ser.dataelse:response.status= 101response.msg = '数据校验失败'response.data= book_ser.errorsreturn Response(response.get_dic)def delete(self, request, pk):ret = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})class BooksView(GenericAPIView):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializer# 使用封装responsedef get(self, request):response=MyResponse()book = self.get_queryset()book_ser = self.get_serializer(book, many=True)  # 序列化多条。 如果一条，不需要写response.data = book_ser.datareturn Response(response.get_dic)# 新增def post(self, request):response=MyResponse()# 新增没有instance，只有databook_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)# 如果没有data=，会报错。第一个参数是instance# book_ser = BookSerializer(request.data)# 校验字段if book_ser.is_valid():book_ser.save()response.data = book_ser.dataelse:response.status = 102response.msg = '新增数据校验失败'response.data = book_ser.datareturn Response(response.get_dic)

5个视图扩展类

分别如下，

ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin

from app01.models import Book
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin# 5个扩展类
class Books3View(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializerdef get(self,request):return self.list(request)def post(self,request):return self.create(request)class Book3DetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializerdef get(self,request,pk):return self.retrieve(request,pk)def put(self,request,pk):return self.update(request,pk)def delete(self,request,pk):return self.destroy(request,pk)

GenericAPIView的视图子类 9个

create，update等对应方法可以单独继承，也有组合的类继承，所以有9个。

# 基于 GenericAPIView的视图子类9个
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,UpdateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView# class Books4View(ListAPIView,CreateAPIView):
class Books4View(ListCreateAPIView):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializer# class Book4DetailView(UpdateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView):
class Book4DetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializer

ModelViewSet

简写成一个class，路由需要特别写法。

urls.py

  path('books5/', views.Books5View.as_view(actions={'get':'list','post':'create'})),re_path('^books5/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Books5View.as_view(actions={'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),

views.py

# 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class Books5View(ModelViewSet):queryset = Book.objectsserializer_class = BookModelSerializer

使用ViewSetMixin 自定义方法名字

path('books6/', views.Books6View.as_view(actions={'get': 'get_all_book'})),

# 使用ViewSetMixin 自定义方法名字
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin# ViewSetMixin一定放在前面，重写as_view方法
class Books6View(ViewSetMixin,GenericAPIView):def get_all_book(self,request):books = Book.objects.all()book_ser = BookSerializer(books, many=True)return Response(book_ser.data)