PHP 发送Email的几种方法

转载链接：http://blog.009it.com/php/75.html

在php中发送Email可以直接调用系统的mail()函数来完成，但是前提是你在php.ini文件中对mail都已经配置好了，以下为相关的配置信息：

[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25; For Win32 only.
;sendmail_from = me@example.com; For Unix only.  You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i").
;sendmail_path =; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters
; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of
; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode.
;mail.force_extra_parameters =

Mail 配置选项

名称默认描述可更改

SMTP "localhost" Windows 专用：SMTP 服务器的 DNS 名称或 IP 地址。 PHP_INI_ALL

smtp_port "25" Windows 专用：SMTP 段口号。自 PHP 4.3 起可用。 PHP_INI_ALL

sendmail_from NULL

Windows 专用：规定从 PHP 发送的邮件中使用的 "from"

地址。

PHP_INI_ALL

sendmail_path NULL Unix 系统专用：规定sendmail 程序的路径（通常 /usr/sbin/sendmail 或 /usr/lib/sendmail） PHP_INI_SYSTEM

上面写的很清楚，要是windows的服务器，必须装好开启本地的smtp服务器，在linux和unix下，要用到sendmail，所以得配置好sendmail，根据自己的实际情况选择适当的配置信息。

mail()函数如果邮件的投递被成功地接收，则返回 true，否则返回 false，语法：

mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers,$parameters)

参数描述

$to 必需。规定邮件的接收者。

$subject 必需。规定邮件的主题。该参数不能包含任何换行字符。

$message 必需。规定要发送的消息。

$headers 必需。规定额外的报头，比如 From, Cc 以及 Bcc。

$parameters 必需。规定 sendmail 程序的额外参数。

简单的发封邮件，代码如下：

<?php$txt = "First line of text\nSecond line of text";// 如果一行大于 70 个字符，请使用 wordwrap()。
$txt = wordwrap($txt,70);// 发送邮件
mail("somebody@example.com","My subject",$txt);
?>

如果是一封带HTML格式的Email则代码如下：

<?php$to = "somebody@example.com, somebodyelse@example.com";
$subject = "HTML email";$message = "
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML email</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This email contains HTML Tags!</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
";// 当发送 HTML 电子邮件时，请始终设置 content-type
$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-type:text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" . "\r\n";// 更多报头
$headers .= 'From: <webmaster@example.com>' . "\r\n";
$headers .= 'Cc: myboss@example.com' . "\r\n";mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers);
?>

函数很简单，看似很好用，但是实际上局限性很明显，必须是在本地的开启smtp的情况下，而且经过测试成功率不是很高，所以程序中很少有人用到mail()函数来发邮件。

如果要扩展功能的话，还得重新构造，网上也有好多现成的类可以直接调用来实现，其实就是靠fsockopen来进行连接smtp，下面的代码是个思路：

<?php
/**名称：smtpsend . class . php功能:邮件发送类, 实现邮件发送功能, 可以发送html邮件；可验证用户是否具有发送权限；可实现从任意服务器邮箱发送邮件，并非局限于本机。 $smtpserver;SMTP服务器 $smtpserverport;SMTP服务器端口 $smtpuser;SMTP服务器的用户帐号 $smtppass;SMTP服务器的用户密码 $fromMail;SMTP服务器的用户邮箱 $toMail;发送给谁 $subject;邮件主题 $content;邮件内容 $mailtype;邮件格式（HTML / TXT）, TXT为文本邮件 
*/class smtpclass {function smtp($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 25, $auth = false, $user, $pass) {$this->debug = FALSE;$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;$this->relay_host = $relay_host;$this->time_out = 60; //is used in fsockopen()$this->auth = $auth; //auth$this->user = $user;$this->pass = $pass;$this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command$this->log_file = "";$this->sock = FALSE;}/* Main Function */function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $returnpath = "", $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "") {$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));$body = ereg_replace("(^|(\r\n))(\.)", "\1.\3", $body);$header = "";if (isset($returnpath) && $returnpath != "") {$header.= "Reply-To:" . $returnpath . "\r\n";}$header.= "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";if ($mailtype == "HTML") {$header.= 'Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312' . "\r\n";}$header.= "To: " . $to . "\r\n";if ($cc != "") {$header.= "Cc: " . $cc . "\r\n";}$header.= "From: $from<" . $from . ">\r\n";$header.= "Subject: " . $subject . "\r\n";$header.= $additional_headers;$header.= "Date: " . date("r") . "\r\n";$header.= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/" . phpversion() . ")\r\n";list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());$header.= "Message-ID: <" . date("YmdHis", $sec) . "." . ($msec * 1000000) . "." . $mail_from . ">\r\n";$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));if ($cc != "") {$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));}if ($bcc != "") {$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));}$sent = TRUE;foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to " . $rcpt_to . "\n");$sent = FALSE;continue;}if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {$this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <" . $rcpt_to . ">\n");} else {$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <" . $rcpt_to . ">\n");$sent = FALSE;}fclose($this->sock);$this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n");}return $sent;}/* Private Functions */function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "") {if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");}//authif ($this->auth) {if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");}if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");}}//if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<" . $from . ">")) {return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command");}if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<" . $to . ">")) {return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command");}if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command");}if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {return $this->smtp_error("sending message");}if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {return $this->smtp_error("sending <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]");}if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command");}return TRUE;}function smtp_sockopen($address) {if ($this->relay_host == "") {return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);} else {return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();}}function smtp_sockopen_relay() {$this->log_write("Trying to " . $this->relay_host . ":" . $this->smtp_port . "\n");$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host " . $this->relay_host . "\n");$this->log_write("Error: " . $errstr . " (" . $errno . ")\n");return FALSE;}$this->log_write("Connected to relay host " . $this->relay_host . "\n");return TRUE;}function smtp_sockopen_mx($address) {$domain = ereg_replace("^.+@([^@]+)$", "\1", $address);if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {$this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX \"" . $domain . "\"\n");return FALSE;}foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {$this->log_write("Trying to " . $host . ":" . $this->smtp_port . "\n");$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {$this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host " . $host . "\n");$this->log_write("Error: " . $errstr . " (" . $errno . ")\n");continue;}$this->log_write("Connected to mx host " . $host . "\n");return TRUE;}$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (" . implode(", ", $MXHOSTS) . ")\n");return FALSE;}function smtp_message($header, $body) {fputs($this->sock, $header . "\r\n" . $body);$this->smtp_debug("> " . str_replace("\r\n", "\n" . "> ", $header . "\n> " . $body . "\n> "));return TRUE;}function smtp_eom() {fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");return $this->smtp_ok();}function smtp_ok() {$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));$this->smtp_debug($response . "\n");if (!ereg("^[23]", $response)) {fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");fgets($this->sock, 512);$this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned \"" . $response . "\"\n");return FALSE;}return TRUE;}function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "") {if ($arg != "") {if ($cmd == "") $cmd = $arg;else $cmd = $cmd . " " . $arg;}fputs($this->sock, $cmd . "\r\n");$this->smtp_debug("> " . $cmd . "\n");return $this->smtp_ok();}function smtp_error($string) {$this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while " . $string . ".\n");return FALSE;}function log_write($message) {$this->smtp_debug($message);if ($this->log_file == "") {return TRUE;}$message = date("M d H:i:s ") . get_current_user() . "[" . getmypid() . "]: " . $message;if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {$this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file \"" . $this->log_file . "\"\n");return FALSE;;}flock($fp, LOCK_EX);fputs($fp, $message);fclose($fp);return TRUE;}function strip_comment($address) {$comment = "\([^()]*\)";while (ereg($comment, $address)) {$address = ereg_replace($comment, "", $address);}return $address;}function get_address($address) {$address = ereg_replace("([ \t\r\n])+", "", $address);$address = ereg_replace("^.*<(.+)>.*$", "\1", $address);return $address;}function smtp_debug($message) {if ($this->debug) {echo $message;}}function senduserMail($smtpserver, $smtpserverport = 25, $smtpuser, $smtppass, $fromMail, $toMail, $subject, $content, $mailtype = 'HTML') {if ($fromMail == "") {die("发件人不能为空！");}if ($smtpuser == "") {die("用户名不能为空！");}if ($smtppass == "") {die("用户密码不能为空！");}if ($subject == "") {die("标题不能为空！");}if ($toMail == "") {die("收件人不能为空！");}if ($content == "") {die("内容不能为空！");}$smtpserver = $smtpserver; //SMTP服务器$smtpserverport = $smtpserverport; //SMTP服务器端口$smtpuser = $smtpuser; //SMTP服务器的用户帐号$smtppass = $smtppass; //SMTP服务器的用户密码$smtpusermail = $fromMail; //SMTP服务器的用户邮箱$smtpemailto = $toMail; //发送给谁$mailsubject = $subject; //邮件主题$mailbody = $content; //邮件内容$mailtype = $mailtype; //邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件$this->smtp($smtpserver, $smtpserverport, true, $smtpuser, $smtppass); //这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证.//$smtp->debug = TRUE;//是否显示发送的调试信息$this->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailsubject, $mailbody, $mailtype);}
}
//$smtp = new smtpclass();
//$smtp->senduserMail("mail.163.com",25,"用户名","密码","xxx@xxx.com.cn","xx@xx.com","测试","测试一下","TXT");?>

以上在网上看到的，其实具体的方法都是大同小异，用的很多的是一个开源的叫phpmailer，很方便的。用搜索引擎搜下然后下载就行。

这里贴出phpmailer的测试代码：

<?php
require ("class.phpmailer.php");
require ("class.smtp.php");
//以下是实例:
$mail = new phpmailer(); //建立邮件发送类
$address = xxx@xxx . com;
$mail->IsSMTP(); // 使用SMTP方式发送
$mail->Host = "mail.xxx.com"; // 您的企业邮局域名
$mail->SMTPAuth = false; // 启用SMTP验证功能
$mail->Username = "xxx"; // 邮局用户名(请填写完整的email地址)
$mail->Password = "xxx"; // 邮局密码
$mail->From = "xxxx@xxxx.cn"; //邮件发送者email地址
$mail->FromName = "您的名称";
$mail->AddAddress("$address", ""); //收件人地址，可以替换成任何想要接收邮件的email信箱,格式是AddAddress("收件人email","收件人姓名")
//$mail->AddReplyTo("", "");
//$mail->AddAttachment("/var/tmp/file.tar.gz"); // 添加附件
//$mail->IsHTML(true); // set email format to HTML //是否使用HTML格式
$mail->Subject = "PHPMailer测试邮件"; //邮件标题
$mail->Body = "Hello,这是测试邮件"; //邮件内容
$mail->AltBody = "This is the body in plain text for non-HTML mail clients"; //附加信息，可以省略
if (!$mail->Send()) {echo "邮件发送失败. <p>";echo "错误原因: " . $mail->ErrorInfo;exit;
}
echo "邮件发送成功";
?>