学习率衰减，通常我们英文也叫做scheduler。本文学习率衰减自定义，通过2种方法实现自定义，一是利用lambda，另外一个是继承pytorch的lr_scheduler

import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim import *
from torchvision import models

class Net(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(Net,self).__init__()self.fc = nn.Linear(1, 10)def forward(self,x):return self.fc(x)

余弦退火

1. 当T_max=20

lrs = []
model = Net()
LR = 0.01
epochs = 100
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=20, eta_min=1e-9)
for epoch in range(epochs): optimizer.step()lrs.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])scheduler.step()plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))   
plt.plot(lrs, color='r')
plt.text(0, lrs[0], str(lrs[0]))
plt.text(epochs, lrs[-1], str(lrs[-1]))
plt.show()

2. 当T_max = epochs，这就是我们经常用到的弦退火的 scheduler，下面再来看看带Warm-up的

lrs = []
model = Net()
LR = 0.01
epochs = 100
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=epochs, eta_min=1e-9)
for epoch in range(epochs): optimizer.step()lrs.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])scheduler.step()plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))   
plt.plot(lrs, color='r')
plt.text(0, lrs[0], str(lrs[0]))
plt.text(epochs, lrs[-1], str(lrs[-1]))
plt.show()

WarmUp

下面来看看 Pytorch定义的余弦退货的公式如下
$$\begin{array}{rlr}{\eta }_t& ={\eta }_{min}+\frac{1}{2}({\eta }_{max}-{\eta }_{min})\left(1+\cos \left(\frac{T_{cur}}{T_{max}}\pi \right)\right),& T_{cur}\ne (2k+1)T_{max};\\ {\eta }_{t+1}& ={\eta }_t+\frac{1}{2}({\eta }_{max}-{\eta }_{min})\left(1-\cos \left(\frac{1}{T_{max}}\pi \right)\right),& T_{cur}=(2k+1)T_{max}.\end{array}$$

实际上是用下面的公式做为更新的, 当$T_{cur}=T_{max}$是，$cos$部分为0，所以就等于${\eta }_{min}$

$${\eta }_t={\eta }_{min}+\frac{1}{2}({\eta }_{max}-{\eta }_{min})\left(1+\cos \left(\frac{T_{cur}}{T_{max}}\pi \right)\right)$$

这里直接根据公式的定义来画个图看看

etas = []
epochs = 100
eta_max = 1e-4
eta_min = 1e-9
t_max = epochs / 1
for i in range(epoch):t_cur = ieta = eta_min + 0.5 * (eta_max - eta_min) * (1 + np.cos(np.pi * t_cur / t_max))etas.append(eta)plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))    
plt.plot(range(len(etas)), etas, color='r')
plt.text(epochs, lrs[-1], str(lrs[-1]))
plt.show()

从图上来看，跟上面的余弦退化是一样的，眼尖的都会发现lr_min 不等于eta_min=1e-9

利用Lambda来定义的

有个较小的bug（也不算，在description里有指出）

def warm_up_cosine_lr_scheduler(optimizer, epochs=100, warm_up_epochs=5, eta_min=1e-9):"""Description:- Warm up cosin learning rate scheduler, first epoch lr is too smallArguments:- optimizer: input optimizer for the training- epochs: int, total epochs for your training, default is 100. NOTE: you should pass correct epochs for your training- warm_up_epochs: int, default is 5, which mean the lr will be warm up for 5 epochs. if warm_up_epochs=0, means no needto warn up, will be as cosine lr scheduler- eta_min: float, setup ConsinAnnealingLR eta_min while warm_up_epochs = 0Returns:- scheduler"""if warm_up_epochs <= 0:scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=epochs, eta_min=eta_min)else:warm_up_with_cosine_lr = lambda epoch: eta_min + (epoch / warm_up_epochs) if epoch <= warm_up_epochs else 0.5 * (np.cos((epoch - warm_up_epochs) / (epochs - warm_up_epochs) * np.pi) + 1)scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=warm_up_with_cosine_lr)return scheduler

# warm up consin lr scheduler
lrs = []
model = Net()
LR = 1e-4
warm_up_epochs = 30
epochs = 100
optimizer = SGD(model.parameters(), lr=LR)scheduler = warm_up_cosine_lr_scheduler(optimizer, warm_up_epochs=warm_up_epochs, eta_min=1e-9)for epoch in range(epochs):optimizer.step()lrs.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])scheduler.step()plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))  ![请添加图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/566b2c036b4a44598ae2a5a0548f2550.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAamFzbmVpaw==,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)plt.plot(lrs, color='r')
plt.text(0, lrs[0], str(lrs[0]))
plt.text(epochs, lrs[-1], str(lrs[-1]))
plt.show()

从图上看，第一个lr非常非常小，导致训练时的，第一个epoch基本上不更新

继承lr_scheduler的类

class WarmupCosineLR(lr_scheduler._LRScheduler):def __init__(self, optimizer, lr_min, lr_max, warm_up=0, T_max=10, start_ratio=0.1):"""Description:- get warmup consine lr schedulerArguments:- optimizer: (torch.optim.*), torch optimizer- lr_min: (float), minimum learning rate- lr_max: (float), maximum learning rate- warm_up: (int),  warm_up epoch or iteration- T_max: (int), maximum epoch or iteration- start_ratio: (float), to control epoch 0 lr, if ratio=0, then epoch 0 lr is lr_minExample:<<< epochs = 100<<< warm_up = 5<<< cosine_lr = WarmupCosineLR(optimizer, 1e-9, 1e-3, warm_up, epochs)<<< lrs = []<<< for epoch in range(epochs):<<<     optimizer.step()<<<     lrs.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])<<<     cosine_lr.step()<<< plt.plot(lrs, color='r')<<< plt.show()"""self.lr_min = lr_minself.lr_max = lr_maxself.warm_up = warm_upself.T_max = T_maxself.start_ratio = start_ratioself.cur = 0    # current epoch or iterationsuper().__init__(optimizer, -1)def get_lr(self):if (self.warm_up == 0) & (self.cur == 0):lr = self.lr_maxelif (self.warm_up != 0) & (self.cur <= self.warm_up):if self.cur == 0:lr = self.lr_min + (self.lr_max - self.lr_min) * (self.cur + self.start_ratio) / self.warm_upelse:lr = self.lr_min + (self.lr_max - self.lr_min) * (self.cur) / self.warm_up# print(f'{self.cur} -> {lr}')else:            # this works finelr = self.lr_min + (self.lr_max - self.lr_min) * 0.5 *\(np.cos((self.cur - self.warm_up) / (self.T_max - self.warm_up) * np.pi) + 1)self.cur += 1return [lr for base_lr in self.base_lrs]

# class
epochs = 100
warm_up = 5
cosine_lr = WarmupCosineLR(optimizer, 1e-9, 1e-3, warm_up, epochs, 0.1)
lrs = []
for epoch in range(epochs):optimizer.step()lrs.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])cosine_lr.step()plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))   
plt.plot(lrs, color='r')
plt.text(0, lrs[0], str(lrs[0]))
plt.text(epochs, lrs[-1], str(lrs[-1]))
plt.show()

从图上看出，第一个epoch的lr也不至于非常非常小了，达到了所需预期，当然，如果你说first epoch的lr，你也需要非常非常小(<1e-8)，你也可以自己尝试其它值。