一、在 .NET 中生成
1、直接用.NET Framework 提供的 Guid() 函数,此种方法使用非常广泛。GUID(全局统一标识符)是指在一台机器上生成的数字,它保证对在同一时空中的任何两台计算机都不会生成重复的 GUID 值(即保证所有机器都是唯一的)。关于GUID的介绍在此不作具体熬述,想深入了解可以自行查阅MSDN。代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 {class Program{static void Main(string[] args){string _guid = GetGuid();Console.WriteLine("唯一码:{0}\t长度为:{1}\n去掉连接符:{2}", _guid, _guid.Length, _guid.Replace("-", ""));string uniqueIdString = GuidTo16String();Console.WriteLine("唯一码:{0}\t长度为:{1}", uniqueIdString, uniqueIdString.Length);long uniqueIdLong = GuidToLongID();Console.WriteLine("唯一码:{0}\t长度为:{1}", uniqueIdLong, uniqueIdLong.ToString().Length);}/// <summary>/// 由连字符分隔的32位数字/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private static string GetGuid(){System.Guid guid = new Guid();guid = Guid.NewGuid();return guid.ToString();}/// <summary> /// 根据GUID获取16位的唯一字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name=\"guid\"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GuidTo16String(){long i = 1;foreach (byte b in Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray())i *= ((int)b + 1);return string.Format("{0:x}", i - DateTime.Now.Ticks);}/// <summary> /// 根据GUID获取19位的唯一数字序列 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static long GuidToLongID(){byte[] buffer = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);} } }
2、用 DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms") 和 .NET Framework 提供的 RNGCryptoServiceProvider() 结合生成,代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace ConsoleApplication1 {class Program{static void Main(string[] args){string uniqueNum = GenerateOrderNumber();Console.WriteLine("唯一码:{0}\t 长度为:{1}", uniqueNum, uniqueNum.Length);//测试是否会生成重复Console.WriteLine("时间+RNGCryptoServiceProvider()结合生成的唯一值,如下:");string _tempNum = string.Empty;for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){string uNum = GenerateOrderNumber();Console.WriteLine(uNum);if (string.Equals(uNum, _tempNum)){Console.WriteLine("上值存在重复,按Enter键继续");Console.ReadKey();}//Sleep当前线程,是为了延时,从而不产生重复值。可以把它注释掉测试看Thread.Sleep(300);_tempNum = uNum;}}/// <summary>/// 唯一订单号生成/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public static string GenerateOrderNumber(){string strDateTimeNumber = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms");string strRandomResult = NextRandom(1000, 1).ToString();return strDateTimeNumber + strRandomResult;}/// <summary>/// 参考:msdn上的RNGCryptoServiceProvider例子/// </summary>/// <param name="numSeeds"></param>/// <param name="length"></param>/// <returns></returns>private static int NextRandom(int numSeeds, int length){// Create a byte array to hold the random value. byte[] randomNumber = new byte[length];// Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider. System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider();// Fill the array with a random value. rng.GetBytes(randomNumber);// Convert the byte to an uint value to make the modulus operation easier. uint randomResult = 0x0;for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){randomResult |= ((uint)randomNumber[i] << ((length - 1 - i) * 8));}return (int)(randomResult % numSeeds) + 1;}} }
3、用 [0-9A-Z] + Guid.NewGuid() 结合生成特定位数的唯一字符串,代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program{static void Main(string[] args){string uniqueText = GenerateUniqueText(8);Console.WriteLine("唯一码:{0}\t 长度为:{1}", uniqueText, uniqueText.Length);//测试是否会生成重复 Console.WriteLine("由[0-9A-Z] + NewGuid() 结合生成的唯一值,如下:");IList<string> list = new List<string>();for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++){string _uT = GenerateUniqueText(8);Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, _uT);if (list.Contains(_uT)){Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", _uT);Console.ReadKey();}list.Add(_uT);//if (i % 200 == 0)//{//Console.WriteLine("没有重复,按Enter键往下看");//Console.ReadKey();//} }list.Clear();}/// <summary>/// 生成特定位数的唯一字符串/// </summary>/// <param name="num">特定位数</param>/// <returns></returns>public static string GenerateUniqueText(int num){string randomResult = string.Empty;string readyStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";char[] rtn = new char[num];Guid gid = Guid.NewGuid();var ba = gid.ToByteArray();for (var i = 0; i < num; i++){rtn[i] = readyStr[((ba[i] + ba[num + i]) % 35)];}foreach (char r in rtn){randomResult += r;}return randomResult;}} }
4、用单例模式实现,由[0-9a-z]组合生成的唯一值,此文不讨论单例模式的多种实现方式与性能问题,随便弄一种方式实现,代码如下:
Program.cs 程序:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Collections; using System.Xml; namespace ConsoleApplication4 {class Program{static void Main(string[] args){CreateID createID = CreateID.GetInstance();//测试是否会生成重复 Console.WriteLine("单例模式实现,由[0-9a-z]组合生成的唯一值,如下:");IList<string> list = new List<string>();for (int i = 1; i <= 1000000000; i++){string strUniqueNum = createID.CreateUniqueID();Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", list.Count, strUniqueNum);if (list.Contains(strUniqueNum)){Console.WriteLine("{0}值存在重复", strUniqueNum);Console.ReadKey();}list.Add(strUniqueNum);if (i % 200 == 0){Console.WriteLine("没有重复,按Enter键往下看");Console.ReadKey();}}list.Clear();}}/// <summary>/// 单例模式实现/// 唯一值由[0-9a-z]组合而成,且生成的每个ID不能重复/// </summary>public class CreateID{private static CreateID _instance;private static readonly object syncRoot = new object();private EHashtable hashtable = new EHashtable();private string _strXMLURL = string.Empty;private CreateID(){hashtable.Add("0", "0");hashtable.Add("1", "1");hashtable.Add("2", "2");hashtable.Add("3", "3");hashtable.Add("4", "4");hashtable.Add("5", "5");hashtable.Add("6", "6");hashtable.Add("7", "7");hashtable.Add("8", "8");hashtable.Add("9", "9");hashtable.Add("10", "a");hashtable.Add("11", "b");hashtable.Add("12", "c");hashtable.Add("13", "d");hashtable.Add("14", "e");hashtable.Add("15", "f");hashtable.Add("16", "g");hashtable.Add("17", "h");hashtable.Add("18", "i");hashtable.Add("19", "j");hashtable.Add("20", "k");hashtable.Add("21", "l");hashtable.Add("22", "m");hashtable.Add("23", "n");hashtable.Add("24", "o");hashtable.Add("25", "p");hashtable.Add("26", "q");hashtable.Add("27", "r");hashtable.Add("28", "s");hashtable.Add("29", "t");hashtable.Add("30", "u");hashtable.Add("31", "v");hashtable.Add("32", "w");hashtable.Add("33", "x");hashtable.Add("34", "y");hashtable.Add("35", "z");_strXMLURL = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(@"..\..\") + "XMLs\\record.xml";}public static CreateID GetInstance(){if (_instance == null){lock (syncRoot){if (_instance == null){_instance = new CreateID();}}}return _instance;}/// <summary>/// 创建UniqueID/// </summary>/// <returns>UniqueID</returns>public string CreateUniqueID(){long _uniqueid = GetGuidFromXml();return Convert10To36(_uniqueid);}/// <summary>/// 获取UniqueID总记录,即获取得到的这个ID是第几个ID/// 更新UniqueID使用的个数,用于下次使用/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private long GetGuidFromXml(){long record = 0;XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();xmldoc.Load(_strXMLURL);XmlElement rootNode = xmldoc.DocumentElement;//此次的个数值record = Convert.ToInt64(rootNode["record"].InnerText);//此次的个数值+1 == 下次的个数值rootNode["record"].InnerText = Convert.ToString(record + 1);xmldoc.Save(_strXMLURL);return record;}/// <summary>/// 10进制转36进制/// </summary>/// <param name="intNum10">10进制数</param>/// <returns></returns>private string Convert10To36(long intNum10){string strNum36 = string.Empty;long result = intNum10 / 36;long remain = intNum10 % 36;if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;intNum10 = result;while (intNum10 / 36 != 0){result = intNum10 / 36;remain = intNum10 % 36;if (hashtable.ContainsKey(remain.ToString()))strNum36 = hashtable[remain.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;intNum10 = result;}if (intNum10 > 0 && intNum10 < 36){if (hashtable.ContainsKey(intNum10.ToString()))strNum36 = hashtable[intNum10.ToString()].ToString() + strNum36;}return strNum36;}}/// <summary>/// Summary description for EHashTable/// </summary>public class EHashtable : Hashtable{private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();public override void Add(object key, object value){base.Add(key, value);list.Add(key);}public override void Clear(){base.Clear();list.Clear();}public override void Remove(object key){base.Remove(key);list.Remove(key);}public override ICollection Keys{get{return list;}}} }
XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <root><record id="record">1</record> </root>
二、在JS中生成GUID,类似.NET中的 Guid.NewGuid(),代码如下:
function newGuid() { //方法一:var guid = "";var n = (((1 + Math.random()) * 0x10000) | 0).toString(16).substring(1);for (var i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {guid += n;}return guid; } function newGuid() { //方法二:var guid = "";for (var i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {var n = Math.floor(Math.random() * 16.0).toString(16);guid += n;if ((i == 8) || (i == 12) || (i == 16) || (i == 20))guid += "-";}return guid; }
三、在SQL存储过程生成GUID,代码如下:
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[pro_CreateGuid] @Prefix NVARCHAR(10),@outputV_guid NVARCHAR(40) OUTPUT AS BEGIN-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from-- interfering with SELECT statements.SET NOCOUNT ON;-- Insert statements for procedure hereSET @outputV_guid = @Prefix + REPLACE(CAST(NEWID() AS VARCHAR(36)),'-','') END
参考:http://www.jb51.net/article/43823.htm
以下我整理了一份dotnet使用的GUID库:
/// <summary>/// Guid生成工具/// </summary>public class GuidHelper{/// <summary>/// 由连字符分隔的32位数字/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>private static string GetGuid(){System.Guid guid = new Guid();guid = Guid.NewGuid();return guid.ToString();}/// <summary> /// 根据GUID获取16位的唯一字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name=\"guid\"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GuidTo16String(){long i = 1;foreach (byte b in Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray())i *= ((int)b + 1);return string.Format("{0:x}", i - DateTime.Now.Ticks);}/// <summary> /// 根据GUID获取19位的唯一数字序列 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static long GuidToLongID(){byte[] buffer = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);}/// <summary>/// 唯一订单号生成/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public static string GenerateOrderNumber(){string strDateTimeNumber = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssms");string strRandomResult = NextRandom(1000, 1).ToString();return strDateTimeNumber + strRandomResult;}/// <summary>/// 参考:msdn上的RNGCryptoServiceProvider例子/// </summary>/// <param name="numSeeds"></param>/// <param name="length"></param>/// <returns></returns>private static int NextRandom(int numSeeds, int length){// Create a byte array to hold the random value. byte[] randomNumber = new byte[length];// Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider. System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider();// Fill the array with a random value. rng.GetBytes(randomNumber);// Convert the byte to an uint value to make the modulus operation easier. uint randomResult = 0x0;for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){randomResult |= ((uint)randomNumber[i] << ((length - 1 - i) * 8));}return (int)(randomResult % numSeeds) + 1;}/// <summary>/// 生成特定位数的唯一字符串/// </summary>/// <param name="num">特定位数</param>/// <returns></returns>public static string GenerateUniqueText(int num){string randomResult = string.Empty;string readyStr = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";char[] rtn = new char[num];Guid gid = Guid.NewGuid();var ba = gid.ToByteArray();for (var i = 0; i < num; i++){rtn[i] = readyStr[((ba[i] + ba[num + i]) % 35)];}foreach (char r in rtn){randomResult += r;}return randomResult;}
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