Vue2 源码漫游(一)
描述:
Vue框架中的基本原理可能大家都基本了解了,但是还没有漫游一下源码。
所以,觉得还是有必要跑一下。
由于是代码漫游,所以大部分为关键性代码,以主线路和主要分支的代码为主,大部分理解都写在代码注释中。
一、代码主线
文件结构1-->4,代码执行顺序4-->1
1.platforms/web/entry-runtime.js/index.js
web不同平台入口;
/* @flow */import Vue from './runtime/index'export default Vue
2.runtime/index.js
为Vue配置一些属性方法
/* @flow */import Vue from 'core/index'
import config from 'core/config'
import { extend, noop } from 'shared/util'
import { mountComponent } from 'core/instance/lifecycle'
import { devtools, inBrowser, isChrome } from 'core/util/index'import {query,mustUseProp,isReservedTag,isReservedAttr,getTagNamespace,isUnknownElement
} from 'web/util/index'import { patch } from './patch'
import platformDirectives from './directives/index'
import platformComponents from './components/index'// install platform specific utils
Vue.config.mustUseProp = mustUseProp
Vue.config.isReservedTag = isReservedTag
Vue.config.isReservedAttr = isReservedAttr
Vue.config.getTagNamespace = getTagNamespace
Vue.config.isUnknownElement = isUnknownElement// install platform runtime directives & components
extend(Vue.options.directives, platformDirectives)
extend(Vue.options.components, platformComponents)// install platform patch function
Vue.prototype.__patch__ = inBrowser ? patch : noop// public mount method
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (el?: string | Element,hydrating?: boolean
): Component {el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefinedreturn mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}// devtools global hook
/* istanbul ignore next */
Vue.nextTick(() => {if (config.devtools) {if (devtools) {devtools.emit('init', Vue)} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && isChrome) {console[console.info ? 'info' : 'log']('Download the Vue Devtools extension for a better development experience:\n' +'https://github.com/vuejs/vue-devtools')}}if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&config.productionTip !== false &&inBrowser && typeof console !== 'undefined') {console[console.info ? 'info' : 'log'](`You are running Vue in development mode.\n` +`Make sure to turn on production mode when deploying for production.\n` +`See more tips at https://vuejs.org/guide/deployment.html`)}
}, 0)export default Vue
3.core/index.js
/* @flow */import config from '../config'
import { initUse } from './use'
import { initMixin } from './mixin'
import { initExtend } from './extend'
import { initAssetRegisters } from './assets'
import { set, del } from '../observer/index'
import { ASSET_TYPES } from 'shared/constants'
import builtInComponents from '../components/index'import {warn,extend,nextTick,mergeOptions,defineReactive
} from '../util/index'export function initGlobalAPI (Vue: GlobalAPI) {// 重写config,创建了一个configDef对象,最终目的是为了Object.defineProperty(Vue, 'config', configDef)const configDef = {}configDef.get = () => configif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {configDef.set = () => {warn('Do not replace the Vue.config object, set individual fields instead.')}}Object.defineProperty(Vue, 'config', configDef)// 具体Vue.congfig的具体内容就要看../config文件了// exposed util methods.// NOTE: these are not considered part of the public API - avoid relying on them unless you are aware of the risk.// 添加一些方法,但是该方法并不是公共API的一部分。源码中引入了flow.jsVue.util = {warn, // 查看'../util/debug'extend,//查看'../sharde/util'mergeOptions,//查看'../util/options'defineReactive//查看'../observe/index'}Vue.set = set //查看'../observe/index' Vue.delete = del//查看'../observe/index'Vue.nextTick = nextTick//查看'../util/next-click'.在callbacks中注册回调函数// 创建一个纯净的options对象,添加components、directives、filters属性Vue.options = Object.create(null)ASSET_TYPES.forEach(type => {Vue.options[type + 's'] = Object.create(null)})// this is used to identify the "base" constructor to extend all plain-object// components with in Weex's multi-instance scenarios.Vue.options._base = Vue// ../components/keep-alive.js 拷贝组件对象。该部分最重要的一部分。extend(Vue.options.components, builtInComponents)// Vue.options = {// components : {// KeepAlive : {// name : 'keep-alive',// abstract : true,// created : function created(){},// destoryed : function destoryed(){},// props : {// exclude : [String, RegExp, Array],// includen : [String, RegExp, Array],// max : [String, Number]// },// render : function render(){},// watch : {// exclude : function exclude(){},// includen : function includen(){},// }// },// directives : {},// filters : {},// _base : Vue// }// }// 添加Vue.use方法,使用插件,内部维护一个插件列表_installedPlugins,如果插件有install方法就执行自己的install方法,否则如果plugin是一个function就执行这个方法,传参(this, args)initUse(Vue)// ./mixin.js 添加Vue.mixin方法,this.options = mergeOptions(this.options, mixin),initMixin(Vue)// ./extend.js 添加Vue.cid(每一个够着函数实例都有一个cid,方便缓存),Vue.extend(options)方法initExtend(Vue)// ./assets.js 创建收集方法Vue[type] = function (id: string, definition: Function | Object),其中type : component / directive / filterinitAssetRegisters(Vue)
}
Vue.util对象的部分解释:
Vue.util.warn
warn(msg, vm) 警告方法代码在util/debug.js,
通过var trac = generateComponentTrace(vm)方法vm=vm.$parent递归收集到msg出处。
然后判断是否存在console对象,如果有 console.error([Vue warn]: ${msg}${trace}
)。
如果config.warnHandle存在config.warnHandler.call(null, msg, vm, trace)
-
Vue.util.extend
extend (to: Object, _from: ?Object):Object Object类型浅拷贝方法代码在shared/util.js
-
Vue.util.mergeOptions
合并,vue实例化和实现继承的核心方法,代码在shared/options.jsmergeOptions (parent: Object,child: Object,vm?: Component) 先通过normalizeProps、normalizeInject、normalizeDirectives以Object-base标准化,然后依据strats合并策略进行合并。strats是对data、props、watch、methods等实例化参数的合并策略。除此之外还有defaultStrat默认策略。后期暴露的mixin和Vue.extend()就是从这里出来的。[官网解释][1]
-
Vue.util.defineReactive
大家都知道的数据劫持核心方法,代码在shared/util.jsdefineReactive (obj: Object,key: string,val: any,customSetter?: ?Function,shallow?: boolean)
4.instance/index.js Vue对象生成文件
import { initMixin } from './init'
import { stateMixin } from './state'
import { renderMixin } from './render'
import { eventsMixin } from './events'
import { lifecycleMixin } from './lifecycle'
import { warn } from '../util/index'function Vue (options) {// 判断是否是new调用。if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&!(this instanceof Vue)) {warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')}// 开始初始化this._init(options)
}
// 添加Vue._init(options)内部方法,./init.js
initMixin(Vue)
/*** ./state.js* 添加属性和方法* Vue.prototype.$data * Vue.prototype.$props* Vue.prototype.$watch* Vue.prototype.$set* Vue.prototype.$delete*/
stateMixin(Vue)
/*** ./event.js* 添加实例事件* Vue.prototype.$on* Vue.prototype.$once* Vue.prototype.$off* Vue.prototype.$emit*/
eventsMixin(Vue)
/*** ./lifecycle.js* 添加实例生命周期方法* Vue.prototype._update* Vue.prototype.$forceUpdate* Vue.prototype.$destroy*/
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
/*** ./render.js* 添加实例渲染方法* 通过执行installRenderHelpers(Vue.prototype);为实例添加很多helper* Vue.prototype.$nextTick* Vue.prototype._render*/
renderMixin(Vue)export default Vue
5.instance/init.js
初始化,完成主组件的所有动作的主线。从这儿出发可以理清observer、watcher、compiler 、render等
import config from '../config'
import { initProxy } from './proxy'
import { initState } from './state'
import { initRender } from './render'
import { initEvents } from './events'
import { mark, measure } from '../util/perf'
import { initLifecycle, callHook } from './lifecycle'
import { initProvide, initInjections } from './inject'
import { extend, mergeOptions, formatComponentName } from '../util/index'let uid = 0export function initMixin (Vue: Class<Component>) {Vue.prototype._init = function (options?: Object) {const vm: Component = this// a uidvm._uid = uid++let startTag, endTag/* istanbul ignore if */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {startTag = `vue-perf-start:${vm._uid}`endTag = `vue-perf-end:${vm._uid}`mark(startTag)}// a flag to avoid this being observedvm._isVue = true// merge optionsif (options && options._isComponent) {// optimize internal component instantiation// since dynamic options merging is pretty slow, and none of the// internal component options needs special treatment.initInternalComponent(vm, options)} else {vm.$options = mergeOptions(resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor),options || {},vm)}/* istanbul ignore else */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {initProxy(vm)} else {vm._renderProxy = vm}// expose real selfvm._self = vminitLifecycle(vm)initEvents(vm)/*** 添加vm.$createElement vm.$vnode vm.$slots vm.* 创建vm.$attrs / vm.$listeners 并且转换为getter和setter* */initRender(vm)callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate')initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props vm.$scopedSlots /*** 1、创建 vm._watchers = [];* 2、执行if (opts.props) { initProps(vm, opts.props); } 验证props后调用defineReactive转化,并且代理数据proxy(vm, "_props", key);* 3、执行if (opts.methods) { initMethods(vm, opts.methods); } 然后vm[key] = methods[key] == null ? noop : bind(methods[key], vm);* 4、处理data,* if (opts.data) {* initData(vm);* } else {* observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */);* }* 5、执行initData:* (1)先判断data的属性是否有与methods和props值同名* (2)获取vm.data(如果为function,执行getData(data, vm)),代理proxy(vm, "_data", key);* (3)执行 observe(data, true /* asRootData */);递归观察* 6、完成observe,具体看解释*/initState(vm)initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/propscallHook(vm, 'created')/* istanbul ignore if */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {vm._name = formatComponentName(vm, false)mark(endTag)measure(`vue ${vm._name} init`, startTag, endTag)}if (vm.$options.el) {vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)}}
}
二、observe 响应式数据转换
1.前置方法 observe(value, asRootData)
function observe (value, asRootData) {// 如果value不是是Object 或者是VNode这不用转换if (!isObject(value) || value instanceof VNode) {return}var ob;// 如果已经转换就复用if (hasOwn(value, '__ob__') && value.__ob__ instanceof Observer) {ob = value.__ob__;} else if (//一堆必要的条件判断observerState.shouldConvert &&!isServerRendering() &&(Array.isArray(value) || isPlainObject(value)) &&Object.isExtensible(value) &&!value._isVue) {//这才是observe主体ob = new Observer(value);}if (asRootData && ob) {ob.vmCount++;}return ob
}
2.Observer 类
var Observer = function Observer (value) {// 当asRootData = true时,其实可以将value当做vm.$options.data,后面都这样方便理解this.value = value;/*** 为vm.data创建一个dep实例,可以理解为一个专属事件列表维护对象* 例如: this.dep = { id : 156, subs : [] }* 实例方法: this.dep.__proto__ = { addSub, removeSub, depend, notify, constructor }*/this.dep = new Dep();//记录关联的vm实例的数量this.vmCount = 0;//为vm.data 添加__ob__属性,值为当前observe实例,并且转化为响应式数据。所以看一个value是否为响应式就可以看他有没有__ob__属性def(value, '__ob__', this);//响应式数据转换分为数组、对象两种。if (Array.isArray(value)) {var augment = hasProto? protoAugment: copyAugment;augment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys);this.observeArray(value);} else {//对象的转换,而且walk是Observer的实例方法,请记住this.walk(value);}
};
3.walk
该方法要将vm.data的所有属性都转化为getter/setter模式,所以vm.data只能是Object。数组的转换不一样,这里暂不做讲解。
Observer.prototype.walk = function walk (obj) {// 得到key的列表var keys = Object.keys(obj);for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {//核心方法:定义响应式数据的方法 defineReactive(对象, 属性, 值);这样看是不是就很爽了defineReactive(obj, keys[i], obj[keys[i]]);}
};
4.defineReactive(obj, key, value)
function defineReactive (obj,key,val,customSetter, //自定义setter,为了测试shallow //是否只转换这一个属性后代不管控制参数,false :是,true : 否
) {/*** 又是一个dep实例,其实作用与observe中的dep功能一样,不同点:* 1.observe实例的dep对象是父级vm.data的订阅者维护对象* 2.这个dep是vm.data的属性key的订阅者维护对象,因为val有可能也是对象* 3.这里的dep没有写this.dep是因为defineReactive是一个方法,不是构造函数,所以使用闭包锁在内存中*/var dep = new Dep();// 获取key的属性描述符var property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);// 如果key属性不可设置,则退出该函数if (property && property.configurable === false) {return}// 为了配合那些已经的定义了getter/setter的情况var getter = property && property.get;var setter = property && property.set;//递归,因为没有传asRootData为true,所以vm.data的vmCount是部分计数的。因为它还是属于vm的数据var childOb = !shallow && observe(val);/*** 全部完成后observe也就完成了。但是,每个属性的dep都没启作用。* 这就是所谓的依赖收集了,后面继续。*/Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {enumerable: true,configurable: true,get: function reactiveGetter () {var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val;if (Dep.target) {dep.depend();if (childOb) {childOb.dep.depend();if (Array.isArray(value)) {dependArray(value);}}}return value},set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val;/* eslint-disable no-self-compare */if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {return}/* eslint-enable no-self-compare */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {customSetter();}if (setter) {setter.call(obj, newVal);} else {val = newVal;}childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal);dep.notify();}});
}
三、依赖收集
一些个人理解:1、Watcher 订阅者可以将它理解为,要做什么。具体的体现就是Watcher的第二个参数expOrFn。2、Observer 观察者其实观察的体现就是getter/setter能够观察数据的变化(数组的实现不同)。3、dependency collection 依赖收集订阅者(Watcher)是干事情的,是一些指令、方法、表达式的执行形式。它运行的过程中肯定离不开数据,所以就成了这些数据的依赖项目。因为离不开^_^数据。数据是肯定会变的,那么数据变了就得通知数据的依赖项目(Watcher)让他们再执行一下。依赖同一个数据的依赖项目(Watcher)可能会很多,为了保证能够都通知到,所以需要收集一下。4、Dep 依赖收集器构造函数因为数据是由深度的,在不同的深度有不同的依赖,所以我们需要一个容器来装起来。Dep.target的作用是保证数据在收集依赖项(Watcher)时,watcher是对这个数据依赖的,然后一个个去收集的。
1、Watcher
Watcher (vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
参数:
{string | Function} expOrFn
{Function | Object} callback
{Object} [options]{boolean} deep{boolean} user{boolean} lazy{boolean} sync
在Vue的整个生命周期当中,会有4类地方会实例化Watcher:Vue实例化的过程中有watch选项Vue实例化的过程中有computed计算属性选项Vue原型上有挂载$watch方法: Vue.prototype.$watch,可以直接通过实例调用this.$watch方法Vue生成了render函数,更新视图时Watcher接收的参数当中expOrFn定义了用以获取watcher的getter函数。expOrFn可以有2种类型:string或function.若为string类型,
首先会通过parsePath方法去对string进行分割(仅支持.号形式的对象访问)。在除了computed选项外,其他几种实例化watcher的方式都
是在实例化过程中完成求值及依赖的收集工作:this.value = this.lazy ? undefined : this.get().在Watcher的get方法中:
var Watcher = function Watcher (vm,expOrFn,cb,options
) {this.vm = vm;vm._watchers.push(this);// optionsif (options) {this.deep = !!options.deep;this.user = !!options.user;this.lazy = !!options.lazy;this.sync = !!options.sync;} else {this.deep = this.user = this.lazy = this.sync = false;}//相关属性this.cb = cb;this.id = ++uid$2; // uid for batchingthis.active = true;this.dirty = this.lazy; // for lazy watchers//this.deps = [];this.newDeps = [];//set类型的idsthis.depIds = new _Set();this.newDepIds = new _Set();// 表达式this.expression = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'? expOrFn.toString(): '';// 创建一个getterif (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {this.getter = expOrFn;} else {this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);if (!this.getter) {this.getter = function () {};process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn("Failed watching path: \"" + expOrFn + "\" " +'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +'For full control, use a function instead.',vm);}}this.value = this.lazy? undefined: this.get();//执行get收集依赖项
};
2、Watcher.prototype.get
通过设置观察值(this.value)调用this.get方法,执行this.getter.call(vm, vm),这个过程中只要获取了某个响应式数据。那么肯定会触发该数据的getter方法。因为当前的Dep.target = watcher。所以就将该watcher作为了这个响应数据的依赖项。因为watcher在执行过程中的确需要、使用了它、所以依赖它。
Watcher.prototype.get = function get () {//将这个watcher观察者实例添加到Dep.target,表明当前为this.expressoin的依赖收集时间pushTarget(this);var value;var vm = this.vm;try {/*** 执行this.getter.call(vm, vm):* 1、如果是function则相当于vm.expOrFn(vm),只要在这个方法执行的过程中有从vm上获取属性值的都会触发该属性值的get方法从而完成依赖收集。因为现在Dep.target=this. * 2、如果是字符串(如a.b),那么this.getter.call(vm, vm)就相当于vm.a.b*/ value = this.getter.call(vm, vm);} catch (e) {if (this.user) {handleError(e, vm, ("getter for watcher \"" + (this.expression) + "\""));} else {throw e}} finally {// "touch" every property so they are all tracked as// dependencies for deep watchingif (this.deep) {traverse(value);}popTarget();this.cleanupDeps();}return value
};
3、getter/setter
Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {enumerable: true,configurable: true,get: function reactiveGetter () {var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val;if (Dep.target) {//依赖收集,这里又饶了一圈,看后面的解释dep.depend();if (childOb) {childOb.dep.depend();if (Array.isArray(value)) {dependArray(value);}}}return value},set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val;/* eslint-disable no-self-compare */if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {return}/* eslint-enable no-self-compare */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {customSetter();}if (setter) {setter.call(obj, newVal);} else {val = newVal;}childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal);//数据变动出发所有依赖项dep.notify();}});
- 依赖收集具体动作:
//调用的自己dep的实例方法
Dep.prototype.depend = function depend () {if (Dep.target) {//调用的是当前Watcher实例的addDe方法,并且把dep对象传过去了Dep.target.addDep(this);}
};Watcher.prototype.addDep = function addDep (dep) {var id = dep.id;if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {//为这个watcher统计内部依赖了多少个数据,以及其他公用该数据的watcherthis.newDepIds.add(id);this.newDeps.push(dep);if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {//继续为数据收集依赖项目的步骤dep.addSub(this);}}
};
Dep.prototype.addSub = function addSub (sub) {this.subs.push(sub);
};
- 数据变动出发依赖动作:
Dep.prototype.notify = function notify () {// stabilize the subscriber list firstvar subs = this.subs.slice();for (var i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {subs[i].update();}
};
//对当前watcher的处理
Watcher.prototype.update = function update () {/* istanbul ignore else */if (this.lazy) {this.dirty = true;} else if (this.sync) {this.run();} else {queueWatcher(this);}
};
//把一个观察者推入观察者队列。
//具有重复id的作业将被跳过,除非它是
//当队列被刷新时被推。
export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {const id = watcher.idif (has[id] == null) {has[id] = trueif (!flushing) {queue.push(watcher)} else {// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.let i = queue.length - 1while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {i--}queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)}// queue the flushif (!waiting) {waiting = truenextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)}}
}