ORACLE 19c 统一恢复处于ASM中的CDB含PDB数据文件到某一个文件目录下面

NOCDB情况下，要把ASM中的文件恢复到文件系统，大家都知道分别设置每个文件的路径即可，但如果是租户环境，每个PDB都有不同路径，而且每个PDB都有SYSTEM，SYSAUX等一些表空降，不可能放在同一个目录中，而是放在不同的目录，那恢复时，怎么设置呢？

比如下面数据库以在本地恢复为例，如果是异机恢复，步骤类似：

SYS@orclcdb> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME                      OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
      2 PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY  NO
      3 ORCLPDB                      READ WRITE NO

ORCLCDB,有一个PDB，ORCLPDB,一个PDBSEED，数据文件放在ASM磁盘组DATA中，想整体恢复到文件系统，比如 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCLCDB

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace          RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 1700    SYSTEM             ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/DATAFILE/system.257.1140286827
3 1024    SYSAUX             ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.1140286963
4 1500    UNDOTBS1          ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.1140287029
5 540    PDB$SEED:SYSTEM    ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/system.266.1140289995
6 430    PDB$SEED:SYSAUX    ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/sysaux.267.1140289995
7 5       USERS             ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/DATAFILE/users.260.1140287029
8 215    PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1 ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/86B637B62FE07A65E053F706E80A27CA/DATAFILE/undotbs1.268.1140289995
9 550    ORCLPDB:SYSTEM    ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/DATAFILE/system.272.1140292289
10 500    ORCLPDB:SYSAUX    ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/DATAFILE/sysaux.273.1140292289
11 215    ORCLPDB:UNDOTBS1    ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/DATAFILE/undotbs1.271.1140292289
12 15    ORCLPDB:USERS       ***    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/DATAFILE/users.275.1140292305

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace          Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 500    TEMP                32767    +DATA/ORCLCDB/TEMPFILE/temp.265.1140287089
2 138    PDB$SEED:TEMP       32767    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB1A5B8C146A75E0537885A8C0F418/TEMPFILE/temp.269.1140290063
3 139    ORCLPDB:TEMP       32767    +DATA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/TEMPFILE/temp.274.1140292293

步骤如下：

1.备份

rman >backup database plus archivelog;

2.关闭数据库

sql>shutdown immediate;

3.恢复到文件系统

RMAN>
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
set newname for database "cdb$root" to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/%b';
set newname for database "PDB$SEED" to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/%b';
set newname for database "ORCLPDB" to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/%b';
restore database root database "PDB$SEED" DATABASE "ORCLPDB";
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
recover database;
}
需要注意的是：这里不同的PDB，要对应到不同的目录，需要单独指定PDB，而且，cdb$root要单独指定。

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=613 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=11 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=213 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=414 device type=DISK

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 19-AUG-23

channel c2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c2: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system.257.1140286827
channel c2: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux.258.1140286963
channel c2: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs1.259.1140287029
channel c2: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users.260.1140287029
channel c2: reading from backup piece +FRA/ORCLCDB/BACKUPSET/2023_08_19/nnndf0_tag20230819t170606_0.291.1145293567
channel c3: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c3: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/system.272.1140292289
channel c3: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/sysaux.273.1140292289
channel c3: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/undotbs1.271.1140292289
channel c3: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/users.275.1140292305
channel c3: reading from backup piece +FRA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/BACKUPSET/2023_08_19/nnndf0_tag20230819t170606_0.290.1145293671
channel c1: restoring datafile 00005
input datafile copy RECID=22 STAMP=1144754940 file name=+FRA/ORCLCDB/FECB1A5B8C146A75E0537885A8C0F418/DATAFILE/system.260.1144754939
destination for restore of datafile 00005: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system.266.1140289995
channel c4: restoring datafile 00006
input datafile copy RECID=24 STAMP=1144754946 file name=+FRA/ORCLCDB/FECB1A5B8C146A75E0537885A8C0F418/DATAFILE/sysaux.259.1144754945
destination for restore of datafile 00006: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux.267.1140289995
channel c4: copied datafile copy of datafile 00006, elapsed time: 00:00:45
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux.267.1140289995 RECID=34 STAMP=1145295053
channel c4: restoring datafile 00008
input datafile copy RECID=25 STAMP=1144754949 file name=+FRA/ORCLCDB/FECB1A5B8C146A75E0537885A8C0F418/DATAFILE/undotbs1.268.1144754949
destination for restore of datafile 00008: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs1.268.1140289995
channel c1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00005, elapsed time: 00:01:00
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system.266.1140289995 RECID=36 STAMP=1145295065
channel c3: piece handle=+FRA/ORCLCDB/FECB9F1537517278E0537885A8C0E7DC/BACKUPSET/2023_08_19/nnndf0_tag20230819t170606_0.290.1145293671 tag=TAG20230819T170606
channel c3: restored backup piece 1
channel c3: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:00
channel c4: copied datafile copy of datafile 00008, elapsed time: 00:00:15
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs1.268.1140289995 RECID=38 STAMP=1145295072
channel c2: piece handle=+FRA/ORCLCDB/BACKUPSET/2023_08_19/nnndf0_tag20230819t170606_0.291.1145293567 tag=TAG20230819T170606
channel c2: restored backup piece 1
channel c2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:41
Finished restore at 19-AUG-23

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=41 STAMP=1145295112 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system.257.1140286827
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=42 STAMP=1145295112 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux.258.1140286963
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=43 STAMP=1145295112 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs1.259.1140287029
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=44 STAMP=1145295112 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users.260.1140287029
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=45 STAMP=1145295112 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system.266.1140289995
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=46 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux.267.1140289995
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=47 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs1.268.1140289995
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=48 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/system.272.1140292289
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=49 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/sysaux.273.1140292289
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=50 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/undotbs1.271.1140292289
datafile 12 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=51 STAMP=1145295113 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/users.275.1140292305

Starting recover at 19-AUG-23

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 19-AUG-23
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4

4.打开数据库

RMAN> alter database open；

5.验证数据库数据文件

SYS@orclcdb> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system.257.1140286827
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux.258.1140286963
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs1.259.1140287029
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system.266.1140289995
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux.267.1140289995
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users.260.1140287029
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs1.268.1140289995
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/system.272.1140292289
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/sysaux.273.1140292289
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/undotbs1.271.1140292289
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/orclpdb/users.275.1140292305

6. 临时文件及其他文件的处理