广度优先算法（Breadth-First Search）是在图和树领域的搜索方法，其核心思想是从一个起始点开始，访问其所有的临近节点，然后再按照相同的方式访问这些临近节点的节点，这种访问方式类似涟漪泛起，一层一层的扩散。
广度优先算法解决的问题：
- 从A点出发，有没有一条路径可以到达B点
- 如果有的话，能不能找到最短的路径。
- 图/树的遍历
广度优先算法的实现（C++）：
要遍历的图结构：
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using UnityEngine;namespace Framwork
{/// <summary>/// Playerprefs 存储类/// </summary>public class PlayerPrefsManager{private static PlayerPrefsManager instance=new PlayerPrefsManager();public static PlayerPrefsManager Instance => instance;private PlayerPrefsManager(){}/// <summary>/// 存取数据的方法/// </summary>/// <param name="obj">数据实体</param>/// <param name="name">数据名称</param>public void SaveData(object data, string keyName){Type type = data.GetType();FieldInfo[] infos = type.GetFields();string tempKey="null";FieldInfo tempInfo = null;for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++){//获取数据数据类型tempInfo = infos[i];Debug.Log("Types==="+tempInfo);//类的名字+类的类型 + 数据内容名字+数据类型//作为存储的keyName键tempKey = keyName + "_" + type.Name + "_" + tempInfo.Name+ "_" + tempInfo.FieldType.Name;SaveValue(tempInfo.GetValue(data),tempKey);}//进行值的获取//tempInfo.GetValue(data);PlayerPrefs.Save();}/// <summary>/// 读取数据的类型/// </summary>/// <param name="type">要读取的数据类型</param>/// <param name="name">要读取的数据名称</param>/// <returns>返回数据实体</returns>public object LoadData(Type type, string name){//获取数据中的类型FieldInfo[] infos = type.GetFields();//创建存储数据信息的实体object data = Activator.CreateInstance(type);string tempName = null;FieldInfo tempInfo = null;for (int i = 0; i < infos.Length; i++){tempInfo = infos[i];//数据结构中的数据名称tempName = name + "_" + type.Name + "_" +tempInfo.Name+"_"+tempInfo.FieldType.Name;//数据结构中的数据名称类型//装载的容器 容器中的数据 //进行数据装载tempInfo.SetValue(data,LoadValue(tempInfo.FieldType,tempName));}return data;}/// <summary>/// 进行具体的类型数据的存储/// </summary>/// <param name="data"></param>/// <param name="keyName"></param>private void SaveValue(object value, string keyName){Type fieldType = value.GetType();if (fieldType == typeof(int)){Debug.Log("存储int"+value);PlayerPrefs.SetInt(keyName,(int)value);}else if (fieldType == typeof(float)){Debug.Log("存储float"+value);PlayerPrefs.SetFloat(keyName,(float)value);}else if (fieldType == typeof(string)){Debug.Log("存储string"+value);PlayerPrefs.SetString(keyName,value.ToString());}//对于List存储的设置//根据存储的字段类型和IList是否是父子关系else if(typeof(IList).IsAssignableFrom(fieldType)){//父类装子类IList list=value as IList;//存储元素数量PlayerPrefs.SetInt(keyName,list.Count);Debug.Log("存储List长度为"+list.Count);int index = 0;foreach (var obj in list){//存储list列表中元素内容//命名形式是 list名字+索引编号//递归调用存储SaveValue(obj,keyName+index);index++;}}else if (typeof(IDictionary).IsAssignableFrom(fieldType)){IDictionary dictionary = value as IDictionary;//存储数据个数PlayerPrefs.SetInt(keyName,dictionary.Count);Debug.Log("存储Dic长度为"+dictionary.Count);int index = 0;foreach (var key in dictionary.Keys){//存储键SaveValue(key,keyName+"_key_"+index);//存储值 SaveValue(dictionary[key],keyName+"_value_"+index);index++;}}//自定义数据类型的存储 进行解析else {SaveData(value,keyName);}}private object LoadValue(Type type, string name){if (type == typeof(int)){return PlayerPrefs.GetInt(name,0);}else if (type == typeof(float)){return PlayerPrefs.GetFloat(name,0.0f);}else if (type == typeof(string)){return PlayerPrefs.GetString(name,"");}else if (typeof(IList).IsAssignableFrom(type)){//读取列表int count = PlayerPrefs.GetInt(name);IList tempList=Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IList;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++){//获取List中存储元素的类型 type.GetGenericArguments()[0]tempList.Add(LoadValue(type.GetGenericArguments()[0],name+i));}return tempList;}else if (typeof(IDictionary).IsAssignableFrom(type)){//进行对字典的读取int count = PlayerPrefs.GetInt(name);IDictionary tempDictionary=Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IDictionary;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++){tempDictionary.Add(LoadValue(type.GetGenericArguments()[0], name + "_key_" + i),LoadValue(type.GetGenericArguments()[1], name + "_value_" + i));}return tempDictionary;}else{//读取自定义类成员的设置return LoadData(type, name);}}}
}
