一、项目介绍
当前文章介绍基于STM32设计的人体健康检测仪。设备采用STM32系列MCU作为主控芯片,配备血氧浓度传感器(使用MAX30102血氧浓度检测传感器)、OLED屏幕和电池供电等外设模块。设备可以广泛应用于医疗、健康等领域。可以帮助医生和病人更好地了解病情变化,提高治疗效果和生活质量。设备也可以用于健康管理、运动监测等场景,帮助用户了解自己的身体状况,保持健康的生活方式。
在项目中,使用了KEIL作为开发平台和工具,通过血氧模块采集人体的心跳和血氧浓度参数,并通过OLED屏幕显示现在的心跳和血氧浓度。同时,通过指标分析,提供采集到的数据与正常指标比对,分析被检测人员的健康状态。采集的数据可通过蓝牙或者WIFI传递给手机APP进行处理,方便用户随时了解自己的身体状况。
本设计采用STM32为主控芯片,搭配血氧浓度传感器和OLED屏幕,实现了人体健康数据的采集和展示,并对采集到的数据进行分析,判断被检测人员的健康状态。同时,设计使用蓝牙或WiFi将采集到的数据传递给手机APP进行处理。
二、项目设计思路
2.1 硬件设计
(1)主控芯片:STM32系列MCU,负责驱动其他外设模块;
(2)血氧浓度传感器:使用MAX30102血氧浓度检测传感器,用于采集人体的心跳和血氧浓度参数;
(3)OLED屏:用于显示现在的心跳和血氧浓度;
2.2 软件设计
(1) 通过血氧模块采集人体的心跳和血氧浓度参数;
(2) 通过OLED屏显示现在的心跳和血氧浓度;
(3) 对采集到的数据进行指标分析,将采集到的数据与正常指标比对,分析被检测人员的健康状态;
(4) 采集的数据可通过蓝牙或WiFi传递给手机APP进行处理。
2.3 技术实现
(1)设计采用AD8232心电图(ECG)模块和MAX30102血氧模块采集心跳和血氧浓度参数,并通过I2C接口连接主控芯片STM32。
(2)OLED屏使用I2C接口与主控芯片STM32连接。
(3)采集到的数据通过算法进行指标分析,将采集到的数据与正常指标比对,判断被检测人员的健康状态。
(4)设备通过蓝牙或WiFi将采集到的数据传递给手机APP进行处理。
三、代码设计
3.1 MAX30102血氧模块代码
I2C协议代码:
#define MAX30102_I2C_ADDR 0xAEvoid MAX30102_I2C_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;/* Enable GPIOB clock */RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);/* Enable I2C1 and I2C2 clock */RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1 | RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2, ENABLE);// Configure I2C SCL and SDA pinsGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD; // Open-drain outputGPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);// Configure I2C parametersI2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000; // 100KHzI2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);// Enable I2CI2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
}void MAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value)
{while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, MAX30102_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, reg);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, value);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
}uint8_t MAX30102_I2C_ReadReg(uint8_t reg)
{uint8_t value;while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, MAX30102_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, reg);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, MAX30102_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Receiver);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_RECEIVER_MODE_SELECTED));I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C1, DISABLE);value = I2C_ReceiveData(I2C1);I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);return value;
}void MAX30102_I2C_ReadArray(uint8_t reg, uint8_t* data, uint8_t len)
{while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, MAX30102_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, reg);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, MAX30102_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Receiver);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_RECEIVER_MODE_SELECTED));while(len > 1){I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_RECEIVED));*data++ = I2C_ReceiveData(I2C1);len--;}I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C1, DISABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_RECEIVED));*data++ = I2C_ReceiveData(I2C1);I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
}
MAX30102的初始化函数和数据获取函数:
void MAX30102_Init(void)
{MAX30102_I2C_Init();// Reset the deviceMAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x09, 0x40);HAL_Delay(100);MAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x09, 0x00);// Set FIFO average to 4 samplesMAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x08, 0x03);// Set LED pulse amplitudeMAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x0C, 0x1F);MAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x0D, 0x1F);// Set sample rate to 100HzMAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x0F, 0x04);// Enable the red LED onlyMAX30102_I2C_WriteReg(0x11, 0x02);// Read the temperature value to start a readingMAX30102_I2C_ReadReg(0x1F);
}uint32_t MAX30102_GetHeartRate(void)
{uint8_t buffer[MAX30102_FIFO_DEPTH*4];MAX30102_Data sensor_data = {0};uint16_t ir_value;uint16_t red_value;uint8_t byte_count, fifo_overflow;// Check if any data is available in FIFObyte_count = MAX30102_I2C_ReadReg(0x06) - MAX30102_I2C_ReadReg(0x04);if(byte_count > 0){fifo_overflow = MAX30102_I2C_ReadReg(0x09) & 0x80;// Read the data from FIFOMAX30102_I2C_ReadArray(0x07, buffer, byte_count);// Parse the datafor(int i=0; i<byte_count; i+=4){ir_value = ((uint16_t)buffer[i] << 8) | buffer[i+1];red_value = ((uint16_t)buffer[i+2] << 8) | buffer[i+3];// Update the sensor dataMAX30102_UpdateData(&sensor_data, ir_value, red_value);}if(!fifo_overflow && MAX30102_CheckForBeat(sensor_data.IR_AC_Signal_Current)){return MAX30102_HeartRate(sensor_data.IR_AC_Signal_Previous, 16);}}return 0;
}
数据处理函数:
void MAX30102_UpdateData(MAX30102_Data* data, uint16_t ir_value, uint16_t red_value)
{int32_t ir_val_diff = ir_value - data->IR_AC_Signal_Current;int32_t red_val_diff = red_value - data->Red_AC_Signal_Current;// Update IR AC and DC signalsdata->IR_AC_Signal_Current = (ir_val_diff + (7 * data->IR_AC_Signal_Previous)) / 8;data->IR_DC_Signal_Current = (ir_value + data->IR_AC_Signal_Current + (2 * data->IR_DC_Signal_Current)) / 4;data->IR_AC_Signal_Previous = data->IR_AC_Signal_Current;// Update Red AC and DC signalsdata->Red_AC_Signal_Current = (red_val_diff + (7 * data->Red_AC_Signal_Previous)) / 8;data->Red_DC_Signal_Current = (red_value + data->Red_AC_Signal_Current + (2 * data->Red_DC_Signal_Current)) / 4;data->Red_AC_Signal_Previous = data->Red_AC_Signal_Current;// Update IR and Red AC signal peak-to-peak valuesif(data->IR_AC_Signal_Current > data->IR_AC_Max)data->IR_AC_Max = data->IR_AC_Signal_Current;else if(data->IR_AC_Signal_Current < data->IR_AC_Min)data->IR_AC_Min = data->IR_AC_Signal_Current;if(data->Red_AC_Signal_Current > data->Red_AC_Max)data->Red_AC_Max = data->Red_AC_Signal_Current;else if(data->Red_AC_Signal_Current < data->Red_AC_Min)data->Red_AC_Min = data->Red_AC_Signal_Current;
}uint8_t MAX30102_CheckForBeat(int32_t ir_val)
{static uint8_t beat_detection_enabled = 1;static uint32_t last_beat_time = 0;static int32_t threshold = 0x7FFFFF;uint32_t delta_time;int32_t beat_amplitude;if(beat_detection_enabled){// Increment the beat counterMAX30102_beat_counter++;// Calculate the threshold valuethreshold += (ir_val - threshold) / 8;// Check if a beat has occurredif(ir_val > threshold && MAX30102_beat_counter > 20){delta_time = micros() - last_beat_time;last_beat_time = micros();beat_amplitude = ir_val - threshold;if(delta_time < 1000 || delta_time > 2000 || beat_amplitude < 20 ||beat_amplitude > 1000) { return 0; }// Reset the beat counter and set the threshold valueMAX30102_beat_counter = 0;threshold = ir_val;return 1;}
}return 0;
}uint32_t MAX30102_HeartRate(int32_t ir_val, uint8_t samples) { int32_t ir_val_sum = 0;
// Calculate the sum of IR values
for(int i=0; i<samples; i++)
{ir_val_sum += MAX30102_IR_Sample_Buffer[i];
}// Calculate the average IR value
ir_val_sum /= samples;// Calculate the heart rate
return (uint32_t)(60 * MAX30102_SAMPLING_FREQUENCY / (ir_val - ir_val_sum));
}
3.2 OLED显示屏驱动代码
I2C协议代码:
#define SSD1306_I2C_ADDR 0x78void SSD1306_I2C_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;/* Enable GPIOB clock */RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);/* Enable I2C1 and I2C2 clock */RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1 | RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2, ENABLE);// Configure I2C SCL and SDA pinsGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD; // Open-drain outputGPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);// Configure I2C parametersI2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000; // 100KHzI2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);// Enable I2CI2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
}void SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value)
{while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, SSD1306_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, 0x00);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, reg);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_SendData(I2C1, value);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
}void SSD1306_I2C_WriteArray(uint8_t* data, uint16_t len)
{while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_BUSY));I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C1, ENABLE);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, SSD1306_I2C_ADDR, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));while(len--){I2C_SendData(I2C1, *data++);while(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C1, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));}I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
}
SSD1306的初始化函数和数据更新函数:
#define SSD1306_WIDTH 128
#define SSD1306_HEIGHT 64
#define SSD1306_BUFFER_SIZE (SSD1306_WIDTH*SSD1306_HEIGHT/8)uint8_t SSD1306_Buffer[SSD1306_BUFFER_SIZE];void SSD1306_Init(void)
{SSD1306_I2C_Init();// Turn display offSSD1306_DisplayOff();// Set the clock to a high value for faster data transferSSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x0F, 0x80);// Set multiplex ratio to default value (63)SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xA8, 0x3F);// Set the display offset to 0SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xD3, 0x00);// Display start line is 0SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x40, 0x00);// Set segment remap to invertedSSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xA1, 0xC0);// Set COM output scan direction to invertedSSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xC8, 0xC0);// Disable display offset shiftSSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xD7, 0x9F);// Set display clock divide ratio/oscillator frequency to default value (8/0xF0)SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xD5, 0xF0);// Enable charge pump regulatorSSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x8D, 0x14);// Set memory addressing mode// Set the display to normal mode (not inverted)
SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xA6, 0xA6);// Set the contrast to a default value of 127
SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x81, 0x7F);// Turn the display back on
SSD1306_DisplayOn();// Clear the display buffer
SSD1306_ClearBuffer();// Update the display with the cleared buffer
SSD1306_UpdateDisplay();
}void SSD1306_UpdateDisplay(void) { uint8_t column, page;
}for(page=0; page<8; page++)
{SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0xB0+page, 0x00);SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x10, 0x00);SSD1306_I2C_WriteReg(0x00, 0x00);for(column=0; column<SSD1306_WIDTH; column++){SSD1306_I2C_WriteArray(&SSD1306_Buffer[column + page*SSD1306_WIDTH], 1);}
}
}
void SSD1306_ClearBuffer(void) { memset(SSD1306_Buffer, 0x00, sizeof(SSD1306_Buffer)); }void SSD1306_SetPixel(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t color) { if(x >= SSD1306_WIDTH || y >= SSD1306_HEIGHT) { return; }
}if(color)
{SSD1306_Buffer[x + (y/8)*SSD1306_WIDTH] |= (1 << (y%8));
}
else
{SSD1306_Buffer[x + (y/8)*SSD1306_WIDTH] &= ~(1 << (y%8));
}
}
四、总结
本设计采用STM32为主控芯片,配合血氧浓度传感器和OLED屏幕,实现了人体健康数据的采集和展示,并通过算法对采集到的数据进行分析,判断被检测人员的健康状态。同时,设计使用蓝牙或WiFi将采集到的数据传递给手机APP进行处理。设计基本满足了人体健康检测仪的技术要求和环境要求。