unity save load系统 快速搭建

我的最终目标是快读建立一个关卡数据自动读入储存功能：

1. 每个关卡有自己的编号，如果没有自定义该关卡，则读取默认编号的初始布局，如果有自定义该关卡，则读取新定义的关卡。

2.在游戏中如果对布局做出了更改，随时储存新的修改。

3.save和load系统与玩法系统耦合度低，无需管理。

小试牛刀-soundmanager

先从一个简单的soundmanager开始学习。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace BBG
{public class SaveManager : SingletonComponent<SaveManager>{#region Member Variablesprivate List<ISaveable>	saveables;private JSONNode		loadedSave;#endregion#region Properties/// <summary>/// Path to the save file on the device/// </summary>public string SaveFilePath { get { return Application.persistentDataPath + "/save.json"; } }/// <summary>/// List of registered saveables/// </summary>private List<ISaveable> Saveables{get{if (saveables == null){saveables = new List<ISaveable>();}return saveables;}}#endregion#if UNITY_EDITOR[UnityEditor.MenuItem("Tools/Bizzy Bee Games/Delete Save Data")]public static void DeleteSaveData(){if (!System.IO.File.Exists(SaveManager.Instance.SaveFilePath)){UnityEditor.EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Delete Save File", "There is no save file.", "Ok");return;}bool delete = UnityEditor.EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Delete Save File", "Delete the save file located at " + SaveManager.Instance.SaveFilePath, "Yes", "No");if (delete){System.IO.File.Delete(SaveManager.Instance.SaveFilePath);#if BBG_MT_IAP || BBG_MT_ADSSystem.IO.Directory.Delete(BBG.MobileTools.Utils.SaveFolderPath, true);#endifUnityEditor.EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("Delete Save File", "Save file has been deleted.", "Ok");}}#endif#region Unity Methodsprivate void Start(){Debug.Log("Save file path: " + SaveFilePath);}private void OnDestroy(){Save();}private void OnApplicationPause(bool pause){if (pause){Save();}}#endregion#region Public Methods/// <summary>/// Registers a saveable to be saved/// </summary>public void Register(ISaveable saveable){Saveables.Add(saveable);}/// <summary>/// Loads the save data for the given saveable/// </summary>public JSONNode LoadSave(ISaveable saveable){return LoadSave(saveable.SaveId);}/// <summary>/// Loads the save data for the given save id/// </summary>public JSONNode LoadSave(string saveId){// Check if the save file has been loaded and if not try and load itif (loadedSave == null && !LoadSave(out loadedSave)){return null;}// Check if the loaded save file has the given save idif (!loadedSave.AsObject.HasKey(saveId)){return null;}// Return the JSONNode for the save idreturn loadedSave[saveId];}#endregion#region Private Methods/// <summary>/// Saves all registered saveables to the save file/// </summary>private void Save(){Dictionary<string, object> saveJson = new Dictionary<string, object>();for (int i = 0; i < saveables.Count; i++){saveJson.Add(saveables[i].SaveId, saveables[i].Save());}System.IO.File.WriteAllText(SaveFilePath, Utilities.ConvertToJsonString(saveJson));}/// <summary>/// Tries to load the save file/// </summary>private bool LoadSave(out JSONNode json){json = null;if (!System.IO.File.Exists(SaveFilePath)){return false;}json = JSON.Parse(System.IO.File.ReadAllText(SaveFilePath));return json != null;}#endregion}
}

以上代码中的Register函数很重要，其他的需要储存数据的模块，比如soundmanager，就需要继承Isavable,并且在初始化时register自己给savemanager:

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace BBG
{public class SoundManager : SingletonComponent<SoundManager>, ISaveable{#region Classes[System.Serializable]private class SoundInfo{public string		id					= "";public AudioClip	audioClip			= null;public SoundType	type				= SoundType.SoundEffect;public bool			playAndLoopOnStart	= false;[Range(0, 1)] public float clipVolume = 1;}private class PlayingSound{public SoundInfo	soundInfo	= null;public AudioSource	audioSource	= null;}#endregion#region Enumspublic enum SoundType{SoundEffect,Music}#endregion#region Inspector Variables[SerializeField] private List<SoundInfo> soundInfos = null;#endregion#region Member Variablesprivate List<PlayingSound> playingAudioSources;private List<PlayingSound> loopingAudioSources;public string SaveId { get { return "sound_manager"; } }#endregion#region Propertiespublic bool IsMusicOn			{ get; private set; }public bool IsSoundEffectsOn	{ get; private set; }#endregion#region Unity Methodsprotected override void Awake(){base.Awake();SaveManager.Instance.Register(this);playingAudioSources	= new List<PlayingSound>();loopingAudioSources	= new List<PlayingSound>();if (!LoadSave()){IsMusicOn			= true;IsSoundEffectsOn	= true;}}private void Start(){for (int i = 0; i < soundInfos.Count; i++){SoundInfo soundInfo = soundInfos[i];if (soundInfo.playAndLoopOnStart){Play(soundInfo.id, true, 0);}}}private void Update(){for (int i = 0; i < playingAudioSources.Count; i++){AudioSource audioSource = playingAudioSources[i].audioSource;// If the Audio Source is no longer playing then return it to the pool so it can be re-usedif (!audioSource.isPlaying){Destroy(audioSource.gameObject);playingAudioSources.RemoveAt(i);i--;}}}#endregion#region Public Methods/// <summary>/// Plays the sound with the give id/// </summary>public void Play(string id){Play(id, false, 0);}/// <summary>/// Plays the sound with the give id, if loop is set to true then the sound will only stop if the Stop method is called/// </summary>public void Play(string id, bool loop, float playDelay){SoundInfo soundInfo = GetSoundInfo(id);if (soundInfo == null){Debug.LogError("[SoundManager] There is no Sound Info with the given id: " + id);return;}if ((soundInfo.type == SoundType.Music && !IsMusicOn) ||(soundInfo.type == SoundType.SoundEffect && !IsSoundEffectsOn)){return;}AudioSource audioSource = CreateAudioSource(id);audioSource.clip	= soundInfo.audioClip;audioSource.loop	= loop;audioSource.time	= 0;audioSource.volume	= soundInfo.clipVolume;if (playDelay > 0){audioSource.PlayDelayed(playDelay);}else{audioSource.Play();}PlayingSound playingSound = new PlayingSound();playingSound.soundInfo		= soundInfo;playingSound.audioSource	= audioSource;if (loop){loopingAudioSources.Add(playingSound);}else{playingAudioSources.Add(playingSound);}}/// <summary>/// Stops all playing sounds with the given id/// </summary>public void Stop(string id){StopAllSounds(id, playingAudioSources);StopAllSounds(id, loopingAudioSources);}/// <summary>/// Stops all playing sounds with the given type/// </summary>public void Stop(SoundType type){StopAllSounds(type, playingAudioSources);StopAllSounds(type, loopingAudioSources);}/// <summary>/// Sets the SoundType on/off/// </summary>public void SetSoundTypeOnOff(SoundType type, bool isOn){switch (type){case SoundType.SoundEffect:if (isOn == IsSoundEffectsOn){return;}IsSoundEffectsOn = isOn;break;case SoundType.Music:if (isOn == IsMusicOn){return;}IsMusicOn = isOn;break;}// If it was turned off then stop all sounds that are currently playingif (!isOn){Stop(type);}// Else it was turned on so play any sounds that have playAndLoopOnStart set to trueelse{PlayAtStart(type);}}#endregion#region Private Methods/// <summary>/// Plays all sounds that are set to play on start and loop and are of the given type/// </summary>private void PlayAtStart(SoundType type){for (int i = 0; i < soundInfos.Count; i++){SoundInfo soundInfo = soundInfos[i];if (soundInfo.type == type && soundInfo.playAndLoopOnStart){Play(soundInfo.id, true, 0);}}}/// <summary>/// Stops all sounds with the given id/// </summary>private void StopAllSounds(string id, List<PlayingSound> playingSounds){for (int i = 0; i < playingSounds.Count; i++){PlayingSound playingSound = playingSounds[i];if (id == playingSound.soundInfo.id){playingSound.audioSource.Stop();Destroy(playingSound.audioSource.gameObject);playingSounds.RemoveAt(i);i--;}}}/// <summary>/// Stops all sounds with the given type/// </summary>private void StopAllSounds(SoundType type, List<PlayingSound> playingSounds){for (int i = 0; i < playingSounds.Count; i++){PlayingSound playingSound = playingSounds[i];if (type == playingSound.soundInfo.type){playingSound.audioSource.Stop();Destroy(playingSound.audioSource.gameObject);playingSounds.RemoveAt(i);i--;}}}private SoundInfo GetSoundInfo(string id){for (int i = 0; i < soundInfos.Count; i++){if (id == soundInfos[i].id){return soundInfos[i];}}return null;}private AudioSource CreateAudioSource(string id){GameObject obj = new GameObject("sound_" + id);obj.transform.SetParent(transform);return obj.AddComponent<AudioSource>();;}#endregion#region Save Methodspublic Dictionary<string, object> Save(){Dictionary<string, object> json = new Dictionary<string, object>();json["is_music_on"]			= IsMusicOn;json["is_sound_effects_on"]	= IsSoundEffectsOn;return json;}public bool LoadSave(){JSONNode json = SaveManager.Instance.LoadSave(this);if (json == null){return false;}IsMusicOn			= json["is_music_on"].AsBool;IsSoundEffectsOn	= json["is_sound_effects_on"].AsBool;return true;}#endregion}
}

如上所述的soundmanager,里面有两个内容是告知savemanager如何自动储存信息的

public string SaveId { get { return "sound_manager"; } }		public Dictionary<string, object> Save(){Dictionary<string, object> json = new Dictionary<string, object>();json["is_music_on"]			= IsMusicOn;json["is_sound_effects_on"]	= IsSoundEffectsOn;return json;}

另外，观察soundmanager可知，它在初始化时，去做了一次loadsave函数，也就是去找savemanager要数据，如果要到了，怎样设置，如果没有要到，怎样设置。

public bool LoadSave(){JSONNode json = SaveManager.Instance.LoadSave(this);if (json == null){return false;}IsMusicOn			= json["is_music_on"].AsBool;IsSoundEffectsOn	= json["is_sound_effects_on"].AsBool;return true;}

实战—关卡储存管理

先看一下这个gamemanager中与储存相关的代码

		public Dictionary<string, object> Save(){Dictionary<string, object> json = new Dictionary<string, object>();json["num_stars_earned"]	= SaveNumStarsEarned();json["last_completed"]		= SaveLastCompleteLevels();json["level_statuses"]		= SaveLevelStatuses();json["level_save_datas"]	= SaveLevelDatas();json["star_amount"]			= StarAmount;json["hint_amount"]			= HintAmount;json["num_levels_till_ad"]	= NumLevelsTillAd;return json;}private List<object> SaveNumStarsEarned(){List<object> json = new List<object>();foreach (KeyValuePair<string, int> pair in packNumStarsEarned){Dictionary<string, object> packJson = new Dictionary<string, object>();packJson["pack_id"]				= pair.Key;packJson["num_stars_earned"]	= pair.Value;json.Add(packJson);}return json;}private List<object> SaveLastCompleteLevels(){List<object> json = new List<object>();foreach (KeyValuePair<string, int> pair in packLastCompletedLevel){Dictionary<string, object> packJson = new Dictionary<string, object>();packJson["pack_id"]					= pair.Key;packJson["last_completed_level"]	= pair.Value;json.Add(packJson);}return json;}private List<object> SaveLevelStatuses(){List<object> json = new List<object>();foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Dictionary<int, int>> pair in packLevelStatuses){Dictionary<string, object> packJson = new Dictionary<string, object>();packJson["pack_id"] = pair.Key;string levelStr = "";foreach (KeyValuePair<int, int> levelPair in pair.Value){if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(levelStr)) levelStr += "_";levelStr += levelPair.Key + "_" + levelPair.Value;}packJson["level_statuses"] = levelStr;json.Add(packJson);}return json;}private List<object> SaveLevelDatas(){List<object> savedLevelDatas = new List<object>();foreach (KeyValuePair<string, LevelSaveData> pair in levelSaveDatas){Dictionary<string, object> levelSaveDataJson = pair.Value.Save();levelSaveDataJson["id"] = pair.Key;savedLevelDatas.Add(levelSaveDataJson);}return savedLevelDatas;}private bool LoadSave(){JSONNode json = SaveManager.Instance.LoadSave(this);if (json == null){return false;}LoadNumStarsEarned(json["num_stars_earned"].AsArray);LoadLastCompleteLevels(json["last_completed"].AsArray);LoadLevelStatuses(json["level_statuses"].AsArray);LoadLevelSaveDatas(json["level_save_datas"].AsArray);StarAmount		= json["star_amount"].AsInt;HintAmount		= json["hint_amount"].AsInt;NumLevelsTillAd	= json["num_levels_till_ad"].AsInt;return true;}private void LoadNumStarsEarned(JSONArray json){for (int i = 0; i < json.Count; i++){JSONNode childJson = json[i];string	packId			= childJson["pack_id"].Value;int		numStarsEarned	= childJson["num_stars_earned"].AsInt;packNumStarsEarned.Add(packId, numStarsEarned);}}private void LoadLastCompleteLevels(JSONArray json){for (int i = 0; i < json.Count; i++){JSONNode childJson = json[i];string	packId				= childJson["pack_id"].Value;int		lastCompletedLevel	= childJson["last_completed_level"].AsInt;packLastCompletedLevel.Add(packId, lastCompletedLevel);}}private void LoadLevelStatuses(JSONArray json){for (int i = 0; i < json.Count; i++){JSONNode childJson = json[i];string		packId			= childJson["pack_id"].Value;string[]	levelStatusStrs	= childJson["level_statuses"].Value.Split('_');Dictionary<int, int> levelStatuses = new Dictionary<int, int>();for (int j = 0; j < levelStatusStrs.Length; j += 2){int levelIndex	= System.Convert.ToInt32(levelStatusStrs[j]);int status		= System.Convert.ToInt32(levelStatusStrs[j + 1]);levelStatuses.Add(levelIndex, status);}packLevelStatuses.Add(packId, levelStatuses);}}/// <summary>/// Loads the game from the saved json file/// </summary>private void LoadLevelSaveDatas(JSONArray savedLevelDatasJson){// Load all the placed line segments for levels that have progressfor (int i = 0; i < savedLevelDatasJson.Count; i++){JSONNode	savedLevelDataJson		= savedLevelDatasJson[i];JSONArray	savedPlacedLineSegments	= savedLevelDataJson["placed_line_segments"].AsArray;JSONArray	savedHints				= savedLevelDataJson["hints"].AsArray;List<List<CellPos>> placedLineSegments = new List<List<CellPos>>();for (int j = 0; j < savedPlacedLineSegments.Count; j++){placedLineSegments.Add(new List<CellPos>());for (int k = 0; k < savedPlacedLineSegments[j].Count; k += 2){placedLineSegments[j].Add(new CellPos(savedPlacedLineSegments[j][k].AsInt, savedPlacedLineSegments[j][k + 1].AsInt));}}List<int> hintLineIndices = new List<int>();for (int j = 0; j < savedHints.Count; j++){hintLineIndices.Add(savedHints[j].AsInt);}string	levelId		= savedLevelDataJson["id"].Value;int		numMoves	= savedLevelDataJson["num_moves"].AsInt;LevelSaveData levelSaveData = new LevelSaveData();levelSaveData.placedLineSegments	= placedLineSegments;levelSaveData.numMoves				= numMoves;levelSaveData.hintLineIndices		= hintLineIndices;levelSaveDatas.Add(levelId, levelSaveData);}}#endregion

我们发现，因为数据较为复杂，无论是load还是save，都针对不同数据有自己的辅助函数。

gamemanager中，有一个startlevel,它需要一个packinfo(总关卡信息，可暂时忽略)，以及一个leveldata.

这里拿到的leveldata,是制作者本身就默认写好的值，

如果这个leveldata的id，已经存在于levelsavedata的字典中，就说明这个leveldata经过了修改，因此要读取的是新的levelsavedata中的配置数据。

如果这个leveldata的id没有存在于levelsavedata的字典中，就说明这次是第一次打开这个level，那么需要新建一个savedata:

下面的代码记录了这个功能。

/// <summary>/// Starts the level./// </summary>public void StartLevel(PackInfo packInfo, LevelData levelData){ActivePackInfo	= packInfo;ActiveLevelData	= levelData;// Check if the lvel has not been started and if there is loaded save data for itif (!levelSaveDatas.ContainsKey(levelData.Id)){levelSaveDatas[levelData.Id] = new LevelSaveData();}gameGrid.SetupLevel(levelData, levelSaveDatas[levelData.Id]);UpdateHintAmountText();UpdateLevelButtons();GameEventManager.Instance.SendEvent(GameEventManager.EventId_LevelStarted);ScreenManager.Instance.Show("game");// Check if it's time to show an interstitial adif (NumLevelsTillAd <= 0){NumLevelsTillAd = numLevelsBetweenAds;#if BBG_MT_ADSBBG.MobileTools.MobileAdsManager.Instance.ShowInterstitialAd();#endif}}

其他的功能基本上和soundmanager一样：

比如，在初始化时，注册自己，并试图loadsave.

比如，在游戏中断时，进行保存

		protected override void Awake(){base.Awake();GameEventManager.Instance.RegisterEventHandler(GameEventManager.EventId_ActiveLevelCompleted, OnActiveLevelComplete);SaveManager.Instance.Register(this);packNumStarsEarned		= new Dictionary<string, int>();packLastCompletedLevel	= new Dictionary<string, int>();packLevelStatuses		= new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<int, int>>();levelSaveDatas			= new Dictionary<string, LevelSaveData>();if (!LoadSave()){HintAmount		= startingHints;NumLevelsTillAd	= numLevelsBetweenAds;}gameGrid.Initialize();if (startingStars > 0){StarAmount = startingStars;}}private void OnDestroy(){Save();}private void OnApplicationPause(bool pause){if (pause){Save();}}

至此，重点结束。

然后，其他功能的脚本，可以通过获得currentlevelsavedata的方式去修改其数据，方便在关闭界面时进行数据更新。

/// <summary>/// Sets the numMoves and updates the Text UI/// </summary>private void SetNumMoves(int amount){currentLevelSaveData.numMoves = amount;moveAmountText.text = currentLevelSaveData.numMoves.ToString();}

围绕这个功能，还可以方便设计undo/redo功能

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