🎄欢迎来到@dandelionl_的csdn博文,本文主要讲解Java web中Tomcat底层机制和Servlet的运行原理的相关知识🎄
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一. 一图明理
二. 概念
Tomcat是一个开源的Java Web服务器,它是基于Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages(JSP)技术的。下面是关于Tomcat底层机制和Servlet运行原理的简要说明:
-
Tomcat底层机制:
- 网络通信:Tomcat使用Java的Socket API来监听特定的端口(通常是8080),接收来自客户端的HTTP请求。
- 线程池:Tomcat使用线程池来处理并发的请求。当有新的请求到达时,Tomcat会从线程池中获取一个空闲线程来处理该请求,这样可以提高处理效率。
- 生命周期管理:Tomcat负责管理Servlet和其他Web组件的生命周期,包括初始化、请求处理和销毁等阶段。(init(), run())
- 请求处理管道:Tomcat通过请求处理管道来处理HTTP请求。请求经过一系列的处理器,如身份验证、日志记录和安全检查等,最终被交给适当的Servlet进行处理。(handle())
- 连接池:Tomcat使用连接池来管理与数据库的连接。这样可以提高性能,并避免频繁地创建和销毁数据库连接。(handle())
-
Servlet运行原理:
- Servlet容器:Tomcat是一个Servlet容器,它负责加载、初始化和管理Servlet。当Tomcat启动时,它会读取配置文件(如web.xml)来确定需要加载的Servlet类。
- 生命周期:每个Servlet都有自己的生命周期,包括初始化、请求处理和销毁等阶段。Tomcat会在适当的时间调用Servlet的生命周期方法(如init()、service()和destroy())。
- 请求处理:当Tomcat接收到HTTP请求时,它会根据请求的URL找到对应的Servlet,并将请求转发给该Servlet进行处理。Servlet通过HttpServletRequest对象获取请求的信息,并通过HttpServletResponse对象发送响应给客户端。
- 多线程处理:Tomcat使用多线程来处理并发请求。每个请求都被分配给一个独立的线程进行处理,这样可以同时处理多个请求,提高服务器的性能。
三. 容器的理解
在tomcat底层实现中, servlet作为容器, 实现可以理解为HashMap, 键是servlet-name值是servlet-class, 而HashMap就是一个容器, 从容器中得到一个servlet实例, 对其进行初始化, 供web使用, 调用其中的service()方法, service()方法对HTTP请求的method进行判断, 对每个相应的method都有相应的do方法, 可以使用.
四. 案例
不用tomcat以及servlet实现
五. 代码分析和代码实现
LxbRequestHandle类
package com.lxb.tomcat.handle;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 13:22:00
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbRequestHandle.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport com.lxb.tomcat.LxbTomcatV3;
import com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpRequest;
import com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpResponse;
import com.lxb.tomcat.servlet.LxbHttpServlet;
import com.lxb.tomcat.utils.WebUtils;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;public class LxbRequestHandle implements Runnable{private Socket accept;public LxbRequestHandle(Socket socket) {this.accept = socket;}public void run() {try {LxbHttpRequest request = new LxbHttpRequest(accept);LxbHttpResponse response = new LxbHttpResponse(accept.getOutputStream());String uri = request.getUri();if(WebUtils.isHtml(uri)) {System.out.println(uri.substring(1));String resp = WebUtils.readFile(uri.substring(1));String responseInfo = LxbHttpResponse.respHeader + resp;OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();outputStream.write(responseInfo.getBytes());outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();accept.close();return;}String servletName = LxbTomcatV3.servletMapping.get(uri);if(servletName == null) {servletName = "";}LxbHttpServlet servlet = LxbTomcatV3.servlet.get(servletName);if(servlet != null) {servlet.service(request, response);} else {String resp = LxbHttpResponse.respHeader + "<h1>404 not found!!!</h>";OutputStream responseOutputStream = response.getOutputStream();responseOutputStream.write(resp.getBytes());responseOutputStream.flush();responseOutputStream.close();}accept.close();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);} finally {if (accept != null) {try {accept.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}
LxbHttpRequest和LxbHttpResponse
package com.lxb.tomcat.http;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 14:59:24
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbHttpRequest.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;public class LxbHttpRequest {private Socket socket;private String method;private String uri;private HashMap<String, String> parameterMapping = new HashMap<String, String>();public LxbHttpRequest(Socket socket) {this.socket = socket;try {ParseProcess();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}public void ParseProcess() throws Exception {BufferedReader reader =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));String temp;temp = reader.readLine();// GET /cal.html HTTP/1.1String[] request = temp.split(" ");method = request[0];int index = request[1].indexOf("?");if (index == -1) {uri = request[1];} else {uri = request[1].substring(0, index);String parameterPair = request[1].substring(index + 1);String[] parameters = parameterPair.split("&");if (parameters[0] != null && !parameters[0].equals("")) {for (String parameter : parameters) {String[] split = parameter.split("=");if(split.length == 2) {parameterMapping.put(split[0], split[1]);}}}}}public String getMethod() {return method;}public String getUri() {return uri;}public String getParameter(String key) {if(parameterMapping.get(key) != null) {return parameterMapping.get(key);} else {return "";}}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "LxbHttpRequest" +"{ method = " + method +", uri = " + uri +", parameter = " + parameterMapping +"}";}
}
package com.lxb.tomcat.http;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 15:49:29
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbHttpResponse.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;public class LxbHttpResponse {private OutputStream outputStream = null;public static final String respHeader = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" +"Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8\r\n\r\n";public LxbHttpResponse(OutputStream outputStream) {this.outputStream = outputStream;}public OutputStream getOutputStream() {return outputStream;}
}
LxbTomcat
package com.lxb.tomcat;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 15:37:29
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbTomcatV3.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport com.lxb.tomcat.handle.LxbRequestHandle;
import com.lxb.tomcat.servlet.LxbHttpServlet;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.junit.Test;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;public class LxbTomcatV3 {public static ConcurrentHashMap<String, LxbHttpServlet> servlet =new ConcurrentHashMap<String, LxbHttpServlet>();public static ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> servletMapping =new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {LxbTomcatV3 lxbTomcatV3 = new LxbTomcatV3();lxbTomcatV3.Init();lxbTomcatV3.run();}public void run() {try {ServerSocket socket = new ServerSocket(8080);while (!socket.isClosed()) {Socket accept = socket.accept();LxbRequestHandle requestHandle = new LxbRequestHandle(accept);new Thread(requestHandle).start();}} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}@Testpublic void Init() {String path = LxbTomcatV3.class.getResource("/").getPath();
// System.out.println(path);
// 该类的路径 /D:/NewExecllction/exicese%20code/lxb-tomcat/target/classes/com/lxb/tomcat/
// 根路径 /D:/NewExecllction/exicese%20code/lxb-tomcat/target/classes/SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();try {Document document = saxReader.read(new File(path + "web.xml"));
// System.out.println(document);Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();List<Element> elements = rootElement.elements();for (Element element : elements) {if ("servlet".equalsIgnoreCase(element.getName())) {Element servletName = element.element("servlet-name");Element servletClass = element.element("servlet-class");servlet.put(servletName.getText(), (LxbHttpServlet) Class.forName(servletClass.getText().trim()).newInstance());} else if ("servlet-mapping".equalsIgnoreCase(element.getName())) {Element servletName = element.element("servlet-name");Element servletUrl = element.element("url-pattern");servletMapping.put(servletUrl.getText(), servletName.getText());}}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(servlet);System.out.println(servletMapping);}@Testpublic void test() {String path = LxbTomcatV3.class.getResource("/").getPath();System.out.println(path + "web.xml");}
}
WebUtils
package com.lxb.tomcat.utils;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-19 16:00:33
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : WebUtils.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport org.junit.Test;import java.io.*;public class WebUtils {public static int parseInt(String strNum, int defaultVal) {try {return Integer.parseInt(strNum);} catch (NumberFormatException e) {System.out.println(strNum + "数字格式异常, 无法包装");}return defaultVal;}public static boolean isHtml(String uri) {return uri.endsWith(".html");}public static String readFile(String filename) {String path = com.lxb.tomcat.utils.WebUtils.class.getResource("/").getPath();StringBuilder stringBuffer = new StringBuilder();try {System.out.println(path + filename);BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path + filename));String buffer = null;while ((buffer = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null && !buffer.equals("")) {stringBuffer.append(buffer);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return stringBuffer.toString();}
}
LxbCalServlet
package com.lxb.tomcat.servlet;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 16:14:24
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbCalServlet.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpRequest;
import com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpResponse;
import com.lxb.tomcat.utils.WebUtils;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;public class LxbCalServlet extends LxbHttpServlet {@Overridepublic void doGet(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) {doPost(request, response);}@Overridepublic void doPost(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) {int num1 = WebUtils.parseInt(request.getParameter("num1"), 0);int num2 = WebUtils.parseInt(request.getParameter("num2"), 0);int result = num1 + num2;OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();String resp = LxbHttpResponse.respHeader + "<h1>求和: " + num1 + "+" + num2 + " = " + result + "</h>";try {outputStream.write(resp.getBytes());outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}public void init() throws Exception {}public void destroy() {}
}
LxbServlet
package com.lxb.tomcat.servlet;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 16:09:43
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : LxbServlet.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpRequest;
import com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpResponse;import java.io.IOException;public interface LxbServlet {void init() throws Exception;void service(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) throws IOException;void destroy();
}
LxbHttpServlet
package com.lxb.tomcat.servlet;
//-*- code = utf-8 -*-
//@Time : 2023-07-20 16:11:02
//@Authors : 罗雄波
//@File : lxbHttpServlet.java
//@Software : IntelliJ IDEAimport com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpRequest;
import com.lxb.tomcat.http.LxbHttpResponse;import java.io.IOException;public abstract class LxbHttpServlet implements LxbServlet{public void service(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) throws IOException {if(request.getMethod().equals("GET")) {this.doGet(request, response);} else if(request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {this.doPost(request, response);}}public void doGet(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) {}public void doPost(LxbHttpRequest request, LxbHttpResponse response) {}
}
六. 注意