问题:异常处理器在SpringMVC中是如何进行初始化以及使用的?
Spring MVC提供处理异常的方式主要分为两种:
1、实现HandlerExceptionResolver方式(HandlerExceptionResolver是一个接口,在SpringMVC有一些默认的实现也可以自定义异常处理器)
2、@ExceptionHandler注解方式。注解方式也有两种用法:
(1)使用在Controller内部
(2)配置@ControllerAdvice一起使用实现全局处理
下面的HandlerExceptionResolver接口的类的继承关系。
补充说明:注解@EnableWebMvc和<mvc:annotation-driven />
这个注解得作用就是相当于再配置文件中加上<mvc:annotation-driven /> 本质都是会默认得注入一些SpringMVC得核心组件,比如RequestMappingHandlerMapping与RequestMappingHandlerAdapter等,而@EnableWebMvc注解 也是一样得作用默认得会加载一些组件。@EnableWebMvc通常是加载配置类上使用的,在初始化父容器的时候会进行注解的解析然后装载默认组件。
不过SpringMVC中如果配置了 mvc:annotation-driven/ 或者使用了@EnableWebMvc就会引入的 HandlerExceptionResolverComposite,这个是包含ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver、DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver、ResponseStatusExceptionResolver3个处理器的是一个组合模式,下面会涉及到这个
一、启动源码分析
0、DispatcherServlet#initStrategies()
回归到DispatcherServlet在执行初始化策略中,跳过其他看initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context)
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {initMultipartResolver(context);initLocaleResolver(context);initThemeResolver(context);initHandlerMappings(context);initHandlerAdapters(context);initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);initViewResolvers(context);initFlashMapManager(context);}
1 initHandlerExceptionResolvers()
找到类是HandlerExceptionResolver的Bean,加入到handlerExceptionResolvers,如果没有的话,就用默认的。这里的默认是会取读取DispatcherServlet.properties
private void initHandlerExceptionResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {this.handlerExceptionResolvers = null;if (this.detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers) {// Find all HandlerExceptionResolvers in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.Map<String, HandlerExceptionResolver> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class, true, false);if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {this.handlerExceptionResolvers = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());// We keep HandlerExceptionResolvers in sorted order.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerExceptionResolvers);}}else {try {HandlerExceptionResolver her =context.getBean(HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);this.handlerExceptionResolvers = Collections.singletonList(her);}catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {// Ignore, no HandlerExceptionResolver is fine too.}}// Ensure we have at least some HandlerExceptionResolvers, by registering// default HandlerExceptionResolvers if no other resolvers are found.if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers == null) {this.handlerExceptionResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("No HandlerExceptionResolvers declared in servlet '" + getServletName() +"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");}}}
1.1 配置文件:DispatcherServlet.properties
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver,\org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver
1.2 getDefaultStrategies()
如果容器中获取不到 ,就是在使用了@EnableWebMvc和<mvc:annotation-driven />后加载的默认的组件还是获取不到的话,就会从DispatcherServlet.properties中加载默认的异常处理器。
protected <T> List<T> getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class<T> strategyInterface) {String key = strategyInterface.getName();String value = defaultStrategies.getProperty(key);if (value != null) {String[] classNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(value);List<T> strategies = new ArrayList<>(classNames.length);for (String className : classNames) {try {Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, DispatcherServlet.class.getClassLoader());Object strategy = createDefaultStrategy(context, clazz);strategies.add((T) strategy);}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not find DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +"] for interface [" + key + "]", ex);}catch (LinkageError err) {throw new BeanInitializationException("Unresolvable class definition for DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" +className + "] for interface [" + key + "]", err);}}return strategies;}else {return new LinkedList<>();}}
1.2.1 createDefaultStrategy()
SpringMVC中的几个默认的异常处理器就是经过这个方法,但是这个方式创建出来的bean对象是不归Spring管理的。
protected Object createDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context, Class<?> clazz) {return context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().createBean(clazz);}
0、常见的默认异常处理器
1 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
基本不用刻意忽略
2 ResponseStatusExceptionResolver
用于处理通过@ResponseStatus注解处理的异常
// 实现了接口MessageSourceAware,方便拿到国际化资源,方便错误消息的国际化
// @since 3.0
public class ResponseStatusExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver implements MessageSourceAware {@Nullableprivate MessageSource messageSource;@Overridepublic void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource) {this.messageSource = messageSource;}@Override@Nullableprotected ModelAndView doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {try {// 若异常类型是,那就处理这个异常// 处理很简单:response.sendError(statusCode, resolvedReason)// 当然会有国际化消息的处理。最终new一个空的new ModelAndView()供以返回if (ex instanceof ResponseStatusException) {return resolveResponseStatusException((ResponseStatusException) ex, request, response, handler);}// 若异常类型所在的类上标注了ResponseStatus注解,就处理这个状态码//(可见:异常类型优先于ResponseStatus)// 处理方式同上~~~~ResponseStatus status = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(ex.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class);if (status != null) {return resolveResponseStatus(status, request, response, handler, ex);}// 这里有个递归:如果异常类型是Course里面的,也会继续处理,所以需要注意这里的递归处理if (ex.getCause() instanceof Exception) {return doResolveException(request, response, handler, (Exception) ex.getCause());}} catch (Exception resolveEx) { // 处理失败,就记录warn日志(非info哦~)if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {logger.warn("Failure while trying to resolve exception [" + ex.getClass().getName() + "]", resolveEx);}}return null;}
}
3 DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver
用于处理Spring MVC自己抛出的一些特定的异常
异常类型 | 状态码 |
---|---|
MissingPathVariableException | 500 |
ConversionNotSupportedException | 500 |
HttpMessageNotWritableException | 500 |
AsyncRequestTimeoutException | 503 |
MissingServletRequestParameterException | 400 |
ServletRequestBindingException | 400 |
TypeMismatchException | 400 |
HttpMessageNotReadableException | 400 |
MethodArgumentNotValidException | 400 |
MissingServletRequestPartException | 400 |
BindException | 400 |
NoHandlerFoundException | 404 |
HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException | 405 |
HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException | 406 |
HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException | 415 |
// @since 3.0
public class DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver {public DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver() {setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE);setWarnLogCategory(getClass().getName()); // 不同的日志采用不同的记录器是个很好的习惯}@Override@Nullableprotected ModelAndView doResolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {try {if (ex instanceof HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) {return handleHttpRequestMethodNotSupported((HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) ex, request, response, handler);} else if (ex instanceof HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) {return handleHttpMediaTypeNotSupported((HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) ex, request, response, handler);} ... // 省略其它的else if// 多有的handle方法几乎一样的,都是response.sendError()// 有的还会esponse.setHeader("Accept", MediaType.toString(mediaTypes));等等}
}
4 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
用于处理通过@ExceptionHandler注解处理的方法抛出的异常,这个异常处理器是用的最多的。
public class ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolverimplements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {。。。。。。。。。。
}
4.0 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
继承自AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver,该类主要处理Controller中用@ExceptionHandler注解定义的方法。
该类也是配置中定义的HandlerExceptionResolver实现类之一,大多数异常处理都是由该类操作。
SpringMVC中如果配置了 mvc:annotation-driven/ 或者就会引入的 HandlerExceptionResolverComposite,
1、argumentResolvers和customArgumentResolvers是参数解析器,负责将HTTP请求数据解析成异常处理方法的形参对象。
2、returnValueHandlers和customReturnValueHandlers是返回值处理器,负责将异常处理方法的返回值进行处理。
3、messageConverters是数据转换的底层工具,一方面从HTTP请求中读取并转换数据成对象,另一方面将对象转成HTTP响应数据。
4、contentNegotiationManager是负责媒体内容的校验,即根据Content-Tepe进行不同处理。
5、responseBodyAdvice是ResponseBodyAdvice的缓存,即支持在异常处理返回值写到输出流前的切面处理。
6、applicationContext是Spring上下文,可以从中获取容器中内容。
7、exceptionHandlerCache是异常-异常处理方法的缓存。
8、exceptionHandlerAdviceCache是@ControllerAdvice全局异常处理器的缓存。
4.1 afterPropertiesSet()
在创建这个ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver对象的时候会执行他的afterPropertiesSet(),在这方法中会去获取@ControllerAdvice定义的全局ExceptionHandler方法
@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() {// Do this first, it may add ResponseBodyAdvice beans//初始化 @ControllerAdvice 的 beaninitExceptionHandlerAdviceCache();if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {//获取 默认的参数解析器 DefaultArgumentResolversList<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);}if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {//获取 默认的返回值处理器 DefaultReturnValueHandlersList<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);}}
4.1.1 initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache()
在nitExceptionHandlerAdviceCache()方法中,会从Spring容器中获取所有@ControllerAdvice标注的bean。遍历这些bean,将其中@ExceptionHandler标注的异常处理方法缓存到exceptionHandlerAdviceCache。如果这些bean实现了ResponseBodyAdvice接口,还会缓存到responseBodyAdvice:
private void initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() { // 获取所有@ControllerAdvice标注的beanList<ControllerAdviceBean> adviceBeans = ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans(getApplicationContext()); for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) { Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType(); if (beanType == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean); } // 构造异常-处理方法映射ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType); // 添加exceptionHandlerAdviceCache缓存if (resolver.hasExceptionMappings()) { this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, resolver); } // 添加responseBodyAdvice缓存if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) { this.responseBodyAdvice.add(adviceBean); } }
}
4.2 getDefaultArgumentResolvers()
protected List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getDefaultArgumentResolvers() {List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<>();// Annotation-based argument resolutionresolvers.add(new SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());resolvers.add(new RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());// Type-based argument resolutionresolvers.add(new ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver());resolvers.add(new ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver());resolvers.add(new RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver());resolvers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());// Custom arguments//合并了自定义的参数解析器if (getCustomArgumentResolvers() != null) {resolvers.addAll(getCustomArgumentResolvers());}// Catch-allresolvers.add(new PrincipalMethodArgumentResolver());return resolvers;}
4.3 getDefaultReturnValueHandlers()
获取返回值处理器,自此对象创建完成。
protected List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();// Single-purpose return value typeshandlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager, this.responseBodyAdvice));// Annotation-based return value typeshandlers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager, this.responseBodyAdvice));// Multi-purpose return value typeshandlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());// Custom return value types//合并了自定义的返回值处理器if (getCustomReturnValueHandlers() != null) {handlers.addAll(getCustomReturnValueHandlers());}// Catch-allhandlers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));return handlers;}
二、异常处理流程源码分析
1、DispatcherServlet#processDispatchResult()
在DispatcherServlet#doDispatch()处理请求过程中抛出异常,会在DispatcherServlet#processDispatchResult()方法中进行异常处理, 如果监测到了非ModelAndViewDefiningException异常,会调用DispatcherServlet#processHandlerException()方法进行异常处理:
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { try { try { // 文件请求处理processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); // 请求地址映射mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); // 获取处理器适配器HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // 拦截器预处理if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // 实际处理请求mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); // 拦截器后处理mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } catch (Throwable err) { // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well, // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios. dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err); } // 异常处理processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); }
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception { if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } }
}
2、processHandlerException()
由于默认初始化添加的是HandlerExceptionResolverComposite处理器,所以执行的也是当前类的resolveException();
protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { // Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers... ModelAndView exMv = null; if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers != null) { for (HandlerExceptionResolver resolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) { exMv = resolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex); if (exMv != null) { break; } } } // ……
}
2.1 HandlerExceptionResolverComposite#resolveException()
public ModelAndView resolveException( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) { if (this.resolvers != null) { for (HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver : this.resolvers) { ModelAndView mav = handlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex); if (mav != null) { return mav; } } } return null;
}
2.1.1 AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver的resolveException()
先会调用其父类AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver的resolveException()方法
public ModelAndView resolveException( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) { if (shouldApplyTo(request, handler)) { prepareResponse(ex, response); ModelAndView result = doResolveException(request, response, handler, ex); if (result != null) { // Print debug message when warn logger is not enabled. if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && (this.warnLogger == null || !this.warnLogger.isWarnEnabled())) { logger.debug(buildLogMessage(ex, request) + (result.isEmpty() ? "" : " to " + result)); } // Explicitly configured warn logger in logException method. logException(ex, request); } return result; } else { return null; }
}
2.1.1.1 AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver#doResolveException()
进行类型转换
protected final ModelAndView doResolveException( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) { HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (handler instanceof HandlerMethod ? (HandlerMethod) handler : null); return doResolveHandlerMethodException(request, response, handlerMethod, ex);
}
2.1.1.1.1ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver#doResolveHandlerMethodException()
从缓存中获取异常对应的处理方法,添加argumentResolvers和returnValueHandlers。解析异常作为请求参数,最后调用异常处理方法进行异常处理。
protected ModelAndView doResolveHandlerMethodException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) { // 从缓存中获取异常对应的处理方法ServletInvocableHandlerMethod exceptionHandlerMethod = getExceptionHandlerMethod(handlerMethod, exception); if (exceptionHandlerMethod == null) { return null; } // 添加argumentResolvers和returnValueHandlersif (this.argumentResolvers != null) { exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers); } if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) { exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers); } ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response); ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer(); // 递归添加抛出的异常,作为请求参数ArrayList<Throwable> exceptions = new ArrayList<>(); try { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Using @ExceptionHandler " + exceptionHandlerMethod); } // Expose causes as provided arguments as well Throwable exToExpose = exception; while (exToExpose != null) { exceptions.add(exToExpose); Throwable cause = exToExpose.getCause(); exToExpose = (cause != exToExpose ? cause : null); } Object[] arguments = new Object[exceptions.size() + 1]; exceptions.toArray(arguments); // efficient arraycopy call in ArrayList arguments[arguments.length - 1] = handlerMethod; // 调用异常处理方法进行异常处理exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, arguments); } catch (Throwable invocationEx) { return null; } if (mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) { return new ModelAndView(); }
}
其中ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver#getExceptionHandlerMethod方法,根据request请求的方法和抛出的异常可以匹配到对应的handleMethod。getExceptionHandlerMethod这个方法可以支持单独使用@ExceptionHandler,既使用了@ExceptionHandler又使用了@ControllerAdvice两种方式。
在ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver#initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache方法中,ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver已经扫描了所有@ControllerAdvice注解的Bean,并将其封装成了一个又一个的ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver,而构造ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver时,ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver就会扫描这个Bean下所有的@ExceptionHandler注解的方法。
所以可以先匹配这个controller是否有使用@ExceptionHandler,如果没有,则从缓存的ControllerAdviceBean中匹配异常。
2.1.1.1.1.1 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod#getExceptionHandlerMethod()
protected ServletInvocableHandlerMethod getExceptionHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) {//得到controllerClass<?> handlerType = (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.getBeanType() : null);if (handlerMethod != null) {//先尝试从缓存中获取ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver//ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver有缓存所有`@ExceptionHandler`注解的方法ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = this.exceptionHandlerCache.get(handlerType);if (resolver == null) {//没获取到的话,构造一个并将其放入缓存中resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(handlerType);this.exceptionHandlerCache.put(handlerType, resolver);}//根据异常获取对应的handler_method//如果不为空,则说明这个controoler配置了`@ExceptionHandler`Method method = resolver.resolveMethod(exception);if (method != null) {return new ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod.getBean(), method);}}//如果controller没有配置`@ExceptionHandler`,则使用统一配置的`@ControllerAdvice`//遍历所有的`@ControllerAdvice`,根据异常匹配对应的handler_methodfor (Entry<ControllerAdviceBean, ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver> entry : this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.entrySet()) {if (entry.getKey().isApplicableToBeanType(handlerType)) {ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = entry.getValue();Method method = resolver.resolveMethod(exception);//如果匹配倒了,返回这个methodif (method != null) {return new ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(entry.getKey().resolveBean(), method);}}}return null;
}
2.1.1.1.1.2 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod#invokeAndHandle()
和之前的HandleMapping一眼的处理流程
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {//调用反射handler_method,拿到handler_method执行的结果`returnValue`Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);//如果这个handler_method上,还标注了`@ResponseStatus`注解//设置response的http状态码和错误原因setResponseStatus(webRequest);//将执行结果保存到ModelAndViewContainer中if (returnValue == null) {if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || hasResponseStatus() || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);return;}}else if (StringUtils.hasText(this.responseReason)) {mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);return;}mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);try {//处理执行的返回值this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);}catch (Exception ex) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace(getReturnValueHandlingErrorMessage("Error handling return value", returnValue), ex);}throw ex;}
}
3、总结流程
1、ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver根据请求的方法和抛出的异常,匹配对应的异常处理方法
2、先匹配controller中有的@ExceptionHandler标注了的方法
3、再匹配@ControllerAdvice中的@ExceptionHandler标注的方法
4、执行异常处理方法,获取返回值
5、返回值输出到response中