【RuoYi-Cloud项目研究】【ruoyi-gateway模块】Spring Gatewaye和Sentinel实现网关流控

文章目录

1. RuoYi 实现了对服务的限流
2. 网关与普通服务的限流区别
- 2.1. 引入的组件有差别
- 2.2. 配置文件有差别
3. 注意事项

备注：

1、RuoYi 网关默认只在 nacos 配置中心的 Sentinel 限流配置中配置了对“服务限流”，而没有详细控制到限流的 URL。

2、各个服务虽然引入了 Sentinel 相关组件但是并没有对各个具体服务做具体的 URL 限流配置；

3、如果用户需要对 URL 限流请自行在服务中配置 Sentinel dashboard 连接即可。

本文主要介绍如何用Sentinel控制网关流控，和网关服务与普通服务流控的不同点。

1. RuoYi 实现了对服务的限流

在 pom.xml 引入组件

<!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos Config -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel Gateway -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- 限流规则持久化到nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId><artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置 bootstrap.yml 文件

spring:application:name: sentinel-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址sentinel:transport:dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置sentinel dashboard地址port: 8719# 把流控规则nacos配置持久化datasource:ds1:nacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848dataId: sentinel-ruoyi-gatewaygroupId: DEFAULT_GROUPdata-type: json# 网关的流控类型才是gw-flow，普通是flowrule-type: gw-flow

sentinel-ruoyi-gateway 文件的详细内容

在 nacos 的 sentinel-ruoyi-gateway文件中，配置如如下内容，完成了对 4 个微服务的“总体流控”。

[{"resource": "ruoyi-auth","count": 500,"grade": 1,"limitApp": "default","strategy": 0,"controlBehavior": 0},{"resource": "ruoyi-system","count": 1000,"grade": 1,"limitApp": "default","strategy": 0,"controlBehavior": 0},{"resource": "ruoyi-gen","count": 200,"grade": 1,"limitApp": "default","strategy": 0,"controlBehavior": 0},{"resource": "ruoyi-job","count": 300,"grade": 1,"limitApp": "default","strategy": 0,"controlBehavior": 0}
]

2. 网关与普通服务的限流区别

限流是网关的重要职责之一，“对网关限流”跟“服务的URL限流”并不是完全一样，主要体现在以下几个方面。

2.1. 引入的组件有差别

普通需要限流服务引入的组件

<!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos Config -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- 限流规则持久化到nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId><artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

在pom.xml中添加相关依赖，这里我们使用Nacos作为注册中心，所以需要同时添加Nacos的依赖

有 nacos-discovery、nacos-config、alibaba-sentinel3 个组件。

网关需要限流服务引入的组件

<!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos Config -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel Gateway -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- 限流规则持久化到nacos -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId><artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

比普通服务的限流多了一个 sentinel-gateway组件。

2.2. 配置文件有差别

下面的配置是连接 Sentinel dashboard 控制台，这个配置是一样的。

spring:application:name: sentinel-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址sentinel:transport:dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置sentinel dashboard地址port: 8719

普通服务的 nacos 持久化配置

spring:cloud:sentinel:datasource:ds1:nacos:server-addr: localhost:8848dataId: ${spring.application.name}-sentinelgroupId: DEFAULT_GROUPdata-type: jsonrule-type: flow

网关服务的 nacos 持久化配置

spring:cloud:sentinel:      # 把流控规则nacos配置持久化datasource:ds1:nacos:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848dataId: sentinel-ruoyi-gatewaygroupId: DEFAULT_GROUPdata-type: json# 网关的流控类型才是gw-flow，普通是flowrule-type: gw-flow