C++语法学习的主要内容

科技特长生方向，主要学习的内容为

一，《C++语法》

二，《数据结构》

三，《算法》

四，《计算机基础知识》

五，《初高中的数学知识》

其中，《C++语法》学习的主要内容如下:

1,cout输出语句和键盘的基本操作

#include <iostream>
int main()
{std::cout << "dsaffd\n";
}

2，int整数变量的定义和加减运算

#include <iostream>
int main()
{int a;a = 10;int b = 20;int c;c = a + b;std::cout << "c=" << c << std::endl;
}

3，cin输入和if else 判断语句的使用

#include <iostream>
int main()
{int a, b;std::cin >> a >> b;if (a > b){std::cout << "a大" << std::endl;}else {std::cout << "b大" << std::endl;}
}

4，float变量的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{cout << "计算器程序 加法输入1 减法输入2"<<endl;int a;cin >> a;if (a == 1){float b, c, d;cout << "请输入第1个数 然后按回车" << endl;cin >> b;cout << "请输入第2个数 然后按回车" << endl;cin >> c;d = b + c;cout << "两个数的和是" << d << endl;}    else if (a == 2){float b, c, d;cout << "请输入第1个数 然后按回车" << endl;cin >> b;cout << "请输入第2个数 然后按回车" << endl;cin >> c;d = b - c;cout << "两个数的差是" << d << endl;}
}

5，int 一维数据的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int x[3] = {5,3,2};cout << "数组中第1个数是" << x[0] << endl;cout << "数组中第2个数是" << x[1] << endl;cout << "数组中第3个数是" << x[2] << endl;cout << "第2和第3个数的和是" << x[1]+x[2] << endl;x[0] = 12;cout << "数组中第1个数 修改后是" << x[0] << endl;
}

6，++运算符的使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int a=0;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;cout << a << endl;a++;
}

7，for 循环语句的使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{for (int a=0;a<=100;a++){cout << a << endl;}
}

8，while循环语句的使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int a = 0;while (a<=100){cout << a << endl;a++;}
}

9，无返回值函数的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void 输出()
{cout << "fdsafs" << endl;
}
void 循环输出()
{for (int a = 0; a <= 100; a++){cout << a << endl;}
}
int main()
{输出();循环输出();
}

10，返回值函数的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void 输出()
{cout << "fdsafs" << endl;
}
int 加法(int a, int b)
{int x;x = a + b;return x;
}
int 减法(int a, int b)
{int x;x = a - b;return x;
}
int main()
{输出();int x;x = 加法(2, 3);cout << "x=" << x << endl;
}

11，C++ 类

#include <iostream>
class A
{int a;//默认是私有数据，类外部无法调用 
private: //私有的 数据int b;
protected://protected 是介于 private 和 public 之间的一种可见性修饰符。protected 成员既不能被外部对象直接访问，但可以被派生类（继承类）访问int c;
public:  //公共的 数据int d;void ax(){a = 1008;std::cout << "ax函数:" << std::endl;}
};
int main()
{A m;m.d = 10;std::cout << m.d << std::endl;m.ax();
}

12，C++语法之类的继承一

#include <iostream>
class A
{
public:A(){a = 10;b = 20;}int a, b; void ax(){std::cout << "ax函数:"<< std::endl;}
};
class B :public A
{
public:void bx(){std::cout << "bx函数:" << std::endl;}
};int main()
{A m;m.ax();B n;n.ax();n.bx();
}

13，C++类的构造函数和析构函数

#include <iostream>
class A
{
public:int a;A(){a = 0;std::cout << "A的 不带参数的 构造函数:" << std::endl;}A(int b){a = b;std::cout << "A的 带参数的 构造函数:" << std::endl;}~A(){std::cout << "A的 析构函数:" << std::endl;}void ax(){std::cout << "ax函数:" << std::endl;}};
int main()
{std::cout << "测试一\n\n\n";A m;m.ax();std::cout << "\n\n测试二\n\n";A n(2);n.ax();
}

14，C++语法之类的继承中的构造函数

#include <iostream>
class A
{
public:A(){std::cout << "A的 构造函数:" << std::endl;}~A(){std::cout << "A的 析构函数:" << std::endl;}void ax(){std::cout << "ax函数:" << std::endl;}};
class B :public A
{
public:B(){std::cout << "B的 构造函数:" << std::endl;}~B(){std::cout << "B的 析构函数:" << std::endl;}
};int main()
{B m;m.ax();
}

15，指针的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int a = 10;int* p;p = &a;cout << "a=" << a << endl;cout << "&a=" << &a << endl;cout << "p=" << p << endl;cout << "*p=" << *p << endl;*p = 20;cout << "a=" << a << endl;cout << "&a=" << &a << endl;cout << "p=" << p << endl;cout << "*p=" << *p << endl;}

16，C++语法之类的this指针

#include <iostream>
class A
{
public:A(){a = 10;b = 20;}int a, b; void add(int a, int b){int c= a + b;std::cout << "add:"<<c << std::endl;}void add2(int a, int b){int c = this->a + this->b;std::cout << "add2:" << c << std::endl;}void add3(int a, int b){       std::cout << "add3:" << std::endl;this->add(a,b);this->add2(a,b);}
};int main()
{A m;m.add(2, 3);m.add2(2, 3);m.add3(2, 3);
}

17，C++语法之命名空间一

#include <iostream>
namespace a
{void 输出(){std::cout << "命名空间a里的输出函数" << std::endl;}
};
namespace b
{void 输出(){std::cout << "命名空间b里的输出函数" << std::endl;}
};
using namespace a;//这里引入命名空间
int main()
{输出();
}

#include <iostream>
namespace a
{void 输出(){std::cout << "命名空间a里的输出函数" << std::endl;}
};
namespace b
{void 输出(){std::cout << "命名空间b里的输出函数" << std::endl;}
};int main()
{a::输出();//用命名空间调用函数
}

18，C++语法之命名空间二

A.h头文件中代码：

namespace a
{void 输出();
};

A.cpp源文件中代码：

#include <iostream>
#include "A.h"
void a::输出()
{std::cout << "A.h里的输出函数" << std::endl;
}

B.h头文件中代码：

namespace b
{void 输出();
};

B.cpp源文件中代码：

#include <iostream>
#include "B.h"
void b::输出()
{std::cout << "B.h里的输出函数" << std::endl;
}

主函数所在源文件代码1：引入命名空间 b

#include <iostream>
#include "A.h"
#include "B.h"
using namespace b;
int main()
{输出();
}

运行结果： B.h里的输出函数

19，char变量和char数组和字符串

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{char a = 'x';cout << "a的值为" << a << endl;char x[3] = { 'a','b','c' };cout << "x[0]=" << x[0] << endl;cout << "x[1]=" << x[1] << endl;cout << "x[2]=" << x[2] << endl;char y[3] = { 'a','b','\0' };cout << "y[0]=" << y[0] << endl;cout << "y[1]=" << y[1] << endl;cout << "y[2]=" << y[2] << endl;cout << "y的值为" << y << endl;cout << "x的值为" << x << endl;
}

20，字符串相关函数

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>using namespace std;int main ()
{char str1[13] = "runoob";char str2[13] = "google";char str3[13];int  len ;// 复制 str1 到 str3strcpy( str3, str1);cout << "strcpy( str3, str1) : " << str3 << endl;// 连接 str1 和 str2strcat( str1, str2);cout << "strcat( str1, str2): " << str1 << endl;// 连接后，str1 的总长度len = strlen(str1);cout << "strlen(str1) : " << len << endl;return 0;
}

21,结构体struct

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>using namespace std;// 声明一个结构体类型 Books 
struct Books
{char  title[50];char  author[50];char  subject[100];int   book_id;
};int main( )
{Books Book1;        // 定义结构体类型 Books 的变量 Book1Books Book2;        // 定义结构体类型 Books 的变量 Book2// Book1 详述strcpy( Book1.title, "C++ 教程");strcpy( Book1.author, "Runoob"); strcpy( Book1.subject, "编程语言");Book1.book_id = 12345;// Book2 详述strcpy( Book2.title, "CSS 教程");strcpy( Book2.author, "Runoob");strcpy( Book2.subject, "前端技术");Book2.book_id = 12346;// 输出 Book1 信息cout << "第一本书标题 : " << Book1.title <<endl;cout << "第一本书作者 : " << Book1.author <<endl;cout << "第一本书类目 : " << Book1.subject <<endl;cout << "第一本书 ID : " << Book1.book_id <<endl;// 输出 Book2 信息cout << "第二本书标题 : " << Book2.title <<endl;cout << "第二本书作者 : " << Book2.author <<endl;cout << "第二本书类目 : " << Book2.subject <<endl;cout << "第二本书 ID : " << Book2.book_id <<endl;return 0;
}

22,C++ 数据类型

#include<iostream>  
#include <limits>using namespace std;  int main()  
{  cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;  cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;  cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;  cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;  cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;  cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();  cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;  cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;  cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;  cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;  cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;  cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;  cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;  cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;  cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);  cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();  cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;  cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;  // << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;  cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  return 0;  
}