声明：本文仅作为个人记录学习k8s过程的笔记。
节点规划：
两台节点为阿里云ECS云服务器，操作系统为centos7.9，master为2v4GB,node为2v2GB,硬盘空间均为40GB。（节点基础配置不低于2V2GB）
| 主机名 | 节点ip | 角色 | 部署组件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | 172.23.83.164 | master | etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet, kube-proxy, flannel |
| k8s-node1 | 172.23.83.165 | nodes | kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, flannel |
组件版本：
查看发行版：lsb_release -a
查看Linux内核：uname -r
| 组件 | 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| CentOS | 7.9.2009 | |
| Kernel | Linux 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64 | |
| etcd | 3.3.15 | 使用容器方式部署，默认数据挂载到本地路径 |
| coredns | 1.6.2 | |
| kubeadm | v1.16.2 | |
| kubectl | v1.16.2 | |
| kubelet | v1.16.2 | |
| kube-proxy | v1.16.2 | |
| flannel | v0.11.0 |
安装步骤：
1.修改hostname解析（所有节点）
- 修改 hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-masterhostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1（bash后立即生效）
或 vim /etc/hostname (重启后生效）
- 添加hosts解析
$ cat >>/etc/hosts<<EOF
172.23.83.164 k8s-master
172.23.83.165 k8s-node1
EOF或vim /etc/hosts 添加
172.23.83.164 k8s-master
172.23.83.165 k8s-node1
2.调整系统配置（所有节点）
如果节点间无安全组限制（内网机器间可以任意访问），可以忽略，否则，至少保证如下端口可通： k8s-master节点：TCP：6443，2379，2380，60080，60081UDP协议端口全部打开 k8s-slave节点：UDP协议端口全部打开
- 设置iptables
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT- 关闭swap
swapoff -a
# 防止开机自动挂载 swap 分区
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab- 关闭selinux和防火墙
sed -ri 's#(SELINUX=).*#\1disabled#' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld- 修改内核参数
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.max_map_count=262144
EOF
modprobe br_netfilter- 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -yntpdate time.windows.com- 开启ipvs
yum -y install ipset ipvsadmcat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF授权、运行：
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4检查是否加载 ：
lsmod | grep -e ipvs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4- 设置yum 源
$ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
$ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpghttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
$ yum clean all && yum makecache
3.安装docker（我安装是18.09.9，最新版本的环境搭建不成功）（所有节点）
## 查看所有的可用版本
$ yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
##安装旧版本 yum install docker-ce-cli-18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7
## 安装源里最新版本
$ yum install docker-ce## 配置docker加速
$ mkdir -p /etc/docker
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"insecure-registries": [ "172.23.83.164:5000" ], "registry-mirrors" : ["https://8xpk5wnt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
## 启动docker
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
4.部署kubernetes
（所有节点）
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.16.2 kubeadm-1.16.2 kubectl-1.16.2 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
## 查看kubeadm 版本
$ kubeadm version
## 设置kubelet开机启动
$ systemctl enable kubelet - 初始化配置文件（以下步骤均只在master执行）
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml修改kubeadm.yaml文件内容如下（修改api地址、镜像源、pod网段）
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-tokentoken: abcdef.0123456789abcdefttl: 24h0m0susages:- signing- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:advertiseAddress: 172.23.83.164 # apiserver地址，因为单master，所以配置master的节点内网IPbindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sockname: k8s-mastertaints:- effect: NoSchedulekey: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:type: CoreDNS
etcd:local:dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 修改成阿里镜像源
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.0
networking:dnsDomain: cluster.localpodSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 # Pod 网段，flannel插件需要使用这个网段serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}- 下载镜像
# 查看需要使用的镜像列表,若无问题，将得到如下列表
$ kubeadm config images list --config kubeadm.yaml
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.16.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.16.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.16.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.16.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.15-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.2# 提前下载镜像到本地
$ kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.16.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.16.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.16.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.16.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.15-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.2
- 初始化master节点
kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml（成功会出现下述信息）
- 按提示执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config - node节点加入集群（node节点）
kubeadm join 172.23.83.164:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1d1fe362b31c06f38e1097fb6bbbf89cd4ad738cafc51d49ceb86e0654ab12b2token有效期为24h，如过期可参考下文进行添加：
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58746210/article/details/139882088
- 此时执行kubectl get nodes所有节点都在notready状态（没安装网络插件）
5.安装flannel插件（master）
- 直接下载flannel的yml文件（我没成功过）
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/2140ac876ef134e0ed5af15c65e414cf26827915/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml下载不成功使用浏览器打开直接复制，vim kube-flannel.yml 粘贴即可，但是要注意格式要正确
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:name: psp.flannel.unprivilegedannotations:seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/defaultseccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/defaultapparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/defaultapparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:privileged: falsevolumes:- configMap- secret- emptyDir- hostPathallowedHostPaths:- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"readOnlyRootFilesystem: false# Users and groupsrunAsUser:rule: RunAsAnysupplementalGroups:rule: RunAsAnyfsGroup:rule: RunAsAny# Privilege EscalationallowPrivilegeEscalation: falsedefaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false# CapabilitiesallowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']defaultAddCapabilities: []requiredDropCapabilities: []# Host namespaceshostPID: falsehostIPC: falsehostNetwork: truehostPorts:- min: 0max: 65535# SELinuxseLinux:# SELinux is unsed in CaaSPrule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:name: flannel
rules:- apiGroups: ['extensions']resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']verbs: ['use']resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']- apiGroups:- ""resources:- podsverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodes/statusverbs:- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:name: flannel
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: flannelnamespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: flannelnamespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannel-cfgnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
data:cni-conf.json: |{"cniVersion": "0.2.0","name": "cbr0","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]}net-conf.json: |{"Network": "10.244.0.0/16","Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64namespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: beta.kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- amd64hostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64namespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: beta.kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- arm64hostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-armnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: beta.kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- armhostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-armcommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-armcommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64lenamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: beta.kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- ppc64lehostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64lecommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64lecommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-s390xnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: beta.kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- s390xhostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390xcommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390xcommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
- # 先拉取镜像,此过程国内速度比较慢
$ docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64- # 执行flannel安装
$ kubectl create -f kube-flannel.yml 
6.验证集群是否搭建成功
如果成功，节点状态全部为ready
如果不成功，参考
http://t.csdnimg.cn/hP6Rk
