插槽分为默认插槽,定名插槽还有作用域插槽
一.默认插槽,定名插槽
//app.vue
<template>
<div class="container"><CategoryTest title="美食" :listData="foods"><img slot="center" src="https://img2.baidu.com/it/u=381412217,2118678125&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=138&f=JPEG?w=889&h=500" alt=""><a slot="footer" href="www.baidu.com">更多美食</a></CategoryTest><CategoryTest title="游戏" :listData="games"><ul slot="center"><li v-for="(item,index) in games" :key="index">{{item}}</li></ul><div class="foot" slot="footer"><a href="www.baidu.com">单机游戏</a><a href="www.baidu.com">网络游戏</a></div></CategoryTest><CategoryTest title="电影" :listData="films"><iframe slot="center" height=498 width=510 src='https://player.youku.com/embed/XNTE4MDgwMTAzMg==' frameborder=0></iframe><template v-slot:footer><div class="foot"><a href="www.baidu.com">经典</a><a href="">热门</a><a href="">推荐</a><h4>欢迎前来观影</h4></div></template></CategoryTest>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import CategoryTest from './components/CategoryTest.vue'
export default({name:'App',components:{CategoryTest},data() {return {foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾','牛排'],games:['红色警戒','炉石传说','模拟飞行','战地','cod'],films:['教父','楚门的世界','情书','末代皇帝']}},
})
</script>
<style scoped>
.container,.foot{display: flex;justify-content: space-around;
}
iframe{width: 80%;height: 50%;margin: 0 auto;
}
.foot h4{text-align: center;
}
</style>
//categoryTest.vue
<template><div class="category"><h3>{{title}}分类</h3><!-- slot 定义一个插槽(挖个坑,等着组件的使用者进行填充) --><slot name="center">我是一个默认值,当使用者没有传递集体结构时,我会出现</slot><!-- 为slot命名name:定义一个具名插槽 --><slot name="footer">我是一个默认值,当使用者没有传递集体结构时,我会出现</slot></div>
</template><script>
export default {name:'CategoryTest',props:['title']
}
</script><style>.category{background-color: rgb(12, 207, 207);width: 300px;height: 300px;}.category h3{text-align: center;background-color: yellow;}img{width: 100%;}
</style>
效果如图:
二. 作用域插槽
//app.vue
<template>
<div class="container"><CategoryTest title="游戏"><template scope="atguigu"><div><ul><li v-for="(g,index) in atguigu.games" :key="index">{{g}}</li></ul></div></template></CategoryTest><CategoryTest title="游戏"><template scope="atguigu"><div><ol><li style="color:red" v-for="(g,index) in atguigu.games" :key="index">{{g}}</li></ol><h4>{{atguigu.x}}</h4></div></template></CategoryTest>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import CategoryTest from './components/CategoryTest.vue'
export default({name:'App',components:{CategoryTest},
})
</script>
<style scoped>
.container,.foot{display: flex;justify-content: space-around;
}
iframe{width: 80%;height: 50%;margin: 0 auto;
}
.foot h4{text-align: center;
}
</style>
//categoryTest.vue
<template><div class="category"><h3>{{title}}分类</h3><slot :games="games" :x='msg'>我是默认内容</slot></div>
</template><script>
export default {name:'CategoryTest',props:['title'],data() {return {games:['红色警戒','炉石传说','模拟飞行','战地','cod'],msg:'时间啊,你是多么的美丽'}},
}
</script><style>.category{background-color: rgb(12, 207, 207);width: 300px;height: 300px;}.category h3{text-align: center;background-color: yellow;}img{width: 100%;}
</style>
如图所示:
三.vuex
1.概念:专门在Vue中实现集中式状态(数据)管理的一个Vue插件,对vue应用中多个组件的共享状态进行集中式的管理(读/写),也是一种组件间通信的方式,且适用于任意组件通信
2.什么时候使用Vuex
- 多个组件依赖于同一状态
- 来自不同组件的行为需要变更同一状态
1.搭建vuex环境
// 该文件用于创建vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from 'vue'
// 引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
// 使用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
// 创建并暴露store
const store= new Vuex.Store({// 准备actions--用于响应组件中的动作actions:{},
// 准备mutations--用于to操作数据(state)mutations:{},// 准备state--用于存储数据
state:{},
//准备action--用于异步操作数据
})
export default store
2.在main.js中创建vm时传入store配置项
....
//引入store
import store from './store'
//创建vm
new Vue({el:'#app',render:h=>app,store
})
如下是个案例:
2.求和案例vue版本
//app.vue
<template>
<div><count-add></count-add>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import CountAdd from "./components/CountAdd.vue"
export default({name:'App',components:{CountAdd},
})
</script>
<style scoped></style>
//coutadd.vue
<template><div><h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1><select v-model="n"><option :value="1">1</option><option :value="2">2</option><option :value="3">3</option></select><button @click="increment">+</button><button @click="decrement">-</button><button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button><button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button></div>
</template><script>
export default {name:'CountAdd',data() {return {n:1,//用户选择的数字sum:0//当前的和}},methods: {increment(){this.sum+=this.n},decrement(){this.sum-=this.n},incrementOdd(){if(this.sum%2!=0){this.sum+=this.n}},incrementWait(){setTimeout(()=>{this.sum+=this.n})}},
}
</script><style scoped>button{margin-left:5px ;}
</style>
3.求和案例vuex版本
//main.js文件
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './app.vue'
// 引入store
import store from './store/index'
// 关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = falsenew Vue({store,render: h => h(App),beforeCreate(){Vue.prototype.$bus=this}
}).$mount('#app')
//store.js文件
// 该文件用于创建vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from 'vue'
import countOption from './count'
import PersonOption from './person'
// 引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
// 使用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
// 创建并暴露store
const store= new Vuex.Store({modules:{countAbout:countOption,personAbout:PersonOption}
})
export default store
//count.js文件
const countOption={namespaced:true,actions:{jiaOdd:function(context,value){console.log('action中的jiaOdd被调用了',value)if(context.state.sum%2){context.commit('JIA',value)}},jiaWait:function(context,value){console.log('action中的jiaWait被调用了',value)setTimeout(() => {context.commit('JIA',value)}, 500);},},mutations:{JIA(state,value){console.log('mutations中的JIA被调用了',value)state.sum+=value},JIAN(state,value){console.log('mutations中的JIAN被调用了',value)state.sum-=value},},state:{sum:0,//当前的和name:'绘梨',hobby:'爱看电影的',},getters:{bigSum(state){return state.sum*10}}
}
export default countOption
//person.js
import axios from 'axios'
import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
const PersonOption={namespaced:true,actions:{add_personWang(context,value){if(value.personName.indexOf('王')===0){context.commit('add_person',value)}else{alert('添加的人名不姓王')}},addPersonServer(context){axios.get('https://api.uixsj.cn/hitokoto/get?type=social').then(Response=>{context.commit('add_person',{id:nanoid(),personName:Response.data})},error=>{alert(error.message)})}},mutations:{add_person(state,value){console.log('mutations中的add_person被调用了')state.personList.unshift(value)}},state:{personList:[{id:'001',personName:'电次'}]},getters:{firstPersonName(state){return state.personList[0].personName}}
}
export default PersonOption
在Visual Studio Code中工作区中:
我们有一个store命名的文件夹里面有:
- person.js
- count.js
- index.js
4. (模块化设计)
//app.vue
<template>
<div><count-add></count-add><person-add></person-add>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import CountAdd from "./components/CountAdd.vue"
import personAdd from './components/personAdd.vue'
export default({name:'App',components:{CountAdd,personAdd},
})
</script>
<style scoped></style>
//countadd.vue
<template><div><h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1><h1>{{hobby}}{{name}}</h1><h1>当前求和放大10倍为{{bigSum}}</h1><h1 style="color:red">person组件的总人数是:{{personList.length}}</h1><select v-model="n"><option :value="1">1</option><option :value="2">2</option><option :value="3">3</option></select><button @click="increment(n)">+</button><button @click="decrement(n)">-</button><button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button><button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button></div>
</template><script>
import {mapState,mapGetters,mapMutations,mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {name:'CountAdd',data() {return {n:1,//用户选择的数字}},methods: {//借助mpaMutations生成对应的方法,方法中对调用commit求联系mutation...mapMutations('countAbout',{increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),//借助mpaMutations生成对应的方法,方法中对调用commit求联系mutation// ...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN'])需要将上面的函数名换成同名...mapActions('countAbout',{incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})// ...mapAction(['JIAOdd','JIANWait'])需要将上面的函数名换成同名},computed:{...mapState('countAbout',['sum','name','hobby']),...mapState('personAbout',['personList']),// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(对象写法)// ...mapState({sum:'sum',hobby:'hobby',name:'name'}),// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(数组写法)// ...mapState(['sum','name','hobby','personList']),// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从Getters中读取数据(对象写法)// ...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'})// 借助mapGetter生成计算属性,从Getters中读取数据(数组写法)...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum'])}
}
</script><style scoped>button{margin-left:5px ;}
</style>
//personadd.vue
<template><div><h1>人员列表</h1><h1 style="color:red">count组件的求和为:{{sum}}</h1><h1>列表中第一个人的名字是{{firstPersonName}}</h1><input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name"><button @click="add">添加</button><button @click="addWang">添加一个姓王的人名</button><button @click="addPersonServer">添加一个人,名字随机</button><ul><li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{p.personName}}</li></ul></div>
</template><script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
import {mapState} from 'vuex'
export default {name:'personAdd',data() {return {name:''}},methods: {add(){const personObj={id:nanoid(),personName:this.name}this.$store.commit('personAbout/add_person',personObj)this.name=''},addWang(){const personObj={id:nanoid(),personName:this.name}this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/add_personWang',personObj)this.name=''},addPersonServer(){this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonServer')}},computed:{...mapState('personAbout',['personList']),...mapState('countAbout',['sum']),firstPersonName(){return this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']}}
}
</script><style></style>
如图所示:
5.vuex模块化+命名空间
目的:让代码更加好维护,让多种数据分类更加明确
步骤一:修改store.js
const countAbout={namespaced:true,//开启命名空间state:{},mutation:{},action:{},getters{}
}
const PersonAbout={namespaced:true,//开启命名空间state:{},mutation:{},action:{},getters{}
}const store=new Vuex.store({modules:{countAbout,personAbout}
})
开启命名空间后,组件中读取state数据
//方法一,自己直接读取
this.$sstre.state.personAbout.list
//方法二,借助mapState读取
...mapState('countAbout',['sum','name','hobby'])
组件中读取getters数据
//方法一,自己直接读取
this.$store.getters['personAbout/fistPersonName']
//方法二,借助mapGetter读取
...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum'])
开启命名空间后,组件中调用dispatch
//自己直接dispath
this.$store.dispath('personAbout/addPersonWang',person)
//借助mapAction
...mapAction('coutnAbout',{incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
开启命名空间后,组件中调用commit
//自己调用
this.$store.commit('personAbout/add_person',person)
//借助mapMutation
...mapMutation('countAbout',{increment:'JIA'})