上篇博客我们围绕Mybatis链接数据库进行了相关概述,并对Mybatis的配置文件进行详细的描述,本篇博客也是建立在上篇博客之上进行的,在上面博客搭建的框架基础上,我们对MyBatis实现简单的增删改查操作进行重点概述,在MyBatis中实现简单的增删改查,算是我们在处理业务的时候经常干的事情,使用Mybatis可以帮助我们将数据库操作封装在映射文件或者映射接口中,让开发人员可以通过简单的配置或者接口方法来执行数据库操作,进而无需重复编写繁琐的SQL,并且可以灵活编写SQL语句,可以根据实际需求进行SQL拼接,从而提高数据库操作的灵活性和可用性。
项目目录结构
PS: 上述的Service层是我为了按照规范进行开发创建的相关类,实际开发中则需要按照上述规范进行,而本篇博客我们将不会使用到service层,所以,读者可以无需创建Service和ServiceImpl。
关注点:
- MyBatis实现简单的增删改查也会实现MyBatis实现一些相对复杂的查询功能,其中包括查询List集合,查询一个实体类对象,以及查询单个数据,查询单条为Map的集合和多条Map的集合。
- MyBatis获取参数值的两种方式:
${}和#{}
- 特殊SQL的执行:模糊查询,批量删除,动态设置表名,添加功能获取自增的主键
- 自定义映射resultMap,多对一和一对多映射关系处理
数据库
CREATE TABLE `test`.`user` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL,`username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,`sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;CREATE TABLE `test`.`book` (`uid` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',`book` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户借的书的名称',`cool` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'cool星级',PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
实体Bean
public class Book {private Integer uid;private String book;private String cool;public Book() {}public Book(Integer uid, String book, String cool) {this.uid = uid;this.book = book;this.cool = cool;}public Integer getUid() {return uid;}public void setUid(Integer uid) {this.uid = uid;}public String getBook() {return book;}public void setBook(String book) {this.book = book;}public String getCool() {return cool;}public void setCool(String cool) {this.cool = cool;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +", uid=" + uid +", book='" + book + '\'' +", cool='" + cool + '\'' +'}';}
}
public class User {private int id;private String name;private String username;private String sex;private Book book;private Integer uid;private String bookName;private String cool;@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"id=" + id +", name='" + name + '\'' +", username='" + username + '\'' +", sex='" + sex + '\'' +", book=" + book +'}';}public Integer getUid() {return uid;}public void setUid(Integer uid) {this.uid = uid;}public String getBookName() {return bookName;}public void setBookName(String bookName) {this.bookName = bookName;}public String getCool() {return cool;}public void setCool(String cool) {this.cool = cool;}public Book getBook() {return book;}public void setBook(Book book) {this.book = book;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}public User(int id, String name, String username, String sex) {this.id = id;this.name = name;this.username = username;this.sex = sex;}public User() {}
}
Mapper映射层接口
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {/*** 查询用户对象*/User selectUser(@Param("user") User user);/*** 插入用户数据*/int insertUser(User user);/*** 更新数据*/int updateUser(@Param("user") User user);/*** 删除用户数据*/int deleteUser(int id);/*** 批量删除用户数据*/int deleteUserBatch(@Param("ids") String ids);/*** 查询所有用户数据*/List<User> selectAll();/*** 查询单条数据,并转化为Map对象数据*/Map<String,Object> getUserToMap(@Param("id") int id);/*** 查询多条数据斌并转化为Map对象数据*/List<Map<String,Object>> get100UserToMap();/*** 查询多条数据并转换为Map对象的数据的第二种方式*/@MapKey("id")Map<Integer,User> get100UserToMap2();/*** 模糊查询*/List<User> selectUserLike(@Param("user") User user);/*** 动态设置表名查询数据*/List<User> selectUserByTableName(@Param("tableName") String tableName);/** 根据用户id查询信息*/User getUserById(int id);/** 管理其他表一对一查询 */User getUserBookById(int id);
}
Mapper接口对应的映射xml文件
关注
Mapper文件我们需要注意的是:
resultType
:resultType
用于指定查询结果的类型。它可以是Java的基本数据类型(如int、String等),也可以是自定义的Java对象。MyBatis会根据查询结果的列名和resultType的类型进行自动映射。示例代码如下:
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.example.User">SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
resultType指定了查询结果的类型为com.example.User,MyBatis会将查询结果自动映射到User对象中。
parameterType
:parameterType
用于指定SQL语句的参数类型。它可以是Java的基本数据类型、Java对象或者是一个Map。示例代码如下:
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.example.User">INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES (#{id}, #{name}, #{age})
</insert>
parameterType指定了插入语句的参数类型为com.example.User,MyBatis会将User对象的属性值作为参数传递给SQL语句。
id
:id用于唯一标识映射文件(或注解)中的语句。它是一个字符串,可以自定义命名,用于在代码中调用对应的SQL语句。示例代码如下:
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.example.User">SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
UserMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.miaow.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper"><!--resultMap:设置自定义映射属性:id:表示自定义映射的唯一标识type:查询的数据要映射的实体类的类型子标签:id:设置主键的映射关系result:设置普通字段的映射关系association:设置多对一的映射关系collection:设置一对多的映射关系属性:property:设置映射关系中实体类中的属性名column:设置映射关系中表中的字段名--><resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
<!-- 实际山和我们数据库字段别名差不多--><id property="id" column="id"></id><result property="name" column="name"></result><result property="username" column="username"></result><result property="sex" column="sex"></result><association property="book" javaType="Book"><id property="uid" column="uid"></id><result property="book" column="bookName"></result><result property="cool" column="cool"></result></association></resultMap><!-- 根据resultMap获取相关数据--><select id="getUserById" resultMap="userMap" parameterType="int">select * from user where id = #{id};</select><!-- 管理其他表一对一查询 --><select id="getUserBookById" resultMap="userMap" parameterType="int">select a.*,b.uid as uid,b.book as bookName ,b.cool as cool from user aleft join book b on a.id = b.uidwhere a.id = #{id}</select><!-- 插入单条数据* useGeneratedKeys:设置使用自增的主键* keyProperty:因为增删改有统一的返回值是受影响的行数,因此只能将获取的自增的主键放在传输的参数user对象的某个属性中--><insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" >insert into user values(#{id},#{username},#{name},#{sex})</insert><!-- 更新数据 --><update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User">update user set name = #{user.name} where id = #{user.id}</update><!-- 删除单条数据--><delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">delete from user where id = #{id}</delete>
<!-- 批量删除数据--><delete id="deleteUserBatch" parameterType="java.lang.String">delete from user where id in (${ids})</delete><!-- 根据ID查询相关数据--><select id="selectUser" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User">select * from user where id = #{user.id}</select>
<!-- 查询数据库所有数据--><select id="selectAll" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User">select * from user</select><select id="getUserToMap" resultType="java.util.Map" parameterType="int">select * from user where id = #{id};</select><select id="get100UserToMap" resultType="java.util.Map">select * from user limit 100;</select><select id="get100UserToMap2" resultType="java.util.Map">select * from user limit 100;</select><select id="selectUserLike" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User"parameterType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User">select * from user where username like "%" #{user.username} "%"</select>
<!-- 动态设置表名查询数据 --><select id="selectUserByTableName" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User"parameterType="java.lang.String">select * from ${tableName} limit 100</select>
</mapper>
我们根据上述的这个XML文件进行配置进行讲解:
MyBatis实现简单的增删改查也会实现MyBatis实现一些相对复杂的查询功能,其中包括查询List集合,查询一个实体类对象,以及查询单个数据,查询单条为Map的集合和多条Map的集合。
简单的新增
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" >insert into user values(#{id},#{username},#{name},#{sex})</insert>
我们通过SQL语句和Xml的配置文件写入SQL,但是不知道眼尖的同学看到没有,这里边我写了插入id,实际上是我架构表的时候,没有使用自增,这算是我的锅,如果你配置了自增,我们有没有发现useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"
这个语句?
useGeneratedKeys
:设置使用自增的主键,默认为False。
我们在插入数据的时候,我们有时候需要直接插入数据的时候,这个时候我们可能不知道我们插入的主键id是多少
这个时候我们只需要配置 useGeneratedKeys=“true” keyProperty=“id” 然后我们就可以直接拿到我们插入数据的主键id,比如int value = userMapper.insertUser(user); int id = userVo.getId();
//获取插入数据后的主键id
keyProperty
:因为增删改有统一的返回值是受影响的行数,因此只能将获取的自增的主键放在传输的参数user对象的某个属性中,比如我上面的是绑定的id,那么Mybatis就将返回的id值存入到实体类的与之相同的字段中。
删除单条数据
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">delete from user where id = #{id}</delete>
删除多条数据
<!-- 批量删除数据--><delete id="deleteUserBatch" parameterType="java.lang.String">delete from user where id in (${ids})</delete>
public void test8() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);String i = "5,6,7,8,9";int V = userMapper.deleteUserBatch(i);if(V > 0){System.out.println("success");}else {System.out.println("fail");}}
查询一个实体类对象
User getUserById(@Param("id") int id);
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User">select * from t_user where id = #{id}
</select>
${}和#{}
MyBatis获取参数值的两种方式: ${}和#{}
${}
的本质就是字符串拼接,#{}
的本质就是占位符赋值
#{}
:#{}
是预编译的占位符,它会将参数值作为参数对象的属性值进行处理,并使用预编译语句来执行数据库操作。这种方式可以提供更好的系统安全性,因为参数值会被自动转义,从而防止SQL注入攻击。使用#{}可以有效地防止恶意用户通过参数值注入恶意的SQL代码。
${}
:${}
是字符串替换的占位符,它会将参数值直接替换到SQL语句中。这种方式更加灵活,可以在SQL语句中使用动态的表名、列名或其他字符串。然而,使用${}
也带来了一些安全风险,因参数值不会被自动转义,可能会导致SQL注入攻击。因此,使用${}
时需要确保参数值的安全性,例如通过输入验证或白名单过滤来防止恶意输入。
${}
使用字符串拼接的方式拼接sql,若为字符串类型或日期类型的字段进行赋值时,需要手动加单引号;
但是#{}
使用占位符赋值的方式拼接sql,此时为字符串类型或日期类型的字段进行赋值时,可以自动添加单引号
MyBatis中建议使用#{}
,原因在于其可以预防SQL注入,而${}
无法预防SQL注入
特殊SQL的执行:模糊查询,批量删除,动态设置表名,添加功能获取自增的主键
自定义映射
驼峰配置
主要为了解决java字段和数据库字段不一致问题。我们有两种方式,一种是自定义映射,一种是我们在MyBatis中配置驼峰命名的规则的自动映射。
<settings><setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
MyBatis的全局配置文件中开启驼峰命名规则的自动映射。通过设置mapUnderscoreToCamelCase
属性为true,MyBatis会自动将数据库表的下划线命名转换为Java对象的驼峰命名。
自定义映射resultMap,多对一和一对多映射关系处理
resultMap:设置自定义映射
属性:
id:表示自定义映射的唯一标识
type:查询的数据要映射的实体类的类型
子标签:
id:设置主键的映射关系
result:设置普通字段的映射关系
association:设置多对一的映射关系
collection:设置一对多的映射关系
属性:
property:设置映射关系中实体类中的属性名
column:设置映射关系中表中的字段名
<resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
<!-- 实际山和我们数据库字段别名差不多--><id property="id" column="id"></id><result property="name" column="name"></result><result property="username" column="username"></result><result property="sex" column="sex"></result><association property="book" javaType="Book"><id property="uid" column="uid"></id><result property="book" column="bookName"></result><result property="cool" column="cool"></result></association></resultMap>
自定义设置表名
<!-- 动态设置表名查询数据 --><select id="selectUserByTableName" resultType="com.miaow.mybatis.bean.User"parameterType="java.lang.String">select * from ${tableName} limit 100</select>
/**动态设置表名查询数据 可以通过@Param注解标识mapper接口中的方法参数此时,会将这些参数放在map集合中,以@Param注解的value属性值为键,以参数为值;*/
List<User> selectUserByTableName(@Param("tableName") String tableName);
// 动态设置表名查询数据@Testpublic void test9() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);//根据我们传入的表名查询对应的表信息List<User> users = userMapper.selectUserByTableName("user");for (User user : users) {System.out.println(user);}}
测试类
public class UserTest {@Resourceprivate UserService userService;//插入单条数据@Testpublic void test() throws IOException {//仅仅属于Mybatis框架的相关知识解决相关问题//首先读取Mybatis配置文件InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml");//创建SqlSessionFactorySqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);//创建SqlSession//第一个参数为是否自动提交,true为自动提交,false为手动提交,默认为false//SqlSession对象,此时通过sqlSession对象所操作的sql都会提交SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);//通过sqlSession对象获取mapper接口对象UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);//执行sql,插入数据的时候,我做了一个操作就获取主键的操作,调用的事Mybatis的主键回调功能int i = userMapper.insertUser(new User(1,"miaow","罗小黑","1"));if(i > 0){System.out.println("success");}else {System.out.println("fail");}//提交事务//session.commit();//关闭sessionsession.close();}//查询表中所有数据@Testpublic void test2() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);List<User> users = userMapper.selectAll();if(users == null && users.size() == 0){System.out.println("你查询的表无数据");return;}for (User user : users) {System.out.println(user);}session.close();}//根据ID查询相关数据@Testpublic void test3() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);User user = new User();user.setId(82);User findById = userMapper.selectUser(user);System.out.println(findById);}//查询单条数据@Testpublic void findByIdData() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);User user = userMapper.getUserById(86);System.out.println(user);}//查询单条数据为map集合@Testpublic void test4() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);Map<String, Object> userToMap = userMapper.getUserToMap(520);System.out.println(userToMap);}//查询前100条数据并将数据转换为Map集合@Testpublic void test5() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);List<Map<String,Object>> userToMapList = userMapper.get100UserToMap();for (Map<String, Object> map : userToMapList) {System.out.println(map);}}//查询前100条数据并将数据转换为Map集合方式2@Testpublic void findData() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);Map<Integer, User> map = userMapper.get100UserToMap2();Set<Integer> integers = map.keySet();for (Integer integer : integers) {System.out.println(map.get(integer));}}//删除单条数据@Testpublic void test6() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);int i = userMapper.deleteUser(82);if(i > 0){System.out.println("success");}else {System.out.println("fail");}}//批量删除数据@Testpublic void test8() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);String i = "5,6,7,8,9";int V = userMapper.deleteUserBatch(i);if(V > 0){System.out.println("success");}else {System.out.println("fail");}}//模糊查询@Testpublic void test7() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);User user = new User();user.setUsername("K");List<User> users = userMapper.selectUserLike(user);for (User user1 : users) {System.out.println(user1);}}// 动态设置表名查询数据@Testpublic void test9() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);List<User> users = userMapper.selectUserByTableName("user");for (User user : users) {System.out.println(user);}}//更新表中数据@Testpublic void test10() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);User user = new User();user.setId(58);user.setName("罗小黑");int i = userMapper.updateUser(user);if(i > 0){System.out.println("success");}else {System.out.println("fail");}}// association一对一联查@Testpublic void test11() throws IOException {InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);UserMapper userMapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);User user = userMapper.getUserBookById(520);System.out.println(user);}
}