本文演示了python通过ctypes调用C/C++ SDK,当SDK异常时,同时打印C/C++/Python的栈信息.基于traceback、addr2line、PyErr_SetString、backtrace_symbols

一.复现步骤

cat > print_backtrace.h <<-'EOF'
#ifndef __PRINT_BACKTRACE_H__
#define __PRINT_BACKTRACE_H__
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
void print_backtrace();
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif // __PRINT_BACKTRACE_H__
EOFcat > print_backtrace.cpp <<-'EOF'
#include "print_backtrace.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <Python.h>#define MAX_FRAMES   128
#define BUFFER_SIZE  512void print_backtrace()
{// 1.打印调用栈void *buff[MAX_FRAMES] = { 0 };unsigned int depth = backtrace(buff, MAX_FRAMES);char **strings = backtrace_symbols(buff, depth);printf("-----------------------print_backtrace(c/c++)--------------------\n");for (int i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++){if (i >= depth) {break;}// 1.1 将地址转换为代码路径和行号{char cmdline[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};snprintf(cmdline, BUFFER_SIZE, "bash ./parser.sh \"%s\"", strings[i]);FILE *pFd = popen(cmdline, "r");if ( pFd == nullptr ){printf("popen failed\n");return ;}char buf[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};fread(buf, sizeof(buf)/sizeof (buf[0]), 1, pFd);printf("%s", buf);pclose(pFd); }        }free(strings);// 2.触发python异常if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {Py_Initialize();}        PyGILState_STATE gstate;gstate = PyGILState_Ensure();PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "print_backtrace trigger_error");PyGILState_Release(gstate);
}
EOFcat > api.c <<-'EOF'
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "print_backtrace.h"int function_a() {printf("%s %d\n",__FILE__,__LINE__);print_backtrace();return 0;
}int function_b() {printf("%s %d\n",__FILE__,__LINE__);function_a();return 0;
}int function_c() {printf("%s %d\n",__FILE__,__LINE__);function_b();return 0;
}int function_d() {printf("%s %d\n",__FILE__,__LINE__);function_c();return 0;
}int function_e() {printf("%s %d\n",__FILE__,__LINE__);function_d();return 0;
}
EOFcat > parser.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bashline=`echo $1 | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/[()]/ /g'`
so_path=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`if [ ! -f $so_path ];thenexit 0
fiaddr_path=`echo $line | awk '{print $2}'`
function_name=`echo $addr_path | awk -F+ '{print $1}'`
offset=`echo $addr_path | awk -F+ '{print $2}'`if [ $function_name ];thenfunction_base=`nm $so_path | grep -w "$function_name" | awk '{print $1}'`abs_addr=`echo "$function_base $offset" | gawk --non-decimal-data '{A="0x"$1;B=$2;printf "0x%x\n",A+B}'`debug_info=`addr2line -f $abs_addr -e $so_path`
elsedebug_info=`addr2line -f $offset -e $so_path`
fiecho $debug_info
EOFcat > main.py <<-'EOF'
import ctypes
import tracebackdef function_a():print("function_a")lib = ctypes.CDLL('./libapi.so')function_e = lib.function_efunction_e()def function_b():print("function_b")function_a()def function_c():print("function_c")function_b()def function_d():print("function_d")function_c()try:function_d()
except:print("-----------------------print_backtrace(python)--------------------")traceback.print_exc()
EOFg++ -fPIC -g -shared -o libprint_backtrace.so print_backtrace.cpp \-I /home/anaconda3/envs/demo/include/python3.10 \/home/anaconda3/envs/demo/lib/libpython3.10.so \-Wl,-rpath=/home/anaconda3/envs/demo/lib/gcc -fPIC -g -shared -o libapi.so api.c  -L . -lprint_backtrace -Wl,-rpath=.
python3 main.py

二.输出

function_d
function_c
function_b
function_a
api.c 30
api.c 24
api.c 18
api.c 12
api.c 6
-----------------------print_backtrace(c/c++)--------------------
print_backtrace /home/print_backtrace.cpp:18
function_a /home/api.c:8
function_b /home/api.c:14
function_c /home/api.c:20
function_d /home/api.c:26
function_e /home/api.c:32
ffi_call_unix64 :?
ffi_call_int ffi64.c:?
ffi_call ??:?
addr2line: DWARF error: can't find .debug_ranges section.
_ctypes_callproc.cold :?
addr2line: DWARF error: can't find .debug_ranges section.
PyCFuncPtr_call.cold :?
nm: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: no symbols
?? ??:0
-----------------------print_backtrace(python)--------------------
RuntimeError: print_backtrace trigger_errorThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:Traceback (most recent call last):File "/home/main.py", line 39, in <module>function_d()File "/home/main.py", line 36, in function_dfunction_c()File "/home/main.py", line 32, in function_cfunction_b()File "/home/main.py", line 28, in function_bfunction_a()File "/home/main.py", line 24, in function_afunction_e()
SystemError: <_FuncPtr object at 0x7f10c6d4cdc0> returned a result with an exception set