【Maven_bugs】The project main artifact does not exist

背景：我想使用 maven-shade-plugin 打一个 fat jar 时报了标题中的错误，使用的命令是：org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-shade-plugin:shade -pl :shade-project。项目结构如下图，我想把子模块 shade-project 打成一个 fat jar：

请添加图片描述
执行命令后控制台打印如下：

xxx@xxxdeMacBook-Air maven-package-demo % mvn org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-shade-plugin:shade -pl :shade-project
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< cn.myphoenix:shade-project >---------------------
[INFO] Building shade-project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]   from pom.xml
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[WARNING] The artifact mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.33 has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.33: MySQL Connector/J artifacts moved to reverse-DNS compliant Maven 2+ coordinates.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- shade:3.6.0:shade (default-cli) @ shade-project ---
[ERROR] The project main artifact does not exist. This could have the following
[ERROR] reasons:
[ERROR] - You have invoked the goal directly from the command line. This is not
[ERROR]   supported. Please add the goal to the default lifecycle via an
[ERROR]   <execution> element in your POM and use "mvn package" to have it run.
[ERROR] - You have bound the goal to a lifecycle phase before "package". Please
[ERROR]   remove this binding from your POM such that the goal will be run in
[ERROR]   the proper phase.
[ERROR] - You removed the configuration of the maven-jar-plugin that produces the main artifact.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.229 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-12-24T21:38:23+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-shade-plugin:3.6.0:shade (default-cli) on project shade-project: Failed to create shaded artifact, project main artifact does not exist. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

可以看到控制台也打印了 3 个原因，如下所示：

You have invoked the goal directly from the command line. This is not supported. Please add the goal to the default lifecycle via an element in your POM and use “mvn package” to have it run.
You have bound the goal to a lifecycle phase before “package”. Please remove this binding from your POM such that the goal will be run in the proper phase.
You removed the configuration of the maven-jar-plugin that produces the main artifact.

总结来说，maven-shade-plugin 的 shade 插件需要借助 maven-jar-plugin 插件的 jar 目标打的 jar 包。官方还推荐了，将 shade 目标绑定到 package 及 package 以后的阶段，然后直接使用 mvn package 命令运行 shade 插件。

然后，我将 shade 目标绑定到了 package 阶段，pom 如下所示：

<build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId><version>3.6.0</version><executions><execution><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>shade</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>

执行 mvn package -pl :shade-project，但还有报错如下：

xxx@xxxdeMacBook-Air maven-package-demo % mvn package -pl :shade-project
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< cn.myphoenix:shade-project >---------------------
[INFO] Building shade-project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]   from pom.xml
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[WARNING] The artifact mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.33 has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.33: MySQL Connector/J artifacts moved to reverse-DNS compliant Maven 2+ coordinates.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:resources (default-resources) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Copying 0 resource from src/main/resources to target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- compiler:3.13.0:compile (default-compile) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Recompiling the module because of changed source code.
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file with javac [debug target 8] to target/classes
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] No compiler is provided in this environment. Perhaps you are running on a JRE rather than a JDK?
[INFO] 1 error
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.340 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-12-24T21:46:59+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.13.0:compile (default-compile) on project shade-project: Compilation failure
[ERROR] No compiler is provided in this environment. Perhaps you are running on a JRE rather than a JDK?
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

报错原因：环境没有提供编译器，可能编译过程运行在 JRE 上，而不是 JDK 上。

解决方案：https://www.cnblogs.com/wxmdevelop/p/18342861

查看 Maven 版本信息，貌似路径有些问题，如下所示，Maven 没有找到 JDK

xxx@xxxdeMacBook-Air ~ % mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.9.9 (8e8579a9e76f7d015ee5ec7bfcdc97d260186937)
Maven home: /Users/xxx/softwares/developer/apache-maven-3.9.9
Java version: 1.8.0_421, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "15.1", arch: "aarch64", family: "mac"

重新配置 JDK 和 Maven 环境变量：

JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-1.8.jdk/Contents/Home
M2_HOME=/Users/xxx/softwares/developer/apache-maven-3.9.9
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH
export CLASSPATH
export M2_HOME

再次查看 Maven 的版本信息，路径正确：

xxx@xxxdeMacBook-Air ~ % mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.9.9 (8e8579a9e76f7d015ee5ec7bfcdc97d260186937)
Maven home: /Users/xxx/softwares/developer/apache-maven-3.9.9
Java version: 1.8.0_421, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-1.8.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "15.1", arch: "aarch64", family: "mac"

重新执行 mvn package -pl :shade-project，成功：

xxx@xxxdeMacBook-Air maven-package-demo % mvn package -pl :shade-project
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for cn.myphoenix:shade-project:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for cn.myphoenix:big-marketing-wheel:jar should use a variable instead of a hard-coded path /Users/xxx/desktop/big-marketing-wheel-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar @ line 55, column 25
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< cn.myphoenix:shade-project >---------------------
[INFO] Building shade-project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]   from pom.xml
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[WARNING] The artifact mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.33 has been relocated to com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.33: MySQL Connector/J artifacts moved to reverse-DNS compliant Maven 2+ coordinates.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:resources (default-resources) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Copying 0 resource from src/main/resources to target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- compiler:3.13.0:compile (default-compile) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Recompiling the module because of changed source code.
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file with javac [debug target 8] to target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.1:testResources (default-testResources) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/xxx/Code_Workspace/IDEA_Workspace/maven_project/maven-package-demo/shade-project/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- compiler:3.13.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- surefire:3.2.5:test (default-test) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- jar:3.4.1:jar (default-jar) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/xxx/Code_Workspace/IDEA_Workspace/maven_project/maven-package-demo/shade-project/target/shade-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- shade:3.6.0:shade (default) @ shade-project ---
[INFO] Including org.mybatis:mybatis:jar:3.5.16 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.mysql:mysql-connector-j:jar:8.0.33 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:jar:3.21.9 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Dependency-reduced POM written at: /Users/xxx/Code_Workspace/IDEA_Workspace/maven_project/maven-package-demo/shade-project/dependency-reduced-pom.xml
[WARNING] mybatis-3.5.16.jar, mysql-connector-j-8.0.33.jar, protobuf-java-3.21.9.jar, shade-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar define 1 overlapping resource: 
[WARNING]   - META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
[WARNING] maven-shade-plugin has detected that some files are
[WARNING] present in two or more JARs. When this happens, only one
[WARNING] single version of the file is copied to the uber jar.
[WARNING] Usually this is not harmful and you can skip these warnings,
[WARNING] otherwise try to manually exclude artifacts based on
[WARNING] mvn dependency:tree -Ddetail=true and the above output.
[WARNING] See https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing /Users/xxx/Code_Workspace/IDEA_Workspace/maven_project/maven-package-demo/shade-project/target/shade-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /Users/xxx/Code_Workspace/IDEA_Workspace/maven_project/maven-package-demo/shade-project/target/shade-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.203 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-12-24T22:09:13+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------