为了使聊天机器人在生成答案时不依赖于特定的训练数据集，我引入其他方法来生成答案。例如，可以使用预训练的语言模型（如BERT）直接生成答案，或者使用搜索引擎来获取答案。以下BERT的中文问答系统36-1改进后的代码
1.引入预训练模型生成答案：使用BERT模型直接生成答案。
2.使用搜索引擎获取答案：如果模型生成的答案不满意，可以使用搜索引擎（如百度）来获取答案。

import os
import json
import jsonlines
import torch
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
from transformers import BertModel, BertTokenizer, BertForQuestionAnswering
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox, ttk
import logging
from difflib import SequenceMatcher
from datetime import datetime
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup# 获取项目根目录
PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))# 配置日志
LOGS_DIR = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'logs')
os.makedirs(LOGS_DIR, exist_ok=True)def setup_logging():log_file = os.path.join(LOGS_DIR, datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S_羲和.txt'))logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',handlers=[logging.FileHandler(log_file),logging.StreamHandler()])setup_logging()# 数据集类
class XihuaDataset(Dataset):def __init__(self, file_path, tokenizer, max_length=128):self.tokenizer = tokenizerself.max_length = max_lengthself.data = self.load_data(file_path)def load_data(self, file_path):data = []if file_path.endswith('.jsonl'):with jsonlines.open(file_path) as reader:for i, item in enumerate(reader):try:data.append(item)except jsonlines.jsonlines.InvalidLineError as e:logging.warning(f"跳过无效行 {i + 1}: {e}")elif file_path.endswith('.json'):with open(file_path, 'r') as f:try:data = json.load(f)except json.JSONDecodeError as e:logging.warning(f"跳过无效文件 {file_path}: {e}")return datadef __len__(self):return len(self.data)def __getitem__(self, idx):item = self.data[idx]question = item['question']human_answer = item['human_answers'][0]chatgpt_answer = item['chatgpt_answers'][0]try:inputs = self.tokenizer(question, return_tensors='pt', padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=self.max_length)human_inputs = self.tokenizer(human_answer, return_tensors='pt', padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=self.max_length)chatgpt_inputs = self.tokenizer(chatgpt_answer, return_tensors='pt', padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=self.max_length)except Exception as e:logging.warning(f"跳过无效项 {idx}: {e}")return self.__getitem__((idx + 1) % len(self.data))return {'input_ids': inputs['input_ids'].squeeze(),'attention_mask': inputs['attention_mask'].squeeze(),'human_input_ids': human_inputs['input_ids'].squeeze(),'human_attention_mask': human_inputs['attention_mask'].squeeze(),'chatgpt_input_ids': chatgpt_inputs['input_ids'].squeeze(),'chatgpt_attention_mask': chatgpt_inputs['attention_mask'].squeeze(),'human_answer': human_answer,'chatgpt_answer': chatgpt_answer}# 获取数据加载器
def get_data_loader(file_path, tokenizer, batch_size=8, max_length=128):dataset = XihuaDataset(file_path, tokenizer, max_length)return DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)# 模型定义
class XihuaModel(torch.nn.Module):def __init__(self, pretrained_model_name='F:/models/bert-base-chinese'):super(XihuaModel, self).__init__()self.bert = BertModel.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name)self.classifier = torch.nn.Linear(self.bert.config.hidden_size, 1)def forward(self, input_ids, attention_mask):outputs = self.bert(input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask)pooled_output = outputs.pooler_outputlogits = self.classifier(pooled_output)return logits# 训练函数
def train(model, data_loader, optimizer, criterion, device, progress_var=None):model.train()total_loss = 0.0num_batches = len(data_loader)for batch_idx, batch in enumerate(data_loader):try:input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)attention_mask = batch['attention_mask'].to(device)human_input_ids = batch['human_input_ids'].to(device)human_attention_mask = batch['human_attention_mask'].to(device)chatgpt_input_ids = batch['chatgpt_input_ids'].to(device)chatgpt_attention_mask = batch['chatgpt_attention_mask'].to(device)optimizer.zero_grad()human_logits = model(human_input_ids, human_attention_mask)chatgpt_logits = model(chatgpt_input_ids, chatgpt_attention_mask)human_labels = torch.ones(human_logits.size(0), 1).to(device)chatgpt_labels = torch.zeros(chatgpt_logits.size(0), 1).to(device)loss = criterion(human_logits, human_labels) + criterion(chatgpt_logits, chatgpt_labels)loss.backward()optimizer.step()total_loss += loss.item()if progress_var:progress_var.set((batch_idx + 1) / num_batches * 100)except Exception as e:logging.warning(f"跳过无效批次: {e}")return total_loss / len(data_loader)# 主训练函数
def main_train(retrain=False):device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')logging.info(f'使用设备: {device}')tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('F:/models/bert-base-chinese')model = XihuaModel(pretrained_model_name='F:/models/bert-base-chinese').to(device)if retrain:model_path = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'models/xihua_model.pth')if os.path.exists(model_path):model.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location=device))logging.info("加载现有模型")else:logging.info("没有找到现有模型，将使用预训练模型")optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-5)criterion = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()train_data_loader = get_data_loader(os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'data/train_data.jsonl'), tokenizer, batch_size=8, max_length=128)num_epochs = 30for epoch in range(num_epochs):train_loss = train(model, train_data_loader, optimizer, criterion, device)logging.info(f'Epoch [{epoch+1}/{num_epochs}], Loss: {train_loss:.8f}')torch.save(model.state_dict(), os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'models/xihua_model.pth'))logging.info("模型训练完成并保存")# 网络搜索函数
def search_baidu(query):url = f"https://www.baidu.com/s?wd={query}"headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')results = soup.find_all('div', class_='c-abstract')if results:return results[0].get_text().strip()return "没有找到相关信息"# GUI界面
class XihuaChatbotGUI:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("羲和聊天机器人")self.tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('F:/models/bert-base-chinese')self.device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')self.model = XihuaModel(pretrained_model_name='F:/models/bert-base-chinese').to(self.device)self.load_model()self.model.eval()# 使用预训练的问答模型self.qa_model = BertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained('F:/models/bert-base-chinese').to(self.device)# 历史记录self.history = []self.create_widgets()def create_widgets(self):# 设置样式style = ttk.Style()style.theme_use('clam')# 顶部框架top_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)top_frame.pack(pady=10)self.question_label = ttk.Label(top_frame, text="问题:", font=("Arial", 12))self.question_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)self.question_entry = ttk.Entry(top_frame, width=50, font=("Arial", 12))self.question_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10)self.answer_button = ttk.Button(top_frame, text="获取回答", command=self.get_answer, style='TButton')self.answer_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10)# 中部框架middle_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)middle_frame.pack(pady=10)self.chat_text = tk.Text(middle_frame, height=20, width=100, font=("Arial", 12), wrap='word')self.chat_text.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)self.chat_text.tag_configure("user", justify='right', foreground='blue')self.chat_text.tag_configure("xihua", justify='left', foreground='green')# 底部框架bottom_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)bottom_frame.pack(pady=10)self.correct_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="准确", command=self.mark_correct, style='TButton')self.correct_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)self.incorrect_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="不准确", command=self.mark_incorrect, style='TButton')self.incorrect_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10)self.train_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="训练模型", command=self.train_model, style='TButton')self.train_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10)self.retrain_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="重新训练模型", command=lambda: self.train_model(retrain=True), style='TButton')self.retrain_button.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=10)self.progress_var = tk.DoubleVar()self.progress_bar = ttk.Progressbar(bottom_frame, variable=self.progress_var, maximum=100, length=200, mode='determinate')self.progress_bar.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)self.log_text = tk.Text(bottom_frame, height=10, width=70, font=("Arial", 12))self.log_text.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)self.evaluate_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="评估模型", command=self.evaluate_model, style='TButton')self.evaluate_button.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)self.history_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="查看历史记录", command=self.view_history, style='TButton')self.history_button.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)self.save_history_button = ttk.Button(bottom_frame, text="保存历史记录", command=self.save_history, style='TButton')self.save_history_button.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)def get_answer(self):question = self.question_entry.get()if not question:messagebox.showwarning("输入错误", "请输入问题")return# 使用预训练的问答模型生成答案context = "这是一个通用的上下文，可以根据需要进行扩展。"  # 可以根据实际需求提供更具体的上下文inputs = self.tokenizer(question, context, return_tensors='pt', padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=512)inputs = {k: v.to(self.device) for k, v in inputs.items()}with torch.no_grad():outputs = self.qa_model(**inputs)start_scores = outputs.start_logitsend_scores = outputs.end_logitsstart_index = torch.argmax(start_scores)end_index = torch.argmax(end_scores) + 1answer = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_string(self.tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(inputs['input_ids'][0][start_index:end_index]))if not answer or answer == '[CLS]':answer = "这个我也不清楚，你问问零吧"else:answer = answer.strip()self.chat_text.insert(tk.END, f"用户: {question}\n", "user")self.chat_text.insert(tk.END, f"羲和: {answer}\n", "xihua")# 添加到历史记录self.history.append({'question': question,'answer_type': "预训练模型回答",'specific_answer': answer,'accuracy': None  # 初始状态为未评价})def load_model(self):model_path = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'models/xihua_model.pth')if os.path.exists(model_path):self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location=self.device))logging.info("加载现有模型")else:logging.info("没有找到现有模型，将使用预训练模型")def train_model(self, retrain=False):file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("JSONL files", "*.jsonl"), ("JSON files", "*.json")])if not file_path:messagebox.showwarning("文件选择错误", "请选择一个有效的数据文件")returntry:dataset = XihuaDataset(file_path, self.tokenizer)data_loader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=8, shuffle=True)# 加载已训练的模型权重if retrain:self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'models/xihua_model.pth'), map_location=self.device))self.model.to(self.device)self.model.train()optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(self.model.parameters(), lr=1e-5)criterion = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()num_epochs = 30for epoch in range(num_epochs):train_loss = train(self.model, data_loader, optimizer, criterion, self.device, self.progress_var)logging.info(f'Epoch [{epoch+1}/{num_epochs}], Loss: {train_loss:.4f}')self.log_text.insert(tk.END, f'Epoch [{epoch+1}/{num_epochs}], Loss: {train_loss:.4f}\n')self.log_text.see(tk.END)torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'models/xihua_model.pth'))logging.info("模型训练完成并保存")self.log_text.insert(tk.END, "模型训练完成并保存\n")self.log_text.see(tk.END)messagebox.showinfo("训练完成", "模型训练完成并保存")except Exception as e:logging.error(f"模型训练失败: {e}")self.log_text.insert(tk.END, f"模型训练失败: {e}\n")self.log_text.see(tk.END)messagebox.showerror("训练失败", f"模型训练失败: {e}")def evaluate_model(self):# 这里可以添加模型评估的逻辑messagebox.showinfo("评估结果", "模型评估功能暂未实现")def mark_correct(self):if self.history:self.history[-1]['accuracy'] = Truemessagebox.showinfo("评价成功", "您认为这次回答是准确的")def mark_incorrect(self):if self.history:self.history[-1]['accuracy'] = Falsequestion = self.history[-1]['question']answer = search_baidu(question)self.chat_text.insert(tk.END, f"搜索引擎结果: {answer}\n", "xihua")messagebox.showinfo("评价成功", "您认为这次回答是不准确的")def view_history(self):history_window = tk.Toplevel(self.root)history_window.title("历史记录")history_text = tk.Text(history_window, height=20, width=80, font=("Arial", 12))history_text.pack(padx=10, pady=10)for entry in self.history:history_text.insert(tk.END, f"问题: {entry['question']}\n")history_text.insert(tk.END, f"回答类型: {entry['answer_type']}\n")history_text.insert(tk.END, f"具体回答: {entry['specific_answer']}\n")if entry['accuracy'] is None:history_text.insert(tk.END, "评价: 未评价\n")elif entry['accuracy']:history_text.insert(tk.END, "评价: 准确\n")else:history_text.insert(tk.END, "评价: 不准确\n")history_text.insert(tk.END, "-" * 50 + "\n")def save_history(self):file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".json", filetypes=[("JSON files", "*.json")])if not file_path:returnwith open(file_path, 'w') as f:json.dump(self.history, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "历史记录已保存到文件")# 主函数
if __name__ == "__main__":# 启动GUIroot = tk.Tk()app = XihuaChatbotGUI(root)root.mainloop()

改进点：

使用预训练的问答模型：引入了 BertForQuestionAnswering 模型来生成答案。这样可以在不依赖特定训练数据集的情况下生成答案。
搜索引擎备用：如果预训练模型生成的答案不满意，可以使用搜索引擎（如百度）来获取答案。
通过这些改进，你的聊天机器人可以在不加载特定训练数据集的情况下生成准确的答案。希望这些改进对你有帮助！