【Python】编程概念，包括面向对象编程（OOP）、类型注解和随机数生成

之前学习的时候也做过相关笔记：做一点linux和python的学习笔记

1. 面向对象编程（OOP）

代码示例1：类的定义与使用

class Student:name = Noneage = Nonetel = NoneStudent1 = Student()
Student1.name = "jkh"
Student1.age = "htfrv"

代码示例2：构造方法 __init__ 和实例方法

class student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agestu1 = student("jyfg", 11)
stu2 = student("jkgh", 23)

代码示例4：类的继承与方法重写

class Phone:IMET = phoneproduser = Nonedef call_by_5g(self):print("jkgh")class MyPhone(Phone):produser = "jhg" # 重写父类属性def call_by_5g(self):   #重写父类方法print("kjghkj")

代码示例5：多继承

class NFcReader:nfc_type = "jhg"produser = "iugh"def read_card(self):print("juh")def read_write(self):print("juh")class Remotecontro1:rc_type = "jhyfyt"def control(self):print("jyhfgu")class MyPhone(Phone, NFcReader, Remotecontro1):pass

代码示例6：多态

def make_noise(animal: Animal):animal.speak()dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
make_noise(dog)
make_noise(cat)

2. 类型注解

代码示例7：变量和集合类型注解

var_1: int = 10
var_2: float = 134.43stu: student = student()my_list: list[int] = [1, 2, 3]
my_tuple: tuple[set, int, bool] = ("kjhu", 555, True)
my_set: set[int] = {1, 2, 3}

代码示例8：联合类型 Union 注解

from typing import Unionmy_list: list[Union[int, str]] = [1, 2, "itcast", "itheima"]
my_dict: dict[str, Union[str, int]] = {"jhg": "jhg", "jhg": 31}def func(data: Union[int, str]) -> Union[int, str]:pass

3. 随机数生成

代码示例9：生成随机数

import randomvar_1 = random.randint(1, 10)

4. JSON 数据解析

代码示例10：JSON 数据解析

import jsonvar_2 = json.loads(data)

5. 错误示例

代码示例11：有错误的代码

# 修正前
stu = say_hi("jhgiukjnl")# 修正后
class student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agestu1 = student("jyfg", 11)
stu2 = student("jkgh", 23)
print(stu1 < stu2)

在这个代码块中，存在多处错误，如 say_hi 函数的调用方式不正确，student 类定义中缩进错误等。