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我们继续学习汉译英五个句子,看看这五个需要注意些什么。
北京人大约生活在公元前460,000年到230,000年之间,能够用火,并能制造石头工具,是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例。
Peking Men, living between 4.6 million BC and 2.3 million BC, making fire and stone tools, is a good sample in the early old stone period.
1、【北京人】Peking Man 集体名词,用单数形式。
2、【好实例】用good example 而good sample表示【好的样例】
3、【用火】和【制造石头工具】都是用make不合适,make fire表示【生火】。用火用use fire 制造石头工具用create stone tools。
4、【早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例】 不要漏译【人类】,另外【时期】用age不用period,特别在考古学和地质学领域,大多数情况都用age。
Peking Man, who lived from about 46,000 BC to 230,000 BC and who was able to use fire and make stone tools, is a good example of early Old Stone Age men.
中国的万里长城是两千多年前建成的,是在把封建王公们为了防御野蛮民族而建筑的城堡连接起来的基础上建成的。
China's Great Wall was completed more than two thousand years ago aiming at connecting castles for defensing savage nations.
一、漏译问题,【封建王公】 feudal loards
二、词汇辨析:aim at /aim to
aim at :表示“旨在”或“针对”某个事物或目标.
aim to:用于表示“旨在做某事”或“意图做某事”
一个表目标,一个表目的。本文肯定是用aim to
The Great Wall of China was built more than two thousand years ago on the basis of joining together the forts built by feudal lords to protect their land against invasions by barbarians.
一、 词汇辨析forts/castles
forts:侧重于强调其作为军事防御设施的功能。
castles:指建在高地上、由石头、木材等建造而成的防御性建筑物。它们通常具有厚实的城墙、深沟和防御工事,旨在保护其内部居民免受外部敌人的攻击。除了作为军事防御工事之外,一些较大的城堡还包含宫殿、教堂、商业设施等。
二、on the basis of
用于表达原因或依据:说明某个观点、决策或行动是基于什么而得出的。
The scientist formulated his theory on the basis of years of experimental data.
中国的大河流都是从西流向东,使得南北之间的交通相对来说比较困难,因此铁路和公路成为了国家经济上必不可少的设施。
China's grand rivers all run from west to east bringing great difficulties to people travelling from south to north, thus making railways and highways necessary for national economy.
一、使得...更困难,可以改写成 给...带来困难。但是不要使用bring sth to sb.表达比较生硬。可以使用posing sth for sb doing sth.
posing great difficulties for people travelling from south to north
二、缺少冠词: national economy--> the national economy national economy--> the national economy
All China's big rivers flow from west to east, making transportation between the north and the south relatively difficult. As a result, railroads and highways have become indispensable for the nation's economy.
一、from west to east这里不使用冠词是因为 “当名词用作方位副词表示普遍的方向时,通常不使用冠词”
而between the north and the south 使用了冠词,是因为:当名词用作特指某个具体地点或区域时,则需要使用冠词。
二、注意在表达的准确性上 【相对比较困难】making sth. relatively difficult
【必不可少】become indispensable for sth.
Technology has become indispensable for modern life.
技术对于现代生活已变得不可或缺。
在中世纪,有大量的丝绸在中国运到中东和欧洲,走的是古代的丝绸之路,到今天这条路还有痕迹可寻。
In middle age, numerous silk was sent to the Middle East and the Europe on the ancient Silk Road whose traces can be seen even today.
一、丝绸在这里表示不同种类的丝绸所以是可数名词 numerous silks.
二、Europe前通常不用定冠词the,而表示中世纪,需要用定冠词,且需要大写首字母:In the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, large amounts of silk were brought to the Middle East and Europe from China along the ancient Silk Road, which is still traceable nowadays.
一、【大量的丝绸 】
numerous silks
强调的是丝绸的多样性和具体的数量
large amounts of silk
强调丝绸的数量非常大,但不一定是指具体的件数或种类。这里的“large amounts of”通常用来描述无法精确计数的物质或抽象概念的大量存在,强调总量的庞大。
鸦片战争打开了中国长期封闭的门户,标志着帝国主义一系列侵略中国领土的开端。
The Opium War opened the longtime-closed door of China, remarking the start of a series of aggression in Chinese territory.
一、长期封闭 用long-closed , longtime-closed 是一个不存在的表达。
二、单词错误remarking 表示评论,这里使用marking
三、一系列侵略,可以理解为【一系列侵略行为】 a series of aggresive acitons。
另外漏译了【帝国主义】imperialist aggressions
The Opium War broke open China's long-closed door, and marked the beginning of a succession of imperialist aggressions upon China's territory.
一、【打开了】使用broke open强调开门的被迫性。
二、a succession of 强调连续性,比 a series of 更加准确
三、aggression in和aggression upon词汇辨析
aggression in 强调侵略行为发生的地点或范围。
aggression upon强调侵略行为的针对性和对象性。
四、Chinese territory. 和China's territory词汇辨析
Chinese territory :表示“中国的”或“具有中国特点的。
China's territory:在强调中国对某片领土的所有权或主权。
所以大多数时候都使用China's territory。