一、MySql主从节点的搭建

一、 master主节点的搭建

1. 查看是否开启bin_log日志

注： 若log_bin为ON表示已启用bin_log日志，为OFF表示未开启，则需执行下一步开启log_bin功能

mysql> show global variables like 'log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                        |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| log_bin                         | ON                           |# ON为开启,OFF关闭
| log_bin_basename                | /mysqld/data/mysql-bin       |
| log_bin_index                   | /mysqld/data/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                          |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events       | OFF                          |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+

2. MySQL开启log_bin功能

• 修改mysql配置文件my.cnf 添加内容如下

[root@localhost ~]# vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin  #指定并激活mysql二进制文件名称
server-id = 1   #设置server-id 为1 代表开启二进制，若为0代表禁止二进制，mysql8.0默认为1，8.0以前默认为0

• 此台服务器mysql完整配置在这里!

[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
basedir = /opt/rdapp/mysqld
datadir = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/data
port=3306
#socket = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/pid/mysql.sock
pid-file = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/pid/mysql.pid
log-error = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/logs/err.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
skip-log-bin
back_log = 600                  #mysql等待连接的堆栈大小
lower_case_table_names = 1      #不区分表的大小写
max_allowed_packet = 1024M      #接收数据包的大小
binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_connections = 1000          #最大连接数
open_files_limit = 65535                #打开文件描述符限制
table_open_cache = 1024         #表缓存
read_buffer_size = 2M           #读入缓冲区大小
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M       #随机读取缓冲区大小
sort_buffer_size = 8M           #执行排序使用的缓冲区大小
join_buffer_size = 8M           #联合查询操作使用的缓冲区大小
thread_cache_size = 64          #可以重新利用保存在缓存中线程的数量
key_buffer_size = 4M            #指定���于索引的缓冲区大小
slow_query_log = 1              #慢日志
long_query_time = 3             #慢查询时间，超过3秒则为慢查询
slow_query_log_file= /opt/rdapp/mysqld/logs/slow.log    #慢日志保存位置
default-storage-engine = InnoDB #默认存储引擎
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M  #innodb缓冲池大小
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0   #默认为0，表示不限制并发数
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2      #日志刷新级别
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3   #以以循环方式将日志文件写到多个文件。推荐设置为3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 #innodb主线程刷新缓存池中的数据，使脏数据比例小于90%
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120  #InnoDB事务在被回滚之前可以等待一个锁定的超时秒数
log_bin = mysql-bin
#binlog_format = mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 2592000            #超过30天的binlog删除
log-bin-trust-function-creators = 1
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
character_set_server = utf8mb4
#collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
general_log = on
general_log_file = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/logs/general.log
plugin-load-add = connection_control.so
interactive_timeout = 900
wait_timeout = 900
connection_control_failed_connections_threshold = 0
connection_control_min_connection_delay = 15000
connection_control_max_connection_delay = 30000
#skip-name-resolve
#host_cache_size=10#MGR集群
disabled_storage_engines = "MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
server_id = 2
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
binlog_checksum = NONE
log_slave_updates = ON
binlog_format = ROW
#sql_require_primary_key = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
group_replication_group_name = "f5b933ac-d49d-11eb-b9bf-005056863e69"
group_replication_start_on_boot = on
group_replication_local_address = "mysqlnode2.service.rdapp.internal:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds = "mysqlnode1.service.rdapp.internal:33061,mysqlnode2.service.rdapp.internal:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group = off
report_host = "mysqlnode2.service.rdapp.internal"
group_replication_transaction_size_limit =  150000000   #组复制最大事务大小大小限制
group_replication_consistency = before
group_replication_communication_max_message_size = 10M
group_replication_flow_control_certifier_threshold = 25000
group_replication_autorejoin_tries = 10
group_replication_member_expel_timeout = 60
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = writeset
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave_preserve_commit_order = ON
slave_checkpoint_period = 2
slave_checkpoint_group = 256[client]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/rdapp/mysqld/pid/mysql.sock[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 512M #服务器发送和接受的最大包长度
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

3. 创建主从复制用户并授权

# 登录作为主节点的mysql
[root@localhost mysqld]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysql -h 10.8.109.165  -urdapp -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.25 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.# mysql内输入下面的命令
mysql> create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'Nucleus!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.41 sec)mysql> select user,host from  mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| hl               | %         |
| rdapp            | %         |
| repl             | %         |
| auditor          | 127.0.0.1 |
| reraat           | 127.0.0.1 |
| security         | 127.0.0.1 |
| systemadmin      | 127.0.0.1 |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| rdapp            | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. mysql数据库状态查看

# 查看mysql的数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)# 查看log_bin信息
mysql> show global variables like 'log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                        |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| log_bin                         | ON                           |
| log_bin_basename                | /mysqld/data/mysql-bin       |
| log_bin_index                   | /mysqld/data/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                          |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events       | OFF                          |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+# 查看主节点的状态信息
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 |      156 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
# mysql-bin.000004 指二进制的名称 
# 数据库的变更标识
# 复制哪个库
# 不允许复制哪个库
# 是否激活gtid

5. 主节点锁表并进行数据备份

• 备份数据后面导入从节点，保证主从数据库起始数据一致

[root@localhost ~]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysql -h 10.8.109.165  -urdapp -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 8.0.25 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#锁表
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#数据备份
[root@localhost ~]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -ureraat -p --all-databases --triggers --routines --events  > /root/data.sql
Enter password:#解表
[root@localhost ~]# UNLOCK TABLES;

二、solve从节点的搭建

1. 配置文件添加内容

• 修改mysql配置文件my.cnf 添加内容如下

[root@lopocalhost mysqld]# vi my.cnf                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    nnnnnnnn
[mysqld]
server-id = 21   # server-id必须是唯一的，与master节点不同就可以

2. 同步主库数据并授权

# 登录将作为从节点的mysql
[root@localhost mysqld]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysql -h 10.8.109.166  -urdapp -pxxx
# mysql内输入下面的命令
#  从库导入主库导出的数据data.sql，确保主从数据库内容一致
mysql> source /root/data.sql ;mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO-> master_host='10.8.109.165',-> MASTER_USER='repl',-> master_password='Nucleus!',-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005',-> MASTER_LOG_POS=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 7 warnings (0.00 sec)

3. 主库解除锁定

[root@localhost ~]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysql -h 10.8.109.165  -urdapp -pxxx
#解表
[root@localhost ~]# UNLOCK TABLES;

4. 开启从节点

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

5. 检查从节点状态

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 10.8.109.165Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000010Read_Master_Log_Pos: 156Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000005Relay_Log_Pos: 371Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000010Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesReplicate_Do_DB:Replicate_Ignore_DB:Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table:Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:Last_Errno: 0Last_Error:Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 156Relay_Log_Space: 752Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File:Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File:Master_SSL_CA_Path:Master_SSL_Cert:Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key:Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 0Last_IO_Error:Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error:Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:Master_Server_Id: 1Master_UUID: 400f2c2b-e2bb-11ee-8f85-00505686c1d1Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_infoSQL_Delay: 0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updatesMaster_Retry_Count: 86400Master_Bind:Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:Master_SSL_Crl:Master_SSL_Crlpath:Retrieved_Gtid_Set:Executed_Gtid_Set:Auto_Position: 0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:Channel_Name:Master_TLS_Version:Master_public_key_path:Get_master_public_key: 0Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> show variables like 'server_uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                                |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid   | 05e7063e-908d-11ec-9916-00505686574e |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6. 确认主从复制开启成功

1. 查看主节点相关信息

mysql> show processlist;
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+-------------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User            | Host               | db   | Command     | Time | State                 | Info             |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+-------------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  5 | event_scheduler | localhost          | NULL | Daemon      |  316 | Waiting on empty queue                 | NULL             |
| 14 | rdapp           | 10.8.109.165:44440 | NULL | Query       |    0 | init                 | show processlist |
| 19 | repl            | 10.8.109.166:48682 | NULL | Binlog Dump |  151 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waitingfor more updates | NULL             |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+-------------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;

2. 查看从节点相关信息

mysql> show processlist;
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User            | Host               | db   | Command | Time | State      | Info             |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  5 | system user     | connecting host    | NULL | Connect |  132 | Waiting for master to send event      | NULL             |
|  6 | system user     |                    | NULL | Query   |  132 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL             |
|  7 | event_scheduler | localhost          | NULL | Daemon  |  132 | Waiting on empty queue      | NULL             |
| 11 | rdapp           | 10.8.109.165:38224 | orgs | Sleep   |    5 |      | NULL             |
| 15 | rdapp           | 10.8.109.166:40990 | NULL | Query   |    0 | init      | show processlist |
+----+-----------------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、主从同步失败问题定位，Slave_IO_Running: No

# "Slave_IO_Running:  Yes" 和 ”Slave_SQL_Running: Yes"  都是Yes才是正确的，否则都主从都有问题# 查看从节点状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State:Master_Host: 10.8.109.165Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000001Relay_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005Slave_IO_Running: No                   Slave_SQL_Running: YesReplicate_Do_DB:Replicate_Ignore_DB:Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table:Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:Last_Errno: 0Last_Error:Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Log_Space: 156Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File:Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File:Master_SSL_CA_Path:Master_SSL_Cert:Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key:Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 13117Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.    ## 停掉备库实例，删除备库 data 文件夹下的的 auto.cnf Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error:Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:Master_Server_Id: 1Master_UUID:Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_infoSQL_Delay: 0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updatesMaster_Retry_Count: 86400Master_Bind:Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 240315 10:44:01Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:Master_SSL_Crl:Master_SSL_Crlpath:Retrieved_Gtid_Set:Executed_Gtid_Set:Auto_Position: 0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:Channel_Name:Master_TLS_Version:Master_public_key_path:Get_master_public_key: 0Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specified问题：
*  Last_Error: Error 'Operation CREATE USER failed for 'repl'@'%'' on query. Default database: ''. Query: 'CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*1E63BECE0EBF96B7F6F0167BB416443EF9079EB8''1. 查看server_id是否不同
mysql>  show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 2     |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)2. 用户授权是否正确3. uuid也需要不同
解决方法：停掉备库实例，删除备库 data 文件夹下的的 auto.cnf
具体操作如下：
[root@localhost data]# ls
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  #ib_16384_0.dblwr  ibdata1      ib_logfile2   master1.pid       mysql-bin.000006  performance_schema  server-cert.pem  undo_001
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   #ib_16384_1.dblwr  ib_logfile0  ibtmp1        mysql             mysql-bin.index   private_key.pem     server-key.pem   undo_002
ca.pem      cms              ib_buffer_pool     ib_logfile1  #innodb_temp  mysql-bin.000005  mysql.ibd         public_key.pem      sys
[root@localhost data]# rm -rf auto.cnf
[root@localhost data]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost data]# /opt/rdapp/mysqld/mysqld-os/mysqld/bin/mysql -h 10.8.109.165  -urdapp -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.25 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.#查看uuid
mysql>  show variables like 'server_uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                                |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid   | 400f2c2b-e2bb-11ee-8f85-00505686c1d1 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

三、MSQL主从切换操作

1、 从库100.66.101.5上执行操作如下

# 停止从库的运行
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)# 清空主从信息
mysql> reset slave all;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)# 关闭只读开启读写，转为新主库
mysql>  set global read_only=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>  set global super_read_only=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 查看二进制binlog文件的名称，此处是 mysql-bin.000006 （后面主节点切换到从要用）
mysql> show master status ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                          |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 |    87795 |              |                  | 400f2c2b-e2bb-11ee-8f85-00505686c1d1:1-136 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------------------------------------+

2、主库100.66.100.64执行操作如下

# 主库设置执行新主库复制链路，转为新从库，完成主从切换（注意：此处的MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006'中mysql-bin.000006为上一步骤在原来的从节点查询到的结果）mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO-> master_host='100.66.101.5',-> MASTER_USER='repl',-> master_password='Nucleus!',-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',        -> MASTER_LOG_POS=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 7 warnings (0.01 sec)# 开始运行从库
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)# 查看从库状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 100.66.101.5Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006Read_Master_Log_Pos: 87795Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 371Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006Slave_IO_Running: Yes     #此处必须为yes代表成功Slave_SQL_Running: Yes     #此处必须为yes代表成功Replicate_Do_DB:Replicate_Ignore_DB:Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table:Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:Last_Errno: 0
............................................................省略