目录

背景

目录名的组成

解析目录结构

更新&总结

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文章出处链接：[https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59075481/article/details/140385969].

背景

 WinSxS 文件夹位于 Windows 文件夹中，例如 C: \Windows\WinSxS。它是 Windows 组件存储文件的位置。 Windows 组件存储用于支持自定义和更新 Windows 所需的函数。 Windows 组件存储是首先在 Windows XP 中引入的，用于支持并行程序集。从 Windows Vista 开始，组件存储得到了增强，可以跟踪构成操作系统的所有组件并为其提供服务。

这些不同的操作系统组件可以跟踪对象，例如文件、目录、注册表项和服务。然后，系统会将特定版本的组件收集到包中。

 Windows 更新和 DISM 使用包来更新 Windows。 Windows 组件存储将处理 Windows 安装中使用的组件和包。确定 Windows 组件存储大小的过程会很复杂，因为 Windows 通过名为硬链接的技术使用的许多文件都来自 Windows 组件存储外的目录。在这种情况下，某个组件版本中的文件会同时出现在 Windows 组件存储的内部和外部。使用硬链接，Windows 就可以在看起来并不实际占用为多个副本提供的额外空间的情况下，保留同一文件的多个副本。

组件存储文件夹中的文件目录比较复杂，有些时候需要枚举或者检索目录中某个组件的特定版本的副本会很麻烦。在这篇文章中，我将提供一个解析组件存储文件夹的初步程序。包括相关测试示例。

目录名的组成

组件存储的目录名包含多个字段的信息，每个信息之间使用下划线("_")间隔开来，按照顺序包括：程序运行系统架构、组件名称、组件签名、更新时文件系统版本号、语言、文件存储签名。

系统架构有两种：amd64 、 x86，分别代表：适用于 x64 、 x32 的操作系统。

组件名称是该组件的描述名称（当目录名称过长时，采用.. 缩略名称的中间内容，如果是存储的组件的纯资源文件，则后缀 ".resources"）

组件签名和文件存储签名都是一段校验码。

版本号包含 4 个部分，结构为：

// 版本信息结构体
struct VersionInfo {int major;int minor;int build;int revision;
};

语言可以是：zh-cn、en-us 等等，混合多个目录文件的，一般语言字段填写 none。

下面是一个标准的样例： 

amd64_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.22621.3672_none_2713b9d173822955

解析目录结构

由于我目前还没有找到相关的 API 来解析目录结构，所以，使用正则表达式编写了一个程序用于解析目录。

提供三个主要函数：

• listWinSxSAssemblies：解析 WinSxS 整个目录结构，并使用文件流存储解析结果。
• getAssembliesByComponentName：根据组件名称，检索所有匹配到的存储条目信息。
• getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture：根据组件名称和适用的系统架构，查找符合条件且版本号最高的存储目录名称。

代码如下：

// EnumWinSxS.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>// 版本信息结构体
struct VersionInfo {int major;int minor;int build;int revision;
};// 解析特征字符串
struct AssemblyInfo {std::wstring architecture;std::wstring componentName;std::wstring componentSign;VersionInfo version;std::wstring language;std::wstring folderSign;bool isResource;
};// 解析版本信息字符串
VersionInfo parseVersionInfo(const std::wstring& versionStr) {VersionInfo version = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };std::wregex versionPattern(LR"((\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+))");std::wsmatch match;if (std::regex_match(versionStr, match, versionPattern)) {version.major = std::stoi(match[1]);version.minor = std::stoi(match[2]);version.build = std::stoi(match[3]);version.revision = std::stoi(match[4]);}return version;
}// 解析 WinSxS 目录名称并返回 AssemblyInfo 结构体
AssemblyInfo parseAssemblyInfo(const std::wstring& dirName) {AssemblyInfo info;//std::wregex regexPattern(LR"((amd64|x86)_([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)_(\w+)_((\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+))_((?:[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}|none))_(\w+))");std::wregex regexPattern(LR"((amd64|x86)_([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)_(\w+)_(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)_((?:[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}|none))_(\w+))");std::wsmatch match;if (std::regex_match(dirName, match, regexPattern)) {info.architecture = match[1];info.componentName = match[2];info.componentSign = match[3];info.version = parseVersionInfo(match[4]); // 解析版本信息info.language = match[5];info.folderSign = match[6];info.isResource = (dirName.find(L".resources") != std::wstring::npos);if (info.isResource) {size_t pos = info.componentName.find(L".resources");if (pos != std::wstring::npos) {info.componentName.erase(pos, std::wstring::npos);}}}return info;
}// 比较版本信息的函数
bool compareVersions(const VersionInfo& v1, const VersionInfo& v2) {return std::tie(v1.major, v1.minor, v1.build, v1.revision) < std::tie(v2.major, v2.minor, v2.build, v2.revision);
}// 将版本信息合并为一个完整字符串
std::wstring versionInfoToString(const VersionInfo& version) {std::wostringstream oss;oss << version.major << L"." << version.minor << L"." << version.build << L"." << version.revision;return oss.str();
}//std::vector<std::wstring> listFilesInDirectory(const std::wstring& directory) {
//    std::vector<std::wstring> files;
//    WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;
//    std::wstring searchPath = directory + L"\\*";
//    HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);
//
//    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
//        return files;
//    }
//
//    do {
//        const std::wstring fileName = findFileData.cFileName;
//        if (!(findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
//            files.push_back(directory + L"\\" + fileName);
//        }
//    } while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);
//
//    FindClose(hFind);
//    return files;
//}void listFilesRecursively(const std::wstring& directory, std::wofstream& outFile, const std::wstring& baseDir) {WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = directory + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {return;}do {const std::wstring fileName = findFileData.cFileName;if (fileName == L"." || fileName == L"..") {continue;}std::wstring fullPath = directory + L"\\" + fileName;std::wstring relPath = fullPath.substr(baseDir.length() + 1);if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {listFilesRecursively(fullPath, outFile, baseDir);}else {std::wcout << L"  File: " << relPath << std::endl;outFile << L"  File: " << relPath << std::endl;}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);
}void listWinSxSAssemblies(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, std::wofstream& outFile) {WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {// Skip "." and ".." directoriesif (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty()) {std::wcout << L"Directory: " << dirName << std::endl;outFile << L"Directory: " << dirName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Architecture: " << info.architecture << std::endl;outFile << L"Architecture: " << info.architecture << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Name: " << info.componentName << std::endl;outFile << L"Component Name: " << info.componentName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Signature: " << info.componentSign << std::endl;outFile << L"Component Signature: " << info.componentSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(info.version) << std::endl;outFile << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(info.version) << std::endl;//std::wcout << L"Version: " << info.version.major << L"." << info.version.minor << L"." //    << info.version.build << L"." << info.version.revision << std::endl;//outFile << L"Version: " << info.version.major << L"." << info.version.minor << L"." //    << info.version.build << L"." << info.version.revision << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Language: " << info.language << std::endl;outFile << L"Language: " << info.language << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Folder Signature: " << info.folderSign << std::endl;outFile << L"Folder Signature: " << info.folderSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Is Only Resource: " << (info.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;outFile << L"Is Only Resource: " << (info.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;List files in the directory//std::wstring subDirPath = winSxsPath + L"\\" + dirName;//std::vector<std::wstring> files = listFilesInDirectory(subDirPath);//for (const std::wstring& file : files) {//    std::wcout << L"  File: " << file << std::endl;//    outFile << L"  File: " << file << std::endl;//}// List files and subdirectories in the directorystd::wstring subDirPath = winSxsPath + L"\\" + dirName;listFilesRecursively(subDirPath, outFile, winSxsPath);std::wcout << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;outFile << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);
}std::vector<AssemblyInfo> getAssembliesByComponentName(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, const std::wstring& componentName) {std::vector<AssemblyInfo> matchingAssemblies;WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return matchingAssemblies;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {if (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty() && info.componentName == componentName) {matchingAssemblies.push_back(info);}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);return matchingAssemblies;
}std::wstring getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, const std::wstring& componentName, const std::wstring& architecture) {std::wstring latestDir;VersionInfo latestVersion = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return latestDir;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {if (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty() && info.architecture == architecture && info.componentName == componentName) {if (compareVersions(latestVersion, info.version)) {latestVersion = info.version;latestDir = dirName;}}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);return latestDir;
}int wmain() {const std::wstring winSxsPath = L"\\\\?\\C:\\Windows\\WinSxS"; // Using the long path prefixconst std::wstring outputPath = L"output.txt";// Testing API 0std::wofstream outFile(outputPath);if (!outFile.is_open()) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open output file " << outputPath << std::endl;return 1;}listWinSxSAssemblies(winSxsPath, outFile);outFile.close();// Testing API 1const std::wstring componentNameToSearch = L"microsoft.windows.common-controls";std::vector<AssemblyInfo> foundAssemblies = getAssembliesByComponentName(winSxsPath, componentNameToSearch);std::wcout << L"\nAssemblies for component name: " << componentNameToSearch << L"\n";for (const auto& assembly : foundAssemblies) {std::wcout << L"Architecture: " << assembly.architecture << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Name: " << assembly.componentName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Signature: " << assembly.componentSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(assembly.version) << std::endl;//std::wcout << L"Version: " << assembly.version.major << L"." << assembly.version.minor //    << L"." << assembly.version.build << L"." << assembly.version.revision << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Language: " << assembly.language << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Folder Signature: " << assembly.folderSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Is Only Resource: " << (assembly.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;std::wcout << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;}// Testing API 2std::wstring architectureToSearch = L"amd64";std::wstring latestAssemblyDir = getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture(winSxsPath, componentNameToSearch, architectureToSearch);if (!latestAssemblyDir.empty()) {std::wcout << L"Latest Assembly Directory for Architecture " << architectureToSearch << L": "<< latestAssemblyDir << std::endl;}else {std::wcout << L"No assemblies found for architecture " <<architectureToSearch << std::endl;}return 0;
}

测试截图：

更新&总结

（暂无）

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文章出处链接：[https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59075481/article/details/140385969].

本文发布于：2024.07.12，更新于：2024.07.12.