1.需要下载g++编译器，或clang++（快，但是优化效果没有g++好）

选项地址（可以不点这个，直接点下面的）

https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/mingw-w64/mingw-w64-release/
直接下载的地址
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win64/Personal%20Builds/mingw-builds/8.1.0/threads-win32/seh/x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0.7z/download

https://blog.csdn.net/chuhe163/article/details/114743914

2.新建文件夹和cpp文件（tasks.json）

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "build","type": "shell","command": "g++","args": ["-g","-Wall","main.cpp","-o","main"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true}}]
}

3.怎么在vscode里调试(launch.json)

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "C++ Launch","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/main", // 替换成你的可执行文件路径"args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", // 配置工作目录为项目根目录"environment": [],"externalConsole": true, // 在系统控制台中打开调试会话"MIMode": "gdb", // 或 "lldb"，取决于你使用的调试器"preLaunchTask": "build", // 配置一个任务，在调试前自动编译你的程序"setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]
}

• 确保"program"的值是可执行文件的正确路径。如果你的可执行文件和源代码在同一个工作空间内，可以使用${workspaceFolder}变量。

4.怎么设置让中断输出的字符是中文！

SetConsoleOutputCP(GetConsoleOutputCP() == 65001 ? 65001 : 65001);

5.飞机大战

#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;/*=============== all the structures ===============*/typedef struct Frame
{COORD position[2];int flag;
}Frame;/*=============== all the functions ===============*/void SetPos(COORD a)// set cursor 
{HANDLE out=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);SetConsoleCursorPosition(out, a);
}void SetPos(int i, int j)// set cursor
{COORD pos={i, j};SetPos(pos);
}void HideCursor()
{CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = {1, 0}; SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursor_info);
}//把第y行，[x1, x2) 之间的坐标填充为 ch
void drawRow(int y, int x1, int x2, char ch)
{SetPos(x1,y);for(int i = 0; i <= (x2-x1); i++)cout<<ch;
}//在a, b 纵坐标相同的前提下，把坐标 [a, b] 之间填充为 ch
void drawRow(COORD a, COORD b, char ch)
{if(a.Y == b.Y)drawRow(a.Y, a.X, b.X, ch);else{SetPos(0, 25);cout<<"error code 01：无法填充行，因为两个坐标的纵坐标(x)不相等";system("pause");}
}//把第x列，[y1, y2] 之间的坐标填充为 ch
void drawCol(int x, int y1, int y2, char ch)
{int y=y1;while(y!=y2+1){SetPos(x, y);cout<<ch;y++;}
}//在a, b 横坐标相同的前提下，把坐标 [a, b] 之间填充为 ch
void drawCol(COORD a, COORD b, char ch)
{if(a.X == b.X)drawCol(a.X, a.Y, b.Y, ch);else{SetPos(0, 25);cout<<"error code 02：无法填充列，因为两个坐标的横坐标(y)不相等";system("pause");}
}//左上角坐标、右下角坐标、用row填充行、用col填充列
void drawFrame(COORD a, COORD  b, char row, char col)
{drawRow(a.Y, a.X+1, b.X-1, row);drawRow(b.Y, a.X+1, b.X-1, row);drawCol(a.X, a.Y+1, b.Y-1, col);drawCol(b.X, a.Y+1, b.Y-1, col);
}void drawFrame(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, char row, char col)
{COORD a={x1, y1};COORD b={x2, y2};drawFrame(a, b, row, col);
}void drawFrame(Frame frame, char row, char col)
{COORD a = frame.position[0];COORD b = frame.position[1];drawFrame(a, b, row, col);
}void drawPlaying()
{drawFrame(0, 0, 48, 24, '=', '|');//        draw map frame;drawFrame(49, 0, 79, 4, '-', '|');//                draw output framedrawFrame(49, 4, 79, 9, '-', '|');//                draw score framedrawFrame(49, 9, 79, 20, '-', '|');//        draw operate framedrawFrame(49, 20, 79, 24, '-', '|');//        draw other message frameSetPos(52, 6);cout<<"得分：";SetPos(52, 7);cout<<"称号：";SetPos(52,10);cout<<"操作方式：";SetPos(52,12);cout<<"  a,s,d,w 控制战机移动。";SetPos(52,14);cout<<"  p 暂停游戏。";SetPos(52,16);cout<<"  e 退出游戏。";
}//在[a, b)之间产生一个随机整数
int random(int a, int b)
{int c=(rand() % (a-b))+ a;return c;
}//在两个坐标包括的矩形框内随机产生一个坐标
COORD random(COORD a, COORD b)
{int x=random(a.X, b.X);int y=random(a.Y, b.Y);COORD c={x, y};return c;
}bool  judgeCoordInFrame(Frame frame, COORD spot)
{if(spot.X>=frame.position[0].X)if(spot.X<=frame.position[1].X)if(spot.Y>=frame.position[0].Y)if(spot.Y<=frame.position[0].Y)return true;return false;
}void printCoord(COORD a)
{cout        <<"( "<<a.X<<" , "<<a.Y<<" )";
}void printFrameCoord(Frame a)
{printCoord(a.position[0]);cout        <<" - ";printCoord(a.position[1]);
}int drawMenu()
{SetPos(30, 1);cout<<"P l a n e  W a r";drawRow(3, 0, 79, '-');drawRow(5, 0, 79, '-');SetPos(28, 4);cout<<"w 和 s 选择， k 确定";SetPos(15, 11);cout<<"1. 简单的敌人";SetPos(15, 13);cout<<"2. 冷酷的敌人";drawRow(20, 0, 79, '-');drawRow(22, 0, 79, '-');SetPos(47, 11);cout<<"简单的敌人：";SetPos(51, 13);cout<<"简单敌人有着较慢的移动速度。";SetPos(24, 21);cout<<"制作：<bits/stdc++.h>";int j=11;SetPos(12, j);cout<<">>";//drawFrame(45, 9, 79, 17, '=', '|');while(1){        if( _kbhit() ){        char x=_getch();switch (x){case 'w' :{        if( j == 13){SetPos(12, j);cout<<"　";j = 11;SetPos(12, j);cout<<">>";SetPos(51, 13);cout<<"　　　　　　　　　　　　";SetPos(47, 11);cout<<"简单的敌人：";SetPos(51, 13);cout<<"简单敌人有较慢的移动速度，比较容易对付";}break;}case 's' :{        if( j == 11 ){SetPos(12, j);cout<<"　";                j = 13;SetPos(12, j);cout<<">>";SetPos(51, 13);cout<<"　　　　　　　　　　　　　　";SetPos(47, 11);cout<<"冷酷的敌人：";SetPos(51, 13);cout<<"冷酷的敌人移动速度较快，不是很好对付哟。";}break;}case 'k' :{        if (j == 8)        return 1;else return 2;}}}}
}/* 
DWORD WINAPI MusicFun(LPVOID lpParamte)
{//DWORD OBJ;sndPlaySound(TEXT("bgm.wav"), SND_FILENAME|SND_ASYNC);return 0;
}
*//*================== the Game Class ==================*/class Game
{
public:COORD position[10];COORD bullet[10];Frame enemy[8];int score;int rank;int rankf;string title;int flag_rank;Game ();//初始化所有void initPlane();void initBullet();void initEnemy();//初始化其中一个//void initThisBullet( COORD );//void initThisEnemy( Frame );void planeMove(char);void bulletMove();void enemyMove();//填充所有void drawPlane();void drawPlaneToNull();void drawBullet();void drawBulletToNull();void drawEnemy();void drawEnemyToNull();//填充其中一个void drawThisBulletToNull( COORD );void drawThisEnemyToNull( Frame );void Pause();void Playing();void judgePlane();void judgeEnemy();void Shoot();void GameOver();void printScore();
};Game::Game()
{initPlane();initBullet();initEnemy();score = 0;rank = 25;rankf = 0;flag_rank = 0;
}void Game::initPlane()
{COORD centren={39, 22};position[0].X=position[5].X=position[7].X=position[9].X=centren.X;position[1].X=centren.X-2;        position[2].X=position[6].X=centren.X-1;position[3].X=position[8].X=centren.X+1;position[4].X=centren.X+2;for(int i=0; i<=4; i++)position[i].Y=centren.Y;for(int i=6; i<=8; i++)position[i].Y=centren.Y+1;position[5].Y=centren.Y-1;position[9].Y=centren.Y-2;
}void Game::drawPlane()
{for(int i=0; i<9; i++){SetPos(position[i]);if(i!=5)cout<<"O";else if(i==5)cout<<"|";                }
}void Game::drawPlaneToNull()
{for(int i=0; i<9; i++){SetPos(position[i]);cout<<" ";}        
}void Game::initBullet()
{for(int i=0; i<10; i++)bullet[i].Y = 30;
}void Game::drawBullet()
{for(int i=0; i<10; i++){if( bullet[i].Y != 30){SetPos(bullet[i]);cout<<"^";        }}
}void Game::drawBulletToNull()
{for(int i=0; i<10; i++)if( bullet[i].Y != 30 ){COORD pos={bullet[i].X, bullet[i].Y+1};SetPos(pos);cout<<" ";}        
}void Game::initEnemy()
{COORD a={1, 1};COORD b={45, 15};for(int i=0; i<8; i++){enemy[i].position[0] = random(a, b);enemy[i].position[1].X = enemy[i].position[0].X + 3;enemy[i].position[1].Y = enemy[i].position[0].Y + 2;}
}void Game::drawEnemy()
{for(int i=0; i<8; i++)drawFrame(enemy[i].position[0], enemy[i].position[1], '-', '|');
}void Game::drawEnemyToNull()
{for(int i=0; i<8; i++){drawFrame(enemy[i].position[0], enemy[i].position[1], ' ', ' ');}                
}void Game::Pause()
{SetPos(61,2);cout<<"               ";SetPos(61,2);cout<<"暂停中...";char c=_getch();while(c!='p')c=_getch();SetPos(61,2);cout<<"         ";
}void Game::planeMove(char x)
{if(x == 'a')if(position[1].X != 1)for(int i=0; i<=9; i++)position[i].X -= 2;if(x == 's')if(position[7].Y != 23)for(int i=0; i<=9; i++)position[i].Y += 1;if(x == 'd')if(position[4].X != 47)for(int i=0; i<=9; i++)position[i].X += 2;if(x == 'w')if(position[5].Y != 3)for(int i=0; i<=9; i++)position[i].Y -= 1;
}void Game::bulletMove()
{for(int i=0; i<10; i++){if( bullet[i].Y != 30){bullet[i].Y -= 1;if( bullet[i].Y == 1 ){COORD pos={bullet[i].X, bullet[i].Y+1};drawThisBulletToNull( pos );bullet[i].Y=30;}}}
}void Game::enemyMove()
{for(int i=0; i<8; i++){for(int j=0; j<2; j++)enemy[i].position[j].Y++;if(24 == enemy[i].position[1].Y){COORD a={1, 1};COORD b={45, 3};enemy[i].position[0] = random(a, b);enemy[i].position[1].X = enemy[i].position[0].X + 3;enemy[i].position[1].Y = enemy[i].position[0].Y + 2;}}
}void Game::judgePlane()
{for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)for(int j=0; j<9; j++)if(judgeCoordInFrame(enemy[i], position[j])){SetPos(62, 1);cout<<"坠毁";drawFrame(enemy[i], '+', '+');Sleep(1000);GameOver();break;}
}void Game::drawThisBulletToNull( COORD c)
{SetPos(c);cout<<" ";
}void Game::drawThisEnemyToNull( Frame f )
{drawFrame(f, ' ', ' ');
}void Game::judgeEnemy()
{for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)if( judgeCoordInFrame(enemy[i], bullet[j]) ){score += 5;drawThisEnemyToNull( enemy[i] );COORD a={1, 1};COORD b={45, 3};enemy[i].position[0] = random(a, b);enemy[i].position[1].X = enemy[i].position[0].X + 3;enemy[i].position[1].Y = enemy[i].position[0].Y + 2;                                        drawThisBulletToNull( bullet[j] );bullet[j].Y = 30;}
}void Game::Shoot()
{for(int i=0; i<10; i++)if(bullet[i].Y == 30){bullet[i].X = position[5].X;bullet[i].Y = position[5].Y-1;break;}
}void Game::printScore()
{if(score == 120 && flag_rank == 0){rank -= 3;flag_rank = 1;}else if( score == 360 && flag_rank == 1){rank -= 5;flag_rank = 2;}else if( score == 480 && flag_rank == 2){rank -= 5;flag_rank = 3;}int x=rank/5;SetPos(60, 6);cout<<score;if( rank!=rankf ){SetPos(60, 7);if( x == 5)title="初级飞行员";else if( x == 4)title="中级飞行员";else if( x == 3)title="高级飞行员";else if( x == 2 )title="王牌飞行员";cout<<title;}rankf = rank;
}void Game::Playing()
{//HANDLE MFUN;//MFUN= CreateThread(NULL, 0, MusicFun, NULL, 0, NULL); drawEnemy();drawPlane();int flag_bullet = 0;int flag_enemy = 0;while(1){Sleep(8);if(_kbhit()){char x = _getch();if ('a' == x || 's' == x || 'd' == x || 'w' == x){drawPlaneToNull();planeMove(x);drawPlane();judgePlane();}                        else if ('p' == x)Pause();else if( 'k' == x)Shoot();else if( 'e' == x){//CloseHandle(MFUN);GameOver();break;}}/* 处理子弹 */if( 0 == flag_bullet ){bulletMove();drawBulletToNull();drawBullet();judgeEnemy();}                        flag_bullet++;if( 5 == flag_bullet )flag_bullet = 0;/* 处理敌人 */if( 0 == flag_enemy ){drawEnemyToNull();enemyMove();                        drawEnemy();judgePlane();}flag_enemy++;if( flag_enemy >= rank )flag_enemy = 0;/* 输出得分 */printScore();}
}void Game::GameOver()
{system("cls");                                COORD p1={28,9};COORD p2={53,15};drawFrame(p1, p2, '=', '|');SetPos(36,12);string str="Game Over!";for(int i=0; i<str.size(); i++){Sleep(80);cout<<str[i];}Sleep(1000);system("cls");drawFrame(p1, p2, '=', '|');SetPos(31, 11);cout<<"击落敌机："<<score/5<<" 架";SetPos(31, 12);cout<<"得　　分："<<score;SetPos(31, 13);cout<<"获得称号："<<title;SetPos(30, 16);Sleep(1000);cout<<"继续？ 是（y）| 否（n）制作：<bits/stdc++.h>";
as:char x=_getch();if (x == 'n')exit(0);else if (x == 'y'){system("cls");Game game;int a = drawMenu();if(a == 2)game.rank = 20;system("cls");drawPlaying();game.Playing();}else goto as;
}/*================== the main function ==================*/
int main()
{SetConsoleOutputCP(GetConsoleOutputCP() == 65001 ? 65001 : 65001);//游戏准备srand((int)time(0));        //随机种子HideCursor();        //隐藏光标Game game;int a = drawMenu();if(a == 2)game.rank = 20;system("cls");drawPlaying();game.Playing();
}