目录

前言

实验代码

实验一

1-1

1-2 

1-3 

1-4 

1-5 

1-6 

实验二

2-1

 2-2

2-3 

2-4

2-5 

2-6

2-7

2-8

2-9

2-10

实验三 

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

3-7

3-8

3-9

3-10

实验四 

4-1

4-2

4-3

4-4

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-8

4-9

4-10

实验五 

5-1

5-2

5-3

5-4

5-5

5-6

5-7

5-8

5-9

5-10

实验六 

6-1

6-2

6-3

6-4

6-5

6-6

6-7

6-8

6-9

6-10

 实验七

7-1

7-2

7-3

7-4

7-5

实验八 

实验九 

9-1

9-2

更详细题目讲解

---

前言

这个是2023年山东大学软件学院数据库实验,使用的数据库管理系统为oracle

实验代码全部通过,并且已经拿到满分，但是还是希望学弟学妹们能够参考着去完成自己的实验，而不是直接copy。因为完成实验能够大大提高我们写sql的能力，这可不是看看书能比的哦！

2024年甚至更远的未来的同学们参考时要留一个心眼，因为每一年实验的题目都会有一点点的变化，要仔细阅读题目要求。

实验代码

实验一

1-1

create table test1_student(sid char(12) not null,name varchar(10) not null,sex char(2),age int,birthday date,dname varchar(30),class varchar(10)
);

1-2 

create table test1_course(cid char(6) not null,name varchar(40) not null,fcid char(6),credit numeric(4，1)
)

1-3 

create table test1_student_course(sid char(12) not null,cid char(6) not null,score numeric(5,1),tid char(6),sctime date
);

1-4 

insert into test1_student values('201800020101','王欣','女',21,to_date('19940202','yyyymmdd'),'计算机学院','2010');insert into test1_student values('201800020102','李华','女',20,to_date('19950303','yyyymmdd'),'软件学院','2009');

1-5 

insert into test1_course values('800001','数据结构',null,2);
insert into test1_course values('800002','数据库',800001,2.5)

1-6 

insert into test1_student_course values('201800020101','300001',91.5,'200101',to_date(' 2009-07-15 09:09:09','yyyy-mm-dd hh24-mi-ss'));insert into test1_student_course values('201800020101','300002',92.6,'200102',to_date(' 2009-07-15 10:10:10','yyyy-mm-dd hh24-mi-ss'));

实验二

2-1

create view test2_01 asselect sid,namefrom pub.studentwhere sid not in(select distinct sidfrom pub.student_course)

 2-2

create view test2_02 asselect sid,namefrom pub.studentwhere sid in(select sidfrom pub.student_coursewhere cid in(select cidfrom pub.student_coursewhere sid='200900130417'))minus(select sid, namefrom pub.studentwhere sid ='200900130417')

2-3 

create view test2_03 asselect sid,namefrom pub.studentwhere sid in(select sidfrom pub.student_coursewhere cid in(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere fcid='300002'))

2-4

create view test2_04 asselect sid，namefrom pub.studentwhere sid in((select sidfrom pub.student_coursewhere cid=(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere name='操作系统'))intersect(select sidfrom pub.student_coursewhere cid=(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere name='数据结构'))minus(select sidfrom pub.student_coursewhere cid=(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere name='程序设计语言')))

2-5 

create view test2_05 asselect sid,cid,name,scorefrom pub.student_course natural join pub.coursewhere sid in(select sidfrom pub.studentwhere name='李龙')

2-6

create view test2_06 asselect sid,name,scorefrom pub.student_course natural join pub.studentwhere class='2010' and dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and cid=(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere name='操作系统')

2-7

create view test2_07 as
select sid,name
from pub.student
where name not like '张%'
and name not like '李%'
and name not like '王%'

2-8

create view test2_08 as
select cid,name
from pub.course
where fcid in(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere fcid is not null
)

2-9

create view test2_09 as
select sid,name,score
from pub.student_course natural join pub.student
where cid='300003'

2-10

create view test2_10 as
select sid,name
from pub.student
where not exists(select cidfrom pub.coursewhere not exists(select *from pub.student_coursewhere pub.student_course.sid=pub.student.sid and pub.student_course.cid=pub.course.cid)
)

实验三 

3-1

create table test3_01 asselect *from pub.student_31
delete from test3_01
where sid not in(select sidfrom test3_01where regexp_like(sid, '^[0-9]+$')) --检验字符串是否是全数字

3-2

create table test3_02 asselect *from pub.student_31
delete from test3_02
where age <> 2012 - extract(year from birthday)

3-3

create table test3_03 asselect *from pub.student_31delete from test3_03
where sex <> '男' and sex <> '女' and sex is not null

3-4

create table test3_04 asselect *from pub.student_31
delete from test3_04 
where dname like '% %' or
dname is null or
length(dname) < 3

3-5

create table test3_05 asselect *from pub.student_31
delete
from test3_05
where class not in(select classfrom test3_05where regexp_like(class, '^[0-9]+$'))

3-6

create table test3_06 asselect *from pub.student_31
delete
from test3_06
where not regexp_like(sid, '^[0-9]+$')
or age <> 2012 - extract(year from birthday)
or name like '% %'
or length(name) < 2
or sex in(select distinct sexfrom test3_06where sex <> '男'and sex <> '女'and sex is not null)
or dname like '% %'
or dname is null
or length(dname) < 3
or class not in(select classfrom test3_05where regexp_like(class, '^[0-9]+$'))

3-7

create table test3_07 asselect *from pub.student_course_32
delete 
from test3_07
where sid not in(select sidfrom pub.student
)

3-8

create table test3_08 asselect *from pub.student_course_32
delete 
from test3_08 T
where not exists(select cid, tidfrom pub.teacher_course Awhere T.cid=A.cid and T.tid=A.tid
)

3-9

create table test3_09 asselect *from pub.student_course_32
delete
from test3_09
where score not between 0 and 100

3-10

create table test3_10 asselect *from pub.student_course_32
delete
from test3_10 S
where sid not in(select sidfrom pub.student)
or cid not in(select cidfrom pub.course)
or tid not in(select tidfrom pub.teacher)
or not exists(select cid, tidfrom pub.teacher_course Twhere S.cid = T.cidand S.tid = T.tid)
or score not between 0 and 100

实验四 

4-1

create table test4_01 asselect * from pub.student_41alter table test4_01add sum_score intupdate test4_01 Sset sum_score=(select sum(score)from pub.student_course Twhere S.sid=T.sid)

4-2

create table test4_02 asselect * from pub.student_41alter table test4_02add avg_score numeric(3,1)update test4_02 Sset avg_score=(select avg(score)from pub.student_course Twhere S.sid=T.sid)

4-3

create table test4_03 asselect * from pub.student_41alter table test4_03add sum_credit intupdate test4_03 Sset sum_credit=(select sum(credit)from pub.coursewhere cid in(select distinct cidfrom pub.student_course SCwhere S.sid=SC.sidand SC.score>=60))

4-4

create table test4_04 asselect * from pub.student_41update test4_04 T
set dname=(select didfrom pub.department Dwhere T.dname=D.dname
)
where T.dname in(select dnamefrom pub.department
)

4-5

create table test4_05 asselect * from pub.student_41alter table test4_05 add sum_score intalter table test4_05 add avg_score numeric(3, 1)alter table test4_05 add sum_credit intalter table test4_05 add did varchar(2)
update test4_05 T
set sum_score=(select sum(score)from pub.student_course SCwhere T.sid = SC.sid),avg_score=(select avg(score)from pub.student_course SCwhere T.sid=SC.sid),sum_credit=(select sum(credit)from pub.coursewhere cid in(select distinct cidfrom pub.student_course SCwhere T.sid=SC.sidand SC.score>=60))update test4_05 T
set did=(select didfrom (select did,dnamefrom pub.departmentunionselect did,dnamefrom pub.department_41) departmentwhere T.dname=department.dname）update test4_05
set did='00'
where did is null;

4-6

create table test4_06 asselect * from pub.student_42
update test4_06
set name=replace(name,' ','')

4-7

create table test4_07 asselect * from pub.student_42update test4_07
set sex= replace( sex,' ','')update test4_07
set sex= replace( sex,'性','')

4-8

create table test4_08 asselect * from pub.student_42update test4_08
set class=replace(class,'级','');

4-9

create table test4_09 asselect * from pub.student_42update test4_09 T
set age=(select 2012-extract (year from birthday)from test4_09 Swhere T.sid=S.sid)
where T.age is null;

4-10

create table test4_10 as
select *
from pub.student_42;update test4_10
set name=replace(name,' ','');update test4_10
set dname=replace(dname,' ','');update test4_10set age=(
select (2012-extract (year from birthday))
from pub.student_42
where test4_10.sid=sid
)
where test4_10.age is null;update test4_10
set sex= replace( sex,' ','');
update test4_07
set sex= replace( sex,'性','');update test4_10
set class=replace(class,'级','');

实验五 

5-1

create table test5_01(First_name varchar(4),frequency numeric(4)
)
insert into test5_01(select substr(name,2),count(*)from pub.studentgroup by substr(name,2)
)

5-2

create table test5_02(letter varchar(4),frequency numeric(4)
)
insert into test5_02(select letter,count(*)from((select substr(name,2,1) letterfrom pub.student)union all(select substr(name,3,1) letterfrom pub.studentwhere substr(name,3,1) is not null))group by letter
)

5-3

create table test5_03
(dname varchar2(30),class varchar(10),p_count1 int,p_count2 int,p_count int
)
insert into test5_03(dname,class,p_count)(select dname,class,count(sid)from pub.studentwhere dname is not nullgroup by dname,class
)
update test5_03 tset p_count1=(select count(sid)from(select S.sid,S.dname,S.classfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and SC.max_score >= 60group by S.sid,S.dname,S.classhaving sum(C.credit)>=10)awhere t.dname=a.dnameand t.class=a.class)
update test5_03 tset p_count2=(select count(sid)from((select S.dname,S.class,S.sidfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere SC.sid=S.sidand SC.cid=C.cidand SC.max_score>=60group by S.dname,S.class,S.sidhaving sum(C.credit)<10) union(select dname,class,sidfrom pub.studentwhere sid not in(select sidfrom pub.student_course)))awhere t.dname=a.dnameand t.class=a.class)

5-4

create table test5_04 
(dname varchar2(30),class varchar(10),p_count1 int,p_count2 int,p_count int
)
update test5_04 t set p_count1 = 
(select count(sid)
from 
((select S.sid,S.dname,S.classfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and SC.max_score >= 60 and S.class > 2008group by S.sid,S.dname,S.classhaving sum(C.credit) >= 10) union(select S.sid,S.dname,S.classfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and SC.max_score >= 60 and S.class <= 2008group by S.sid,S.dname,S.classhaving sum(C.credit) >= 8)
) temp
where t.dname = temp.dname and t.class  = temp.class)
update test5_04 t set p_count2 = 
(select count(sid)from ((select S.sid,S.dname,S.classfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and SC.max_score >= 60 and S.class > 2008group by S.sid,S.dname,S.classhaving sum(C.credit) < 10) union (select S.sid,S.dname,S.classfrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(SELECT sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scoreFROM pub.student_courseGROUP BY sid, cid) SCwhere S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and SC.max_score >= 60 and S.class <= 2008group by S.sid,S.dname,S.classhaving sum(C.credit) < 8) union(select sid,dname,class from pub.student where sid not in(select sid from pub.student_course))
) temp
where t.dname = temp.dname and t.class  = temp.class)

5-5

create view test5_05 as (
select *
from(select S.dname,round(avg(SC.max_score)) avg_ds_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='数据结构' and S.dname is not nullgroup by S.dname)natural full outer join(select S.dname,round(avg(SC.max_score)) avg_os_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='操作系统' and S.dname is not nullgroup by S.dname)
)

5-6

create view test5_06 as (
select *
from(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score ds_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='数据结构' and S.sid in((select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='数据结构')intersect(select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='操作系统')))natural full outer join(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score os_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='操作系统' and S.sid in((select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='数据结构')intersect(select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='操作系统')))
)

5-7

create view test5_07 as (
select *
from(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score ds_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='数据结构' and S.sid in((select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='数据结构')union(select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='操作系统')))natural full outer join(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score os_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='操作系统' and S.sid in((select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='数据结构')union(select sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere C.cid=SC.cid and C.name='操作系统')))
)

5-8

create view test5_08 as (
select *
from(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score ds_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='数据结构' )natural full outer join(select S.sid,S.name,S.dname,SC.max_score os_scorefrom pub.student S,pub.course C,(select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCwhere S.sid=SC.sid and C.cid=SC.cid and S.dname='计算机科学与技术学院' and C.name='操作系统')natural full outer join(select S.sid,S.name,S.dnamefrom pub.student Swhere S.dname = '计算机科学与技术学院' and S.sid not in (select S.sid from pub.student S,pub.course C,pub.student_course SC where S.sid = SC.sid and C.cid = SC.cid and (C.name = '数据结构' or C.name = '操作系统'))) 
)

5-9

create view test5_09 as
with temp as(select SC.sid,SC.scorefrom pub.student_course SCwhere SC.score>=60
)
select temp.score,count(sid) count1,(select count(sid) from temp) count0,(round(count(sid)/(select count(sid) from temp),4)*100) percentage
from temp
group by score

5-10

create or replace view test5_10 as
with temp as (select score, sid, cidfrom pub.student_coursewhere score >= 60 and score <= 149
)
selectsc.cid,c.name as cname,to_char(trunc(sc.score, -1), 'fm000') || '-' || to_char(trunc(sc.score, -1) + 9, 'fm000') as score,count(*) as count1,(select count(*)from tempwhere temp.cid = sc.cid) as count0,(round(count(sid)/(select count(*)from tempwhere temp.cid = sc.cid),4)*100) as percentage
frompub.course c,temp sc
wherec.cid = sc.cid
group bysc.cid,c.name,to_char(trunc(sc.score, -1), 'fm000') || '-' || to_char(trunc(sc.score, -1) + 9, 'fm000');

实验六 

6-1

create or replace view test6_01 as
select S.sid,S.name,S.dname
from pub.student S
where S.age<20 and
S.dname='物理学院'
order by S.sid

6-2

create or replace view test6_02 as
select S.sid,S.name,sum(SC.score) sum_score
from pub.student S left outer join pub.student_course SC
on S.sid=SC.sid
where S.dname='软件学院' andS.class=2009
group by S.sid,S.name

6-3

create or replace view test6_03 as
select*
from
(select C.cid,C.name,max(SC.max_score) max_scorefrom pub.course C left outer join (select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCon C.cid=SC.cidgroup by C.cid,C.name
) 
natural full outer join
(select SC.cid,count(sid) max_score_countfrom (select sid,cid,max(score) max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid,cid)SCgroup by SC.cid,SC.max_scorehaving (SC.max_score=(select max(score) from pub.student_course tempwhere SC.cid=temp.cid))
)

6-4

create or replace view test6_04 as
select SC.sid,S.name
from pub.student_course SC,pub.student S,pub.course C
where SC.sid=S.sid and SC.cid=C.cid
and SC.score>=60 and (C.name='操作系统' or C.name='数据结构'）
and S.sex='男' and (SC.sid not in(select SC.sidfrom pub.student_course SC,pub.course Cwhere SC.cid=C.cid andC.name='程序设计语言' andSC.score>=60))

6-5

create or replace view test6_05 as
select S.sid sid,S.name name,round(avg(score),0) avg_score,round(sum(score),0) sum_score
from pub.student S,pub.student_course SC
where S.sid=SC.sid and S.age=20
group by S.sid,S.name

6-6

create or replace view test6_06 as
select S.sid,S.name
from pub.student S,pub.student_course SC
where S.sid=SC.sid and
SC.score<60
group by S.sid,S.name,SC.cid
having (count(*)>=2)

6-7

create or replace view test6_07 as
select distinct S.sid,S.name
from pub.student S,pub.student_course SC
where S.sid=SC.sid and S.sid in(select sidfrom pub.student_course SCwhere not exists(select cidfrom pub.course Cminusselect cidfrom pub.student_course Tempwhere Temp.sid=SC.sid)
) and S.sid not in(select sidfrom pub.student_course SCwhere SC.score<60
)

6-8

create or replace view test6_08 as
with T as(select sid, cid, MAX(score) AS max_scorefrom pub.student_coursegroup by sid, cid
) 
select distinct S.sid,S.name
from pub.student S,T SC
where S.sid=SC.sid and S.sid in(select sidfrom T SCwhere not exists(select cidfrom pub.course Cminusselect cidfrom T Tempwhere Temp.sid=SC.sid)
) and S.sid not in(select sidfrom T SCwhere SC.max_score<60
)

6-9

create or replace view test6_09 as
select S.sid,S.name,sum(C.credit) sum_credit
from pub.student_course SC,pub.student S,pub.course C
where SC.cid=C.cid and SC.sid=S.sid
and S.dname='化学与化工学院'
and S.class=2010 and SC.score>=60
group by S.sid,S.name

6-10

create or replace view test6_10 as
select substr(S.name,1,1) second_name,count(*) p_count
from pub.student S
group by substr(S.name,1,1)

 实验七

7-1

create table test7_01 as
select S.sid, S.name, S.birthday
from pub.student S
create index test7_01_index  on test7_01 (substr(name,1,1))

7-2

create table test7_02 as
select sid,name,birthday from pub.student;
update test7_02
set birthday=to_date('19881018','yyyymmdd')
where substr(sid,12,1)='0'
create index test7_02_index on test7_02 (birthday,name)

7-3

create view test7_03 as 
select * from
(select sid,name,birthday,
(select count(*) from pub.student
where name like substr(t1.name,1,1)||'%'
) samefirstname 
from pub.student_testindex t1)   
where samefirstname=7

7-4

create view test7_04 as
select * from 
(select sid,name,birthday,(select count(*) from pub.studentwhere birthday >= trunc(t1.birthday,'mm') and birthday <=last_day(t1.birthday)) sameyearmonth,(select count(*) from pub.student where birthday >= trunc(t1.birthday,'YYYY') and birthday <= last_day(add_months(trunc(t1.birthday,'yyyy'),11))) sameyear
from pub.student_testindex t1
) 
where sameyearmonth=35

7-5

create view test7_05 as 
select * from 
(select sid,name,birthday,
(select count(*) from pub.student where birthday=t1.birthday+1) nextbirthday
from pub.student_testindex t1) where nextbirthday=7

实验八 

create table test8_10(test varchar(20),age numeric(3)
)

insert all into test8_10 values ('结果1', 88)into test8_10 values ('结果2', 90)into test8_10 values ('结果3', 90)into test8_10 values ('结果4', 86)into test8_10 values ('结果5', 90)into test8_10 values ('结果6', 90)into test8_10 values ('结果7', 86)into test8_10 values ('结果8', 86)into test8_10 values ('结果9', 76)into test8_10 values ('结果10', 86)
select * from dual

实验九 

9-1

create table test9_01(
sid char(12) not null ,
name varchar2(10) not null,
sex char(2), 
age int, 
birthday date,
dname varchar2(30), 
class varchar2(10) 
);

create index suoyin on test9_01(sid)

insert into test9_01（select *from pub.studentwhere sex='女'
）

insert into test9_01（select *from pub.student_11_1where sex='女' and sid not in(select distinct sidfrom pub.studentwhere sex='女')
）

insert into test9_01（select *from pub.student_11_2where sex='女' and sid not in(select distinct sidfrom test9_01)
）

9-2

create table test9_02(
sid char(12) not null ,
name varchar2(10) not null,
sex char(2), 
age int, 
birthday date,
dname varchar2(30), 
class varchar2(10) 
);

create index suoyin1 on test9_02(sid)

insert into test9_02
(
select * from pub.student 
where  sex='女' and
sid in (select distinct sid from pub.student_course where score<60)
);

insert into test9_02
(
select * from pub.student_11_1 
where  sex='女' 
and sid not in (select distinct sid from test9_02)
and sid in (select distinct sid from pub.student_course where score<60)
);

insert into test9_02
(
select * from pub.student_11_2 
where  sex='女' 
and  sid not in (select distinct sid from test9_02)
and sid in (select distinct sid from pub.student_course where score<60)
);

更详细题目讲解

数据库SQL语言实战（二）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（三）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（四）(数据库系统概念第三章练习题）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（五）(数据库系统概念第三章练习题）_数据库系统概括第三章sql语句数据练习-CSDN博客

 数据库SQL语言实战（六）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（七）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（八）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（九）（索引）-CSDN博客

数据库SQL语言实战（十）（最后一篇）-CSDN博客

1、基本对应实验，从实验二开始 

2、中间有几篇是老师布置的作业题

 

 总结 

本文的所有题目均来自《数据库系统概念》（黑宝书）、山东大学数据库实验一到九。不可用于商业用途转发。

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