datax介绍

官网： https://github.com/alibaba/DataX/blob/master/introduction.md

DataX 是阿里云 DataWorks数据集成 的开源版本，在阿里巴巴集团内被广泛使用的离线数据同步工具/平台。

DataX 实现了包括 MySQL、Oracle、OceanBase、SqlServer、Postgre、HDFS、Hive、ADS、HBase、TableStore(OTS)、MaxCompute(ODPS)、Hologres、DRDS, databend 等各种异构数据源之间高效的数据同步功能。

datax架构说明

datax数据处理流程

datax使用说明

Datax在使用是主要编写json文件，在json中定义read如何读取 write如何写入
格式：参考官网代码修改
parameter:{username:mysql数据库用户名
password：密码
jdbc: MySQL：//网址：端口号：/datebase
}
table:数据库名

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel": 3},"errorLimit": {"record": 0,"percentage": 0.02}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","column": ["id","name"],"splitPk": "db_id","connection": [{"table": ["table"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/database"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "streamwriter","parameter": {"print":true}}}]}
}

简单使用

读取mysql数据在终端中输出结果

-- 在mysql中创建库表
create database itcast charset=utf8;
use itcast;
create table student(id int,name varchar(20),age int,gender varchar(20)
);
insert into student values(1,'张三',20,'男'),(2,'李四',21,'男'),(3,'王五',19,'男'),(4,'赵六',22,'男');

编写datax的json文件

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel": 3},"errorLimit": {"record": 0,"percentage": 0.02}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","column": ["id","name","age","gender"],"splitPk": "id","connection": [{"table": ["student"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "streamwriter","parameter": {"print":true}}}]}
}

在datax的job目录下创建json文件

cd /export/server/datax/job/

执行json文件中的配置信息

cd /export/server/datax/bin
python datax.py ../job/mysql_data.json 

mysql使用sql语句读取数据

sql语句可以实现对数据的筛选过滤
query:书写select条件过滤

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel":1}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","connection": [{"querySql": ["select * from student where id>=3;"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "streamwriter","parameter": {"print": true,"encoding": "UTF-8"}}}]}
}

mysql数据导入hdfs

读取mysql数据写入到hdfs

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel":1}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","column": ["id","name","age","gender"],"splitPk": "id","connection": [{"table": ["student"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "hdfswriter","parameter": {"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020","fileType": "text","path": "/data","fileName": "student","column": [{"name": "id","type": "int"},{"name": "name","type": "string"},{"name": "age","type": "INT"},{"name": "gender","type": "string"}],"writeMode": "append","fieldDelimiter": "\t"}}}]}
}

使用sql语句导入需要指定jdbc连接参数
当数据中有中文是需要增加参数
jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel":1}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","connection": [{"querySql": ["select * from student where gender='男';"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "hdfswriter","parameter": {"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020","fileType": "text","path": "/data","fileName": "student","column": [{"name": "id","type": "int"},{"name": "name","type": "string"},{"name": "age","type": "INT"},{"name": "gender","type": "string"}],"writeMode": "append","fieldDelimiter": "\t"}}}]}
}

mysql数据导入hive表

hive的表是由两部分构成的

表的元数据 hive的metastore管理

表的行数据 hdfs上以文件的方式存储

导入hive表的数据本质就是将mysql中的数据导入hdfs中，将数据按照hive表的路径进行导入

1-启动hive服务 metastore hiveserve2

2-配置datagrip连接

可以联网下载，也可以使用提前下载好的

3-创建hive表

show databases ;create database itcast;
use  itcast;
create table stu(id int,name string,age int,gender string
)row format delimited  fields terminated by ',';select * from stu;

4-hive表的数据导入，本质就是将数据写入hdfs的表目录中
编写json文件

{"job": {"setting": {"speed": {"channel":1}},"content": [{"reader": {"name": "mysqlreader","parameter": {"username": "root","password": "123456","column": ["id","name","age","gender"],"splitPk": "id","connection": [{"table": ["student"],"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"]}]}},"writer": {"name": "hdfswriter","parameter": {"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020","fileType": "text","path": "/user/hive/warehouse/itcast.db/stu","fileName": "stu","column": [{"name": "id","type": "int"},{"name": "name","type": "string"},{"name": "age","type": "INT"},{"name": "gender","type": "string"}],"writeMode": "append","fieldDelimiter": ","}}}]}
}

datax-web 介绍

https://github.com/WeiYe-Jing/datax-web

datax-web是基于datax进行的二次开发，提供了一个可视化web页面，方便开发人员定义datax任务，并且能自动生成json文件

datax-web使用

启动服务

/export/server/datax-web-2.1.2/bin/start-all.sh

访问页面

http://hadoop01:9527/index.html

使用

创建项目

创建数据源连接

任务管理模板生成

可以设置定时执行

生成datax任务

任务执行

定时执行