【Java】图书管理系统介绍与实现

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1.介绍

图书馆作为知识的殿堂和学术的中心，其管理系统不仅是图书馆管理的必备工具，更是为用户提供优质、高效服务的重要保障，促进了知识的传播和学术的发展。随着信息量的急剧增长和用户需求的多样化，传统的图书馆管理方式已经难以满足现代社会的需求。因此，引入一套高效、智能的图书馆管理系统变得尤为迫切。

在本篇博客中，我们将探讨如何构建一套易用便捷的图书馆管理系统。我们将从系统的需求分析开始，一步步领略图书馆管理系统背后的编程思想。相信本文能为您带来新的启发和思考。

2. 准备框架

首先，作为图书管理系统，应具有相应的登录以及菜单功能

登录功能，我们以简单的姓名属性来进行实现；

而身份的选择，决定了菜单中可使用的功能种类；

接着，当我们登录系统，系统首先会初始化书架中所有的书籍到内存中，以供我们实现需要的功能；

最后，在相应的身份下选择相应的功能，例如查找，借阅和归还书籍；

因此，需要以下包和类来搭建框架：

Book类，用于定义书籍属性，提供构造方法，get and set 方法，以及toString方法等实现；

BookList类，通过数组来存放书籍，实现初始化，并提供一些方法，例如数组下标；

operation包中包含了菜单中所有的操作选项，由IOperation作为接口；

User类作为AdminUser与NormalUser的父类，通过动态绑定来实现不同用户的不同操作；

3.代码实现

3.1 book

3.1.1 Book

package book;public class Book {private String name;private String author;private int price;private String type;private boolean isLend;//是否被借出public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuthor() {return author;}public void setAuthor(String author) {this.author = author;}public int getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(int price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isLend() {return isLend;}public void setLend(boolean lend) {isLend = lend;}public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {this.name = name;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.type = type;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", author='" + author + '\'' +", price=" + price +", type='" + type + '\'' +(isLend == true ? "已借出" : "未借出")+//", isLend=" + isLend +'}';}
}

3.1.2 BookList

package book;public class BookList {private Book[] books = new Book[10];private int usedSize;public BookList(){books[0] = new Book("操作系统原理","阿罗哈",67,"教材");books[1] = new Book("网络技术","阿罗呀",17,"教材");books[2] = new Book("Linux嵌入式","阿罗哇",57,"教材");this.usedSize = 3;//用来记录数组已用大小，以及寻找下标}public Book getBook(int pos) {return books[pos];}public void setBook(int pos,Book book) {books[pos] = book;}public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {this.usedSize = usedSize;}public boolean isFull(){if(this.usedSize == books.length){return true;}return false;}
}

3.2 user

3.2.1 User

package user;import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;public abstract class User {protected String name;protected IOperation[] ioperations;public User(String name) {this.name = name;}public abstract int menu();//该方法是一个抽象方法，所以User类要是一个抽象类//并且该方法需要在User的子类中实现public void doIoperations(int choice, BookList bookList){this.ioperations[choice].work(bookList);}
}

3.2.2 AdminUser

package user;import java.util.Scanner;
import operation.*;public class AdminUser extends User{public AdminUser(String name) {super(name);this.ioperations = new IOperation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new AddOperation(),new DelOperation(),new ShowOperation()};}public int menu() {System.out.println("*******普通用户菜单*******");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.新增图书");System.out.println("3.删除图书");System.out.println("4.显示图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("***********************");System.out.println("请输入你需要的操作：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

3.2.3 NormalUser

package user;import java.util.Scanner;
import operation.*;public class NormalUser extends User{public NormalUser(String name){super(name);this.ioperations = new IOperation[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new BorrowedOperation(),new ReturnOperation()};//将功能存入数组中，通过输入数组下标来实现对应功能}public int menu() {System.out.println("*******普通用户菜单*******");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.借阅图书");System.out.println("3。归还图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("***********************");System.out.println("请输入你需要的操作：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

3.3 operation

3.3.1 IOperation

package operation;import book.BookList;public interface IOperation {void work(BookList bookList);
}
//通过该接口，所有接入该接口的类都将重写work方法
//通过动态绑定实现对应功能

3.3.2 AddOperation

package operation;import book.BookList;
import book.Book;import java.util.Scanner;public class AddOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList){if(bookList.isFull()){System.out.println("书架满了，无法新增！");return;}System.out.println("请输入新增的图书的书名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String bookName = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入新增图书的作者：");String author = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入新增图书的价格：");int price = scanner.nextInt();System.out.println("请输入新增图书的类型：");String type = scanner.nextLine();Book book = new Book(bookName,author,price,type);int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();//3bookList.setBook(currentSize,book);bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);System.out.println("新增图书成功！");}
}

3.3.3 BorrowedOperation

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class BorrowedOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("输入借阅图书的书名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String bookName = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if (book.getName().equals(bookName)) {book.setLend(true);System.out.println("借阅成功！");return;}}System.out.println("借阅失败！");}
}

3.3.4 DelOperation

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class DelOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书的书名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String bookName = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();int pos = -1;int i = 0;for (; i < currentSize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(bookName)) {//找到这本书了 记录下标pos = i;break;}}if(i >= currentSize) {System.out.println("没有要找的书！");return;}//开始删除了for (int j = pos; j < currentSize-1; j++) {//bookList[j] = bookList[j+1];Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);bookList.setBook(j,book);}//修改usedSizebookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);bookList.setBook(currentSize-1,null);System.out.println("删除成功！");}
}

3.3.5 ExitOperation

package operation;import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("退出系统中......");int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {bookList.setBook(i,null);}System.exit(0);}
}

3.3.6 FindOperation

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String bookName = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {//Book book = bookList[i];Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(bookName)) {System.out.print("找到了这本书：");System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("没有你要找的书....");}
}

3.3.7 ReturnOperation

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书的书名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String bookName = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(bookName)) {book.setLend(false);System.out.println("归还成功！");return;}}System.out.println("归还失败！");}
}

3.3.8 ShowOperation

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("显示图书......");int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {//Book book = bookList[i];Book book = bookList.getBook(i);System.out.println(book);}}
}

3.4 Main

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static User login() {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请选择你的身份，1.管理员用户   2.普通用户");int choice = scanner.nextInt();if(choice == 1){AdminUser adminUser = new AdminUser(name);return adminUser;}else{NormalUser normalUser = new NormalUser(name);return normalUser;}}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList bookList = new BookList();//User有可能引用 管理员用户 有可能引用普通用户User user = login();while (true){int choice = user.menu();user.doIoperations(choice,bookList);}}
}