文章目录
- Google Chrome的离线小恐龙游戏
- 项目结构大纲 📊👣
- 逐步编码过程 🧩💡
- 第一步：项目初始化与主程序框架
- 第二步：实现T-Rex的跳跃功能
- 第三步：添加障碍物和碰撞检测
- 第四步：添加得分机制和显示得分
- 第五步：游戏结束处理和重新开始选项
- 第六步：添加背景和地面
- 效果图
Google Chrome的离线小恐龙游戏
本文章通过详细的列举项目结构大纲和列举逐步编码过程和思路，便于学习者能够更加快速方便地掌握该游戏的开发。
项目结构大纲 📊👣
t_rex_game/
│
├── main.py # 主程序文件
├── trex.py # T-Rex角色类
├── assets/
│ └── trex.png # T-Rex图片文件
├── obstacles.py # 障碍物类逐步编码过程 🧩💡
第一步：项目初始化与主程序框架
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()screen.fill(white)t_rex.draw(screen)pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":game_loop()trex.py
import pygame
import osclass TRex:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'trex.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = 50self.y = screen_height - 70self.screen_width = screen_widthself.screen_height = screen_heightdef draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))
注意点
首先，trex.png指的是小恐龙的照片，要先保证照片能够正常显示；然后要使用pygame.transform.scale函数来缩放图片大小。调整后的图片大小为50x50像素，你可以根据需要调整这个尺寸。
第二步：实现T-Rex的跳跃功能
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:t_rex.jump()t_rex.update() # 更新T-Rex的状态screen.fill(white)t_rex.draw(screen)pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":game_loop()
trex.py
import pygame
import osclass TRex:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'trex.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = 50self.y = screen_height - 70self.jump_speed = 20 # 跳跃速度（增加）self.gravity = 2 # 重力（增加）self.velocity = 0 # 初始速度self.is_jumping = False # 跳跃状态self.screen_width = screen_widthself.screen_height = screen_heightdef jump(self):if not self.is_jumping:self.is_jumping = Trueself.velocity = -self.jump_speeddef update(self):if self.is_jumping:self.y += self.velocityself.velocity += self.gravity# 检查是否着地if self.y >= self.screen_height - 70:self.y = self.screen_height - 70self.is_jumping = Falseself.velocity = 0def draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))
注意点
在完成跳跃功能时，我们会使小恐龙跳跃回弹到地面的时间尽可能短。我们可以通过设置：
跳跃速度：将self.jump_speed从15增加到20。
重力加速度：将self.gravity从1增加到2。
第三步：添加障碍物和碰撞检测
我们需要创建一个Obstacle类，并在主程序中生成障碍物。同时，实现T-Rex与障碍物的碰撞检测。
项目结构大纲 📊👣
t_rex_game/
│
├── main.py # 主程序文件
├── trex.py # T-Rex角色类
├── obstacles.py # 障碍物类
├── assets/
│ └── trex.png # T-Rex图片文件
│ └── cactus.png # 障碍物图片文件
└── utils.py # 工具函数
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex
from obstacles import Obstacle
import random# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles = []def create_obstacle():obstacle = Obstacle(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles.append(obstacle)# 每隔一段时间创建一个新障碍物obstacle_timer = 0while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:t_rex.jump()t_rex.update() # 更新T-Rex的状态# 创建新障碍物obstacle_timer += 1if obstacle_timer > 50:create_obstacle()obstacle_timer = 0# 更新障碍物状态for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.update()# 检测碰撞if t_rex.x < obstacle.x + obstacle.width and \t_rex.x + t_rex.width > obstacle.x and \t_rex.y < obstacle.y + obstacle.height and \t_rex.height + t_rex.y > obstacle.y:# 碰撞检测到pygame.quit()sys.exit()# 清除离开屏幕的障碍物obstacles = [obstacle for obstacle in obstacles if obstacle.x + obstacle.width > 0]screen.fill(white)t_rex.draw(screen)for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.draw(screen)pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":game_loop()trex.py
import pygame
import osclass TRex:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'trex.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = 50self.y = screen_height - 70self.width = 50self.height = 50self.jump_speed = 20 # 跳跃速度self.gravity = 2 # 重力self.velocity = 0 # 初始速度self.is_jumping = False # 跳跃状态self.screen_width = screen_widthself.screen_height = screen_heightdef jump(self):if not self.is_jumping:self.is_jumping = Trueself.velocity = -self.jump_speeddef update(self):if self.is_jumping:self.y += self.velocityself.velocity += self.gravity# 检查是否着地if self.y >= self.screen_height - 70:self.y = self.screen_height - 70self.is_jumping = Falseself.velocity = 0def draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))obstacles.py
import pygame
import osclass Obstacle:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'cactus.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = screen_widthself.y = screen_height - 70self.width = 50self.height = 50self.speed = 10def update(self):self.x -= self.speeddef draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))解释
障碍物类：Obstacle类用于表示游戏中的障碍物。每个障碍物都有位置、大小和速度属性。
创建和更新障碍物：在主程序中，我们定期创建新障碍物，并在每一帧更新它们的位置。
碰撞检测：在主程序的每一帧，我们检查T-Rex与每个障碍物是否发生碰撞。如果发生碰撞，游戏结束。
第四步：添加得分机制和显示得分
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex
from obstacles import Obstacle
import random# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles = []score = 0def create_obstacle():obstacle = Obstacle(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles.append(obstacle)# 每隔一段时间创建一个新障碍物obstacle_timer = 0# 创建字体对象font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:t_rex.jump()t_rex.update() # 更新T-Rex的状态# 创建新障碍物obstacle_timer += 1if obstacle_timer > 50:create_obstacle()obstacle_timer = 0# 更新障碍物状态for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.update()# 检测碰撞if t_rex.x < obstacle.x + obstacle.width and \t_rex.x + t_rex.width > obstacle.x and \t_rex.y < obstacle.y + obstacle.height and \t_rex.height + t_rex.y > obstacle.y:# 碰撞检测到pygame.quit()sys.exit()# 更新得分for obstacle in obstacles:if obstacle.x + obstacle.width < t_rex.x:score += 1obstacles.remove(obstacle) # 删除已通过的障碍物screen.fill(white)t_rex.draw(screen)for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.draw(screen)# 显示得分score_text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, black)screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":game_loop()trex.py
import pygame
import osclass TRex:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'trex.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = 50self.y = screen_height - 70self.width = 50self.height = 50self.jump_speed = 20 # 跳跃速度self.gravity = 2 # 重力self.velocity = 0 # 初始速度self.is_jumping = False # 跳跃状态self.screen_width = screen_widthself.screen_height = screen_heightdef jump(self):if not self.is_jumping:self.is_jumping = Trueself.velocity = -self.jump_speeddef update(self):if self.is_jumping:self.y += self.velocityself.velocity += self.gravity# 检查是否着地if self.y >= self.screen_height - 70:self.y = self.screen_height - 70self.is_jumping = Falseself.velocity = 0def draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))obstacles.py
import pygame
import osclass Obstacle:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'cactus.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = screen_widthself.y = screen_height - 70self.width = 50self.height = 50self.speed = 10def update(self):self.x -= self.speeddef draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))解释
更新得分机制：在每一帧中，检查每个障碍物是否已经通过了T-Rex的位置（obstacle.x + obstacle.width < t_rex.x）。如果通过，增加得分，并从障碍物列表中删除该障碍物。
第五步：游戏结束处理和重新开始选项
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex
from obstacles import Obstacle
import random# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 显示游戏结束画面
def show_game_over_screen(score):screen.fill(white)font = pygame.font.Font(None, 48)game_over_text = font.render('Game Over', True, red)score_text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, black)restart_text = font.render('Press R to Restart', True, black)screen.blit(game_over_text, (screen_width // 2 - game_over_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2 - 50))screen.blit(score_text, (screen_width // 2 - score_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2))screen.blit(restart_text, (screen_width // 2 - restart_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2 + 50))pygame.display.update()# 等待用户按下 R 键重新开始while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_r:return # 重新开始游戏# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles = []score = 0def create_obstacle():obstacle = Obstacle(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles.append(obstacle)# 每隔一段时间创建一个新障碍物obstacle_timer = 0# 创建字体对象font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:t_rex.jump()t_rex.update() # 更新T-Rex的状态# 创建新障碍物obstacle_timer += 1if obstacle_timer > 50:create_obstacle()obstacle_timer = 0# 更新障碍物状态for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.update()# 检测碰撞if t_rex.x < obstacle.x + obstacle.width and \t_rex.x + t_rex.width > obstacle.x and \t_rex.y < obstacle.y + obstacle.height and \t_rex.height + t_rex.y > obstacle.y:# 碰撞检测到，显示游戏结束画面show_game_over_screen(score)return# 更新得分for obstacle in obstacles:if obstacle.x + obstacle.width < t_rex.x:score += 1obstacles.remove(obstacle) # 删除已通过的障碍物screen.fill(white)t_rex.draw(screen)for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.draw(screen)# 显示得分score_text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, black)screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":while True:game_loop()第六步：添加背景和地面
项目结构大纲
t_rex_game/
│
├── main.py # 主程序文件
├── trex.py # T-Rex角色类
├── obstacles.py # 障碍物类
├── assets/
│ └── trex.png # T-Rex图片文件
│ └── cactus.png # 障碍物图片文件
│ └── ground.png # 地面图片文件
└── utils.py # 工具函数
main.py
import pygame
import sys
from trex import TRex
from obstacles import Obstacle
import random# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()# 设置屏幕尺寸
screen_width = 800
screen_height = 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)# 设置帧率
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 30# 加载地面图片
ground = pygame.image.load('assets/ground.png')
ground_height = 20
ground = pygame.transform.scale(ground, (screen_width, ground_height))# 显示游戏结束画面
def show_game_over_screen(score):screen.fill(white)font = pygame.font.Font(None, 48)game_over_text = font.render('Game Over', True, red)score_text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, black)restart_text = font.render('Press R to Restart', True, black)screen.blit(game_over_text, (screen_width // 2 - game_over_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2 - 50))screen.blit(score_text, (screen_width // 2 - score_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2))screen.blit(restart_text, (screen_width // 2 - restart_text.get_width() // 2, screen_height // 2 + 50))pygame.display.update()# 等待用户按下 R 键重新开始while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_r:return # 重新开始游戏# 游戏主循环
def game_loop():t_rex = TRex(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles = []score = 0def create_obstacle():obstacle = Obstacle(screen_width, screen_height)obstacles.append(obstacle)# 每隔一段时间创建一个新障碍物obstacle_timer = 0# 创建字体对象font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)# 背景颜色控制bg_color = whitebg_color_change_timer = 0bg_color_change_interval = 500 # 颜色变化间隔（帧数）while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:t_rex.jump()t_rex.update() # 更新T-Rex的状态# 创建新障碍物obstacle_timer += 1if obstacle_timer > 50:create_obstacle()obstacle_timer = 0# 更新障碍物状态for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.update()# 检测碰撞if t_rex.x < obstacle.x + obstacle.width and \t_rex.x + t_rex.width > obstacle.x and \t_rex.y < obstacle.y + obstacle.height and \t_rex.height + t_rex.y > obstacle.y:# 碰撞检测到，显示游戏结束画面show_game_over_screen(score)return# 更新得分for obstacle in obstacles:if obstacle.x + obstacle.width < t_rex.x:score += 1obstacles.remove(obstacle) # 删除已通过的障碍物# 变换背景颜色bg_color_change_timer += 1if bg_color_change_timer > bg_color_change_interval:bg_color = black if bg_color == white else whitebg_color_change_timer = 0screen.fill(bg_color)screen.blit(ground, (0, screen_height - ground_height)) # 显示地面t_rex.draw(screen)for obstacle in obstacles:obstacle.draw(screen)# 显示得分score_text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, black if bg_color == white else white)screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))pygame.display.update()clock.tick(fps)if __name__ == "__main__":while True:game_loop()trex.py
import pygame
import osclass TRex:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'trex.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = 50self.y = screen_height - 70 - 20 # 调整位置以适应地面高度self.width = 50self.height = 50self.jump_speed = 20 # 跳跃速度self.gravity = 2 # 重力self.velocity = 0 # 初始速度self.is_jumping = False # 跳跃状态self.screen_width = screen_widthself.screen_height = screen_heightdef jump(self):if not self.is_jumping:self.is_jumping = Trueself.velocity = -self.jump_speeddef update(self):if self.is_jumping:self.y += self.velocityself.velocity += self.gravity# 检查是否着地if self.y >= self.screen_height - 70 - 20:self.y = self.screen_height - 70 - 20self.is_jumping = Falseself.velocity = 0def draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))obstacles.py
import pygame
import osclass Obstacle:def __init__(self, screen_width, screen_height):# 获取当前脚本文件所在的目录current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)# 拼接图片文件的完整路径image_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'assets', 'cactus.png')self.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (50, 50)) # 缩放图片self.x = screen_widthself.y = screen_height - 70 - 20 # 调整位置以适应地面高度self.width = 50self.height = 50self.speed = 10def update(self):self.x -= self.speeddef draw(self, screen):screen.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))解释
背景颜色切换：在主程序中，我们使用一个计时器bg_color_change_timer来控制背景颜色的变化。每当计时器达到设定的间隔时，背景颜色在白色和黑色之间切换。
地面调整：调整了T-Rex和障碍物的垂直位置以适应地面高度。
效果图
