【Python自动化测试】如何才能让用例自动运行完之后，生成一张直观可看易懂的测试报告呢？

小编使用的是unittest的一个扩展HTMLTestRunner

环境准备

使用之前，我们需要下载HTMLTestRunner.py文件

点击HTMLTestRunner后进入的是一个写满代码的网页，小编推荐操作：右键 --> 另存为，文件名称千万不要改

python3使用上述HTMLTestRunner可能会报错，可以替换如下文件

"""A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. Itgenerates a HTML report to show the result at a glance.The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g.import unittestimport HTMLTestRunner... define your tests ...if __name__ == '__main__':HTMLTestRunner.main()For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object.HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g.# output to a filefp = file('my_report.html', 'wb')runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='My unit test',description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.')# Use an external stylesheet.# See the Template_mixin class for more customizable optionsrunner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">'# run the testrunner.run(my_test_suite)------------------------------------------------------------------------Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip TungAll rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditions aremet:* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyrightnotice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in thedocumentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.* Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may beused to endorse or promote products derived from this software withoutspecific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "ASIS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITEDTO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNEROR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, ORPROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OFLIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THISSOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."""# URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"__version__ = "0.8.2""""Change HistoryVersion 0.8.2* Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu).Version in 0.8.1* Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert).* Added description of test classes and test cases.Version in 0.8.0* Define Template_mixin class for customization.* Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA.Version in 0.7.1* Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz).* Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi)."""# TODO: color stderr# TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?import datetimeimport ioimport sysimport timeimport unittestfrom xml.sax import saxutils# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output# sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However# in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is# invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those# output, use the redirectors for the cached stream.## e.g.# >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector)# >>>class OutputRedirector(object):""" Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """def __init__(self, fp):self.fp = fpdef write(self, s):self.fp.write(s)def writelines(self, lines):self.fp.writelines(lines)def flush(self):self.fp.flush()stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)# ----------------------------------------------------------------------# Templateclass Template_mixin(object):"""Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation.Overall structure of an HTML reportHTML+------------------------+|<html> || <head> || || STYLESHEET || +----------------+ || | | || +----------------+ || || </head> || || <body> || || HEADING || +----------------+ || | | || +----------------+ || || REPORT || +----------------+ || | | || +----------------+ || || ENDING || +----------------+ || | | || +----------------+ || || </body> ||</html> |+------------------------+"""STATUS = {0: 'pass',1: 'fail',2: 'error',}DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# HTML TemplateHTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>%(title)s</title><meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>%(stylesheet)s</head><body><script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"><!--output_list = Array();/* level - 0:Summary; 1:Failed; 2:All */function showCase(level) {trs = document.getElementsByTagName("tr");for (var i = 0; i < trs.length; i++) {tr = trs[i];id = tr.id;if (id.substr(0,2) == 'ft') {if (level < 1) {tr.className = 'hiddenRow';}else {tr.className = '';}}if (id.substr(0,2) == 'pt') {if (level > 1) {tr.className = '';}else {tr.className = 'hiddenRow';}}}}function showClassDetail(cid, count) {var id_list = Array(count);var toHide = 1;for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {tid0 = 't' + cid.substr(1) + '.' + (i+1);tid = 'f' + tid0;tr = document.getElementById(tid);if (!tr) {tid = 'p' + tid0;tr = document.getElementById(tid);}id_list[i] = tid;if (tr.className) {toHide = 0;}}for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {tid = id_list[i];if (toHide) {document.getElementById('div_'+tid).style.display = 'none'document.getElementById(tid).className = 'hiddenRow';}else {document.getElementById(tid).className = '';}}}function showTestDetail(div_id){var details_div = document.getElementById(div_id)var displayState = details_div.style.display// alert(displayState)if (displayState != 'block' ) {displayState = 'block'details_div.style.display = 'block'}else {details_div.style.display = 'none'}}function html_escape(s) {s = s.replace(/&/g,'&amp;');s = s.replace(/</g,'&lt;');s = s.replace(/>/g,'&gt;');return s;}/* obsoleted by detail in <div>function showOutput(id, name) {var w = window.open("", //urlname,"resizable,scrollbars,status,width=800,height=450");d = w.document;d.write("<pre>");d.write(html_escape(output_list[id]));d.write("\n");d.write("<a href='javascript:window.close()'>close</a>\n");d.write("</pre>\n");d.close();}*/--></script>%(heading)s%(report)s%(ending)s</body></html>"""# variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending)# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Stylesheet## alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g.# <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">STYLESHEET_TMPL = """<style type="text/css" media="screen">body { font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 80%; }table { font-size: 100%; }pre { }/* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */h1 {font-size: 16pt;color: gray;}.heading {margin-top: 0ex;margin-bottom: 1ex;}.heading .attribute {margin-top: 1ex;margin-bottom: 0;}.heading .description {margin-top: 4ex;margin-bottom: 6ex;}/* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */a.popup_link {}a.popup_link:hover {color: red;}.popup_window {display: none;position: relative;left: 0px;top: 0px;/*border: solid #627173 1px; */padding: 10px;background-color: #E6E6D6;font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;text-align: left;font-size: 8pt;width: 500px;}}/* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */#show_detail_line {margin-top: 3ex;margin-bottom: 1ex;}#result_table {width: 80%;border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid #777;}#header_row {font-weight: bold;color: white;background-color: #777;}#result_table td {border: 1px solid #777;padding: 2px;}#total_row { font-weight: bold; }.passClass { background-color: #6c6; }.failClass { background-color: #c60; }.errorClass { background-color: #c00; }.passCase { color: #6c6; }.failCase { color: #c60; font-weight: bold; }.errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; }.hiddenRow { display: none; }.testcase { margin-left: 2em; }/* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */#ending {}</style>"""# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Heading#HEADING_TMPL = """<div class='heading'><h1>%(title)s</h1>%(parameters)s<p class='description'>%(description)s</p></div>""" # variables: (title, parameters, description)HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p>""" # variables: (name, value)# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Report#REPORT_TMPL = """<p id='show_detail_line'>Show<a href='javascript:showCase(0)'>Summary</a><a href='javascript:showCase(1)'>Failed</a><a href='javascript:showCase(2)'>All</a></p><table id='result_table'><colgroup><col align='left' /><col align='right' /><col align='right' /><col align='right' /><col align='right' /><col align='right' /></colgroup><tr id='header_row'><td>Test Group/Test case</td><td>Count</td><td>Pass</td><td>Fail</td><td>Error</td><td>View</td></tr>%(test_list)s<tr id='total_row'><td>Total</td><td>%(count)s</td><td>%(Pass)s</td><td>%(fail)s</td><td>%(error)s</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>""" # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = r"""<tr class='%(style)s'><td>%(desc)s</td><td>%(count)s</td><td>%(Pass)s</td><td>%(fail)s</td><td>%(error)s</td><td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">Detail</a></td></tr>""" # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'><td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td><td colspan='5' align='center'><!--css div popup start--><a class="popup_link" onfocus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" >%(status)s</a><div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window"><div style='text-align: right; color:red;cursor:pointer'><a onfocus='this.blur();' onclick="document.getElementById('div_%(tid)s').style.display = 'none' " >[x]</a></div><pre>%(script)s</pre></div><!--css div popup end--></td></tr>""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'><td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td><td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td></tr>""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""%(id)s: %(output)s""" # variables: (id, output)# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# ENDING#ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'>&nbsp;</div>"""# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------TestResult = unittest.TestResultclass _TestResult(TestResult):# note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.# It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.def __init__(self, verbosity=1):TestResult.__init__(self)self.stdout0 = Noneself.stderr0 = Noneself.success_count = 0self.failure_count = 0self.error_count = 0self.verbosity = verbosity# result is a list of result in 4 tuple# (# result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),# TestCase object,# Test output (byte string),# stack trace,# )self.result = []def startTest(self, test):TestResult.startTest(self, test)# just one buffer for both stdout and stderrself.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBufferstderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBufferself.stdout0 = sys.stdoutself.stderr0 = sys.stderrsys.stdout = stdout_redirectorsys.stderr = stderr_redirectordef complete_output(self):"""Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.Safe to call multiple times."""if self.stdout0:sys.stdout = self.stdout0sys.stderr = self.stderr0self.stdout0 = Noneself.stderr0 = Nonereturn self.outputBuffer.getvalue()def stopTest(self, test):# Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.# But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.# We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.self.complete_output()def addSuccess(self, test):self.success_count += 1TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)output = self.complete_output()self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))if self.verbosity > 1:sys.stderr.write('ok ')sys.stderr.write(str(test))sys.stderr.write('\n')else:sys.stderr.write('.')def addError(self, test, err):self.error_count += 1TestResult.addError(self, test, err)_, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]output = self.complete_output()self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))if self.verbosity > 1:sys.stderr.write('E ')sys.stderr.write(str(test))sys.stderr.write('\n')else:sys.stderr.write('E')def addFailure(self, test, err):self.failure_count += 1TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)_, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]output = self.complete_output()self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))if self.verbosity > 1:sys.stderr.write('F ')sys.stderr.write(str(test))sys.stderr.write('\n')else:sys.stderr.write('F')class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):""""""def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):self.stream = streamself.verbosity = verbosityif title is None:self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLEelse:self.title = titleif description is None:self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTIONelse:self.description = descriptionself.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()def run(self, test):"Run the given test case or test suite."result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)test(result)self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()self.generateReport(test, result)# print >> sys.stderr, '\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime-self.startTime)print(sys.stderr, '\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime-self.startTime))return resultdef sortResult(self, result_list):# unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.# Here at least we want to group them together by class.rmap = {}classes = []for n,t,o,e in result_list:cls = t.__class__if not cls in rmap:rmap[cls] = []classes.append(cls)rmap[cls].append((n,t,o,e))r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]return rdef getReportAttributes(self, result):"""Return report attributes as a list of (name, value).Override this to add custom attributes."""startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)status = []if result.success_count: status.append('Pass %s' % result.success_count)if result.failure_count: status.append('Failure %s' % result.failure_count)if result.error_count: status.append('Error %s' % result.error_count )if status:status = ' '.join(status)else:status = 'none'return [('Start Time', startTime),('Duration', duration),('Status', status),]def generateReport(self, test, result):report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)report = self._generate_report(result)ending = self._generate_ending()output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(title = saxutils.escape(self.title),generator = generator,stylesheet = stylesheet,heading = heading,report = report,ending = ending,)self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))def _generate_stylesheet(self):return self.STYLESHEET_TMPLdef _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):a_lines = []for name, value in report_attrs:line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(name = saxutils.escape(name),value = saxutils.escape(value),)a_lines.append(line)heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(title = saxutils.escape(self.title),parameters = ''.join(a_lines),description = saxutils.escape(self.description),)return headingdef _generate_report(self, result):rows = []sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):# subtotal for a classnp = nf = ne = 0for n,t,o,e in cls_results:if n == 0: np += 1elif n == 1: nf += 1else: ne += 1# format class descriptionif cls.__module__ == "__main__":name = cls.__name__else:name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or namerow = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(style = ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',desc = desc,count = np+nf+ne,Pass = np,fail = nf,error = ne,cid = 'c%s' % (cid+1),)rows.append(row)for tid, (n,t,o,e) in enumerate(cls_results):self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(test_list = ''.join(rows),count = str(result.success_count+result.failure_count+result.error_count),Pass = str(result.success_count),fail = str(result.failure_count),error = str(result.error_count),)return reportdef _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):# e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etchas_output = bool(o or e)tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid+1,tid+1)name = t.id().split('.')[-1]doc = t.shortDescription() or ""desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or nametmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL# o and e should be byte string because they are collected from stdout and stderr?if isinstance(o,str):# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating# uo = unicode(o.encode('string_escape'))# uo = o.decode('latin-1')uo = eelse:uo = oif isinstance(e,str):# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating# ue = unicode(e.encode('string_escape'))# ue = e.decode('latin-1')ue = eelse:ue = escript = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(id = tid,output = saxutils.escape(str(uo)+ue),)row = tmpl % dict(tid = tid,Class = (n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),style = n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none'),desc = desc,script = script,status = self.STATUS[n],)rows.append(row)if not has_output:returndef _generate_ending(self):return self.ENDING_TMPL############################################################################### Facilities for running tests from the command line############################################################################### Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may# build our own launcher to support more specific command line# parameters like test title, CSS, etc.class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):"""A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the baseclass for command line parameters."""def runTests(self):# Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.# base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means# we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.if self.testRunner is None:self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)main = TestProgram############################################################################### Executing this module from the command line##############################################################################if __name__ == "__main__":main(module=None)

使用

接下来，小编将以登录网易邮箱为例，生成一份最基础的测试报告。小伙伴们copy走代码验证时一定记得修改账号密码哦。

目录结构如下：

将HTMLTestRunner.py文件存放到package包下，将test_login.py存放到testcase目录下，用于编写测试用例，建立testreport包，用于存放测试报告，在email目录下建立run_test.py，用于执行测试

HTMLTestRunner的使用方法在代码注释中介绍和解释

【test_login.py】

from selenium import webdriverimport unittest,timeclass Login(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):#打开百度，搜索“163网易邮箱”，登录driver=webdriver.Firefox()driver.implicitly_wait(5)self.driver=driverdriver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("163邮箱登录")driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()name = driver.find_element_by_id("op_email3_username")password = driver.find_element_by_class_name("op_email3_password")login = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".c-btn")#如下操作可以使setUp中的变量被其他模块调用self.name=nameself.password=passwordself.login=logindef tearDown(self):self.driver.quit()def switch_window(self):#切换窗口for handle in self.driver.window_handles:self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)#j增加等待时间，可以提高测试用例执行的健壮性time.sleep(2)time.sleep(3)#成功登录def test_right_login(self):#账号密码自行填写self.name.send_keys("xxx")self.password.send_keys("xxx")self.login.click()self.switch_window()#t通过新窗口的title验证用例是否通过self.assertEqual(self.driver.title,"网易邮箱6.0版","登录失败")#密码为空登录def test_null_psw_login(self):self.name.send_keys("xxx")time.sleep(3)self.login.click()self.switch_window()# t通过新窗口的title验证用例是否通过self.assertEqual(self.driver.title,"网易帐号中心 > 用户验证","未跳转至用户验证界面")

【run_test.py】


#导入HTMLTestRunner的包from package import HTMLTestRunner#导入test_login的包，执行测试用例时需使用from testcase.test_login import *#定义要执行的测试用例的路径test_dir = './testcase'#定义要执行的测试用例的路径和名称格式#test_*.py的意思是，./testcase路径下文件名称格式为test_*.py的文件，*为任意匹配，路径下有多少的test_*.py格式的文件，就依次执行几个discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test_*.py')#定义测试报告的名称和存储位置filename = './testreport/loginReport.html'#开始执行if __name__ == '__main__':suit=unittest.TestSuite()suit.addTest(Login("test_right_login"))suit.addTest(Login("test_null_psw_login"))#以wb(可写的二进制文件)形式，打开文件，若文件不存在，则先执行创建，再执行打开fp = open(filename, 'wb')#调用HTMLTestRunner生成报告runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(# 指定测试报告的文件stream=fp,# 测试报告的标题title=u"登录网易邮箱测试报告",# 测试报告的副标题description=u'用例执行情况（win7 64位）')#执行用例runner.run(discover)