文章目录
- 1、简介
- 2、下载和安装
- 2.1 下载
- 2.3 快速入门
- 3、使用
- 3.1 支持的工程文件Project Files
- 3.2 构建设置Build Settings
- 3.3 链接Linking
- 3.4 配置Configurations
- 3.5 平台Platforms
- 3.6 过滤Filters
- 3.7 预设值Tokens
- 4、测试
- 4.1 测试1:入门例子
- 4.2 测试2:入门例子2
- 4.3 测试3:glfw例子
- 4.3.1 准备第三方库glfw
- 4.3.2 新建封装库项目ExampleDll
- 4.3.3 新建测试项目ExampleTest
- 4.3.4 新建构建脚本
- 4.3.5 执行构建命令
- 结语
1、简介
Premake是一个命令行实用程序,它读取软件项目的脚本定义,最常见的是使用它为Visual Studio,Xcode或GNU Make等工具集生成项目文件。
- 官网地址:
https://premake.github.io/
- 什么是构建系统
构建系统(BuildSystem)是用来从源码生成用户可以使用的目标(Targets)的自动化工具。目标可以包括库,可执行文件,或者生成的脚本等等。- 项目模块依赖关系维护 ;
- 目标的可配置化(不同系统:Windows,Mac…;不同平台:Win32,Win64,Amd64…)
- 目标生成的自动化
- 常见的构建系统
主流的可以跨平台,支持C++的构建系统- CMake
- Scons
- Premake
- GNU Make
- GNU autotools
- Apache Ant(主要用于Java)
- Gradle(主要用于Java)
- Premake生成的目标工程
Premake 5.0 的当前开发版本可以生成针对以下目标的 C、C++ 或 C# 项目:- Microsoft Visual Studio 2005-2019
- GNU Make, including Cygwin and MinGW
- Xcode
- Codelite
2、下载和安装
2.1 下载
https://premake.github.io/download
这里我们下载编译好的sdk开发包,解压如下:
2.3 快速入门
- 1、新建测试文件夹test
mkdir test
cd test
- 2、新建构建脚本premake5.lua
premake5.lua的内容如下:
workspace "XiaomuWorkspace"configurations { "Debug", "Release" }project "XiaomuProject"kind "ConsoleApp"language "C++"files { "**.h", "**.cpp" }filter { "configurations:Debug" }defines { "DEBUG" }symbols "On"filter { "configurations:Release" }defines { "NDEBUG" }optimize "On"
- 3、执行构建命令,生成指定工程
Premake5 vs2017
生成文件如下:
3、使用
3.1 支持的工程文件Project Files
Action | Description |
---|---|
vs2022 | Generate Visual Studio 2022 project files |
vs2019 | Generate Visual Studio 2019 project files |
vs2017 | Generate Visual Studio 2017 project files |
vs2015 | Generate Visual Studio 2015 project files |
vs2013 | Generate Visual Studio 2013 project files |
vs2012 | Generate Visual Studio 2012 project files |
vs2010 | Generate Visual Studio 2010 project files |
vs2008 | Generate Visual Studio 2008 project files |
vs2005 | Generate Visual Studio 2005 project files |
gmake | Generate GNU Makefiles (This generator is deprecated by gmake2) |
gmake2 | Generate GNU Makefiles (including Cygwin and MinGW) |
xcode4 | XCode projects |
codelite | CodeLite projects |
若要生成 Visual Studio 2013 项目文件,请使用以下命令:
premake5 vs2013
3.2 构建设置Build Settings
设置名称 | 设置标志 |
---|---|
指定二进制类型(可执行文件、库) | kind |
指定源代码文件 | files, removefiles |
定义编译器或预处理器符号 | defines |
找到包含文件 | includedirs |
设置预编译标头 | pchheader, pchsource |
链接库、框架或其他项目 | links, libdirs |
启用调试信息 | symbols |
针对尺寸或速度进行优化 | optimize |
添加任意构建标志 | buildoptions, linkoptions |
设置已编译目标的名称或位置 | targetname, targetdir |
defines { "DEBUG", "TRACE" }
defines { "CALLSPEC=__dllexport" }
includedirs { "../lua/include", "../zlib" }
includedirs { "../includes/**" }
pchheader "myproject.h"
optimize "Speed"
filter { "system:linux", "action:gmake" }buildoptions { "`wx-config --cxxflags`", "-ansi", "-pedantic" }
targetname "mytarget"
3.3 链接Linking
(1)链接到外部库是通过links 功能完成的。
links { "png", "zlib" }
(2)links 指令的位置在project 下面设置。
workspace "MyWorkspace"project "MyLibraryProject"-- ...project settings here...project "MyExecutableProject"-- ...project settings here...links { "MyLibraryProject" }
(3)而查找库,则使用如下指令。
libdirs { "libs", "../mylibs" }
# or
libdirs { os.findlib("X11") }
3.4 配置Configurations
配置是要应用于构建的设置集合,包括标志和开关、头文件和库搜索目录等。每个工作区定义自己的配置名称列表;大多数 IDE 提供的默认值是“调试”和“发布”。
workspace "MyWorkspace"configurations { "Debug", "Release" }
workspace "MyWorkspace"configurations { "Debug", "DebugDLL", "Release", "ReleaseDLL" }
workspace "MyWorkspace"configurations { "Froobniz", "Fozbat", "Cthulhu" }
workspace "HelloWorld"configurations { "Debug", "Release" }filter "configurations:Debug"defines { "DEBUG" }flags { "Symbols" }filter "configurations:Release"defines { "NDEBUG" }optimize "On"
3.5 平台Platforms
“平台”在这里有点用词不当;我再次遵循Visual Studio命名法。实际上,平台只是另一组构建配置名称,提供了另一个方向用于配置项目。
configurations { "Debug", "Release" }
platforms { "Win32", "Win64", "Xbox360" }
configurations { "Debug", "Release" }
platforms { "Win32", "Win64", "Xbox360" }filter { "platforms:Win32" }system "Windows"architecture "x86"filter { "platforms:Win64" }system "Windows"architecture "x86_64"filter { "platforms:Xbox360" }system "Xbox360"
configurations { "Debug", "Release" }
platforms { "Static", "DLL" }filter { "platforms:Static" }kind "StaticLib"filter { "platforms:DLL" }kind "SharedLib"defines { "DLL_EXPORTS" }
3.6 过滤Filters
project "MyProject"filter { "configurations:Debug" }targetdir "bin/debug"filter { "configurations:Release" }targetdir "bin/release"
3.7 预设值Tokens
wks.name
wks.location -- (location where the workspace/solution is written, not the premake-wks.lua file)prj.name
prj.location -- (location where the project is written, not the premake-prj.lua file)
prj.language
prj.groupcfg.longname
cfg.shortname
cfg.kind
cfg.architecture
cfg.platform
cfg.system
cfg.buildcfg
cfg.buildtarget -- (see [target], below)
cfg.linktarget -- (see [target], below)
cfg.objdirfile.path
file.abspath
file.relpath
file.directory
file.reldirectory
file.name
file.basename -- (file part without extension)
file.extension -- (including '.'; eg ".cpp")-- These values are available on build and link targets
-- Replace [target] with one of "cfg.buildtarget" or "cfg.linktarget"
-- Eg: %{cfg.buildtarget.abspath}
[target].abspath
[target].relpath
[target].directory
[target].name
[target].basename -- (file part without extension)
[target].extension -- (including '.'; eg ".cpp")
[target].bundlename
[target].bundlepath
[target].prefix
[target].suffix
4、测试
4.1 测试1:入门例子
- 新建文件夹test001:
mkdir test001
cd test001
- 新建代码文件hello.c:
/* hello.c */
#include <stdio.h>int main(void) {puts("Hello, world! 爱看书的小沐!");return 0;
}
- 新建构建脚本文件premake5.lua:
-- premake5.lua
workspace "XiaoMuProject"configurations { "Debug", "Release" }project "XiaoMu001"kind "ConsoleApp"language "C"targetdir "bin/%{cfg.buildcfg}"files { "**.h", "**.c" }filter "configurations:Debug"defines { "DEBUG" }symbols "On"filter "configurations:Release"defines { "NDEBUG" }optimize "On"
- 执行构建命令如下:
# premake5 --file=MyProjectScript.lua vs2013
premake5 vs2017
结果如下:
用vs2017打开上面生成的工程文件:
4.2 测试2:入门例子2
- premake5.lua
workspace "XiaMuTest002" -- 解决方案startproject "Test" -- 开始项目configurations{"Debug","Release"}platforms{"Win32","Win64"}filter "platforms:Win32"system "Windows"architecture "x32"filter "platforms:Win64"system "Windows"architecture "x86_64"outputdir = "%{cfg.platform}/%{cfg.buildcfg}/%{prj.name}"
project "XiaMuTest002"kind "ConsoleApp"language "C++"files{"./**.cpp","*.c"}targetdir("../bin/" .. outputdir)objdir("../obj/" .. outputdir)
4.3 测试3:glfw例子
4.3.1 准备第三方库glfw
https://github.com/glfw/glfw/releases
下载完毕之后,解压到文件夹如下:
4.3.2 新建封装库项目ExampleDll
- ExampleDll.h
#ifndef EXAMPLE_DLL_HPP
#define EXAMPLE_DLL_HPP 1#include <string>
#include <memory>
struct GLFWwindow;namespace ExDLL
{ class _declspec(dllexport) Window{public:Window(int width, int height, const std::string& title);~Window();bool shouldClose() const noexcept;void pollEvents() const noexcept;void swapBuffers() const noexcept;std::pair<int, int> getWindowSize() const noexcept; private:GLFWwindow* wnd;};
}
#endif
- ExampleDll.cpp
#include "ExampleDll.h"
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>namespace ExDLL
{Window::Window(int width, int height, const std::string& title){glfwInit();wnd = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, title.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(wnd);}Window::~Window(){glfwDestroyWindow(wnd);glfwTerminate();}bool Window::shouldClose() const noexcept{return glfwWindowShouldClose(wnd) != 0;}void Window::pollEvents() const noexcept{glfwPollEvents();}void Window::swapBuffers() const noexcept{glfwSwapBuffers(wnd);}std::pair<int, int> Window::getWindowSize() const noexcept{std::pair<int, int> sz{};glfwGetWindowSize(wnd, &sz.first, &sz.second);return sz;}
}
4.3.3 新建测试项目ExampleTest
- main.cpp
#include <ExampleDll.h>#if defined _WIN32#include <Windows.h>#pragma comment(linker,"/subsystem:\"windows\" /entry:\"mainCRTStartup\"")
#endif
#include <gl/GL.h>//导入ExampleDll中的Window类
class _declspec(dllimport) ExDLL::Window;int main()
{ExDLL::Window window{ 1000, 600, "Hello World! 爱看书的小沐,2023" };while (!window.shouldClose()){// 事件更新window.pollEvents();// 绘图glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);glVertex2f(-0.5f, -0.5f);glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);glVertex2f(0.5f, -0.5f);glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);glVertex2f(0, 0.5f);glEnd();// 渲染更新window.swapBuffers();}return 0;
}
4.3.4 新建构建脚本
- premake5.lua
workspace "XiaoMuTest003"startproject "ExampleTest" -- 开始项目location "vs"language "C++"architecture "x64"configurations {"Debug","Release"}filter {"configurations:Debug"}symbols "On"filter {"configurations:Release"}optimize "On"-- 重置过滤器的其他设定filter {}targetdir ("build/target/%{prj.name}/%{cfg.longname}")objdir ("build/obj/%{prj.name}/%{cfg.longname}")postbuildcommands{("{COPY} %{cfg.buildtarget.relpath} \"../bin/\"")}-- 定义函数,包含glfw三方库头文件,可被其他工程调用
function includeGLFW()includedirs "../3rd/glfw-3.3.8.bin.WIN64/include"
end-- 定义函数,链接glfw三方库
function linkGLFW()libdirs "../3rd/glfw-3.3.8.bin.WIN64/lib-vc2017"links "glfw3dll"
end-- ExampleDll项目
project "ExampleDll"kind "SharedLib"files "src/ExampleDll/**"includeGLFW()linkGLFW()-- 定义函数,链接ExampleDll动态库
function useExampleDLL()includedirs "src/ExampleDll"links "ExampleDll"
end-- App应用程序
project "ExampleTest"kind "ConsoleApp"files "src/ExampleTest/**"useExampleDLL()filter "system:windows"links {"OpenGL32"}
4.3.5 执行构建命令
最后构建的文件夹和里面存放的文件组织如下:
premake5 vs2017
vs2017打开生成的工程文件如下:
编译和运行后:
结语
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