aws(学习笔记第十六课) 使用负载均衡器(ELB)解耦webserver以及输出ELB的日志到S3

aws(学习笔记第十六课)

使用负载均衡器(ELB)以及输出ELB的日志到S3

学习内容：

使用负载均衡器(ELB)解耦web server
输出ELB的日志到S3

1. 使用负载均衡器(`ELB`)

全体架构
使用ELB(Elastic Load Balancer)能够解耦外部internet访问和web server之间的耦合，让外部internet访问只能认识ELB，只知道是ELB为它服务，但是具体的web server对于外部来说却是不意识的。

在这里插入图片描述
2. 代码解析

全体代码

{"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09","Description": "AWS in Action: chapter 12 (Load Balancer)","Parameters": {"KeyName": {"Description": "Key Pair name","Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName","Default": "my-cli-key"},"NumberOfServers": {"Description": "Number of servers","Type": "Number","Default": "2","MinValue": "2","MaxValue": "4"}},"Mappings": {"EC2RegionMap": {"ap-northeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-cbf90ecb"},"ap-southeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-68d8e93a"},"ap-southeast-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-fd9cecc7"},"eu-central-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a8221fb5"},"eu-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a10897d6"},"sa-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-b52890a8"},"us-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-1ecae776"},"us-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-d114f295"},"us-west-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-e7527ed7"}}},"Resources": {"VPC": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC","Properties": {"CidrBlock": "172.31.0.0/16","EnableDnsHostnames": "true"}},"InternetGateway": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway","Properties": {}},"VPCGatewayAttachment": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"InternetGatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}}},"Subnet": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet","Properties": {"AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},"CidrBlock": "172.31.38.0/24","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"RouteTable": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"RouteTableAssociation": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "Subnet"},"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"}}},"RoutePublicNATToInternet": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::Route","Properties": {"RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},"DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0","GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"NetworkAcl": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl","Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"}}},"SubnetNetworkAclAssociation": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetNetworkAclAssociation","Properties": {"SubnetId": {"Ref": "Subnet"},"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"}}},"NetworkAclEntryIngress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "false","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},"NetworkAclEntryEgress": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry","Properties": {"NetworkAclId": {"Ref": "NetworkAcl"},"RuleNumber": "100","Protocol": "-1","RuleAction": "allow","Egress": "true","CidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0"}},"LoadBalancerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "elb-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 80}]}},"LoadBalancer": {"Type": "AWS::ElasticLoadBalancing::LoadBalancer","Properties": {"Subnets": [{"Ref": "Subnet"}],"LoadBalancerName": "elb","Listeners": [{"InstancePort": "80","InstanceProtocol": "HTTP","LoadBalancerPort": "80","Protocol": "HTTP"}],"HealthCheck": {"HealthyThreshold": "3","Interval": "10","Target": "HTTP:80/index.html","Timeout": "5","UnhealthyThreshold": "2"},"SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"}],"Scheme": "internet-facing"},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},"WebServerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 22,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 22}, {"FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"},"ToPort": 80}]}},"LaunchTemplate": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate","Metadata": {"AWS::CloudFormation::Init": {"config": {"packages": {"yum": {"httpd": []}},"files": {"/tmp/config": {"content": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["#!/bin/bash -ex\n","PRIVATE_IP=`curl -s http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4`\n","echo \"<html><head><title>$PRIVATE_IP</title></head><body><h1>$PRIVATE_IP</h1></body></html>\" > index.html\n"]]},"mode": "000500","owner": "root","group": "root"}},"commands": {"01_config": {"command": "/tmp/config","cwd": "/var/www/html"}},"services": {"sysvinit": {"httpd": {"enabled": "true","ensureRunning": "true"}}}}}},"Properties": {"LaunchTemplateData":{"EbsOptimized": false,"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},"InstanceType": "t2.micro","NetworkInterfaces":[{"DeviceIndex":0,"AssociatePublicIpAddress":true,"Groups":[{"Ref": "WebServerSecurityGroup"}],"DeleteOnTermination":true}],"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},"UserData": {"Fn::Base64": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["#!/bin/bash -ex\n","yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n","/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource LaunchTemplate --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n","/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? --stack ", {"Ref": "AWS::StackName"}, " --resource AutoScalingGroup --region ", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "\n"]]}}}}},"AutoScalingGroup": {"Type": "AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup","Properties": {"LoadBalancerNames": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancer"}],"LaunchTemplate" : {"LaunchTemplateId" : {"Ref" : "LaunchTemplate"},"Version" : {"Fn::GetAtt" : ["LaunchTemplate","LatestVersionNumber"]}},"MinSize": {"Ref": "NumberOfServers"},"MaxSize": {"Ref": "NumberOfServers"},"DesiredCapacity": {"Ref": "NumberOfServers"},"VPCZoneIdentifier": [{"Ref": "Subnet"}]},"CreationPolicy": {"ResourceSignal": {"Timeout": "PT10M"}},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"}},"Outputs": {"URL": {"Value": {"Fn::Join": ["", ["http://", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["LoadBalancer", "DNSName"]}]]},"Description": "Load Balancer URL"}}
}

主要代码分析

WebServerSecurityGroup中的SourceSecurityGroupId
这里，WebServerSecurityGroup的SourceSecurityGroupId为LoadBalancerSecurityGroup，表明只有LoadBalancerSecurityGroup所在的主机，也就是LoadBalancer才能对web server访问80端口。

"WebServerSecurityGroup": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup","Properties": {"GroupDescription": "awsinaction-sg","VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},"SecurityGroupIngress": [{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0","FromPort": 22,"IpProtocol": "tcp","ToPort": 22}, {"FromPort": 80,"IpProtocol": "tcp","SourceSecurityGroupId": {"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"},"ToPort": 80}]}},

LoadBalancer加入HealthCheck
这里，LoadBalancer里面，加入了对web server的HealthCheck，当web server的index.hmlt在80端口能够访问之后，才能够开始转送到web server

		"LoadBalancer": {"Type": "AWS::ElasticLoadBalancing::LoadBalancer","Properties": {"Subnets": [{"Ref": "Subnet"}],"LoadBalancerName": "elb","Listeners": [{"InstancePort": "80","InstanceProtocol": "HTTP","LoadBalancerPort": "80","Protocol": "HTTP"}],"HealthCheck": {"HealthyThreshold": "3","Interval": "10","Target": "HTTP:80/index.html","Timeout": "5","UnhealthyThreshold": "2"},"SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"}],"Scheme": "internet-facing"},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},

2. 输出`ELB`的日志到`S3`

首先设置S3 存储桶策略，允许ELB写入log到S3

policy.json策略文件
事先作成elb-log-20241208的S3 bucket，之后写出policy文件允许logdelivery.elasticloadbalancing.amazonaws.com这个service能够putObject给S3 bucket。
```
{"Id": "Policy1429136655940","Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Sid": "Stmt1429136633762","Action": ["s3:PutObject"],"Effect": "Allow","Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::elb-log-20241208/*","Principal": {"AWS": ["127311923021", "027434742980", "797873946194","156460612806", "054676820928", "582318560864","114774131450", "783225319266", "507241528517"]}}]
}
```
这里，127311923021，027434742980像是一些magic code，这到底是什么呢？可以参照enable-access-logging.html，它们是所在地区的 Elastic Load Balancing 的 ID： AWS 账户。

设置policy.json策略文件给S3的bucket

aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket elb-log-20241208 --policy file://policy/elb-log-policy.json

配置cloudformation让ELB输入log到S3 bucket
AccessLoggingPolicy这里就是设置描述log输出的设置。

		"LoadBalancer": {"Type": "AWS::ElasticLoadBalancing::LoadBalancer","Properties": {"Subnets": [{"Ref": "Subnet"}],"LoadBalancerName": "elb","Listeners": [{"InstancePort": "80","InstanceProtocol": "HTTP","LoadBalancerPort": "80","Protocol": "HTTP"}],"HealthCheck": {"HealthyThreshold": "3","Interval": "10","Target": "HTTP:80/index.html","Timeout": "5","UnhealthyThreshold": "2"},"AccessLoggingPolicy":{"ENabled": true,"S3BucketName":"elb-log-20241208","S3BucketPrefix":"my-application/production"}"SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "LoadBalancerSecurityGroup"}],"Scheme": "internet-facing"},"DependsOn": "VPCGatewayAttachment"},