【挑战开发100个项目 | 1. C语言学生管理系统】

本项目是一个简易的学生信息管理系统，用户可以通过命令行界面完成学生信息的增加、删除、修改、查询、排序和列表展示等功能。数据以txt文件形式存储，实现了数据持久化。项目采用模块化设计，具有较好的可读性和扩展性。适用于初学者学习c语言，也适用于高校学生课程设计，毕业设计参考。

一，开发环境需求

操作系统 ：windows, linux
开发环境工具 ：qt ，vscode, visual studio
技术要求：
- 语言: C
- 数据结构: 链表
- 文件操作: 文件读写操作

二，功能说明

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三，功能实现

录入学生信息

void addStudent(StudentList *list) {Student newStudent;printf("请输入学生信息：\n");printf("学号: ");scanf("%d", &(newStudent.id));while(getchar() != '\n');printf("姓名: ");fgets(newStudent.name, sizeof(newStudent.name), stdin);newStudent.name[strlen(newStudent.name)-1] = '\0'; // remove the newlineprintf("年龄: ");scanf("%d", &(newStudent.age));while(getchar() != '\n');printf("性别: ");fgets(newStudent.gender, sizeof(newStudent.gender), stdin);newStudent.gender[strlen(newStudent.gender)-1] = '\0';printf("专业: ");fgets(newStudent.major, sizeof(newStudent.major), stdin);newStudent.major[strlen(newStudent.major)-1] = '\0';printf("班级: ");fgets(newStudent.class_name, sizeof(newStudent.class_name), stdin);newStudent.class_name[strlen(newStudent.class_name)-1] = '\0';printf("成绩: ");scanf("%f", &(newStudent.score));// add the new student to the listStudentNode *newNode = (StudentNode*)malloc(sizeof(StudentNode));newNode->data = newStudent;newNode->next = list->head;list->head = newNode;list->count++;printf("学生信息已添加成功!\n");
}

此函数用于添加学生信息。

删除学生信息

void deleteStudent(StudentList *list) {int id;printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号: ");scanf("%d", &id);StudentNode *current = list->head;StudentNode *previous = NULL;while (current != NULL) {if (current->data.id == id) {if (previous == NULL) {list->head = current->next;} else {previous->next = current->next;}free(current);list->count--;printf("学生信息已删除。\n");return;}previous = current;current = current->next;}printf("未找到该学生的信息。\n");
}

此函数用于删除指定学生信息。

3.s 修改学生信息

void modifyStudent(StudentList *list) {int id;printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号: ");scanf("%d", &id);StudentNode *current = list->head;while (current != NULL) {if (current->data.id == id) {printf("请输入新的学生信息：\n");printf("姓名: ");while(getchar() != '\n'); // clear bufferfgets(current->data.name, sizeof(current->data.name), stdin);current->data.name[strlen(current->data.name)-1] = '\0'; // remove newlineprintf("年龄: ");scanf("%d", &(current->data.age));printf("性别: ");while(getchar() != '\n');fgets(current->data.gender, sizeof(current->data.gender), stdin);current->data.gender[strlen(current->data.gender)-1] = '\0';printf("专业: ");while(getchar() != '\n');fgets(current->data.major, sizeof(current->data.major), stdin);current->data.major[strlen(current->data.major)-1] = '\0';printf("班级: ");while(getchar() != '\n');fgets(current->data.class_name, sizeof(current->data.class_name), stdin);current->data.class_name[strlen(current->data.class_name)-1] = '\0';printf("成绩: ");scanf("%f", &(current->data.score));printf("学生信息已修改。\n");return;}current = current->next;}printf("未找到该学生的信息。\n");
}

此函数用于修改指定学生信息。

查询学生信息

void queryStudent(const StudentList *list) {int id;printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号: ");scanf("%d", &id);StudentNode *current = list->head;while (current != NULL) {if (current->data.id == id) {printf("学号: %d\n", current->data.id);printf("姓名: %s\n", current->data.name);printf("年龄: %d\n", current->data.age);printf("性别: %s\n", current->data.gender);printf("专业: %s\n", current->data.major);printf("班级: %s\n", current->data.class_name);printf("成绩: %.2f\n", current->data.score);return;}current = current->next;}printf("未找到该学生的信息。\n");
}

此函数用于查询指定学生信息。

对学生信息排序

// 排序学生信息（这里以学号为例，升序排列）
void sortStudents(StudentList *list) {// 使用冒泡排序算法if (list->count < 2) return;StudentNode *i, *j;for (i = list->head; i->next != NULL; i = i->next) {for (j = list->head; j->next != NULL; j = j->next) {if (j->data.id > j->next->data.id) {// 交换数据Student temp = j->data;j->data = j->next->data;j->next->data = temp;}}}printf("学生信息已排序。\n");
}

此函数用于对学生信息进行排序。

列出所有学生信息

void displayAllStudents(const StudentList *list) {if (!list->head) {printf("没有学生信息可供显示。\n");return;}printf("学号   姓名       年龄 性别 专业                  班级       成绩\n");printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");StudentNode *current = list->head;while (current != NULL) {printf("%-6d %-10s %-4d %-4s %-20s %-10s %.2f\n",current->data.id, current->data.name, current->data.age,current->data.gender, current->data.major, current->data.class_name,current->data.score);current = current->next;}printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}