Android分区管理工具sgdisk使用

#有时df -h查看分区信息无法满足需求#

借助Android系统自带的sgdisk可以查看详细的分区信息，类似fdisk命令，sgdisk同样可以创建分区，功能也很强大。

一、sgdisk帮助信息

127|console:/ # sgdisk
USAGE: sgdisk  [OPTION...] <device>--attributes    operate on partition attributes--set-alignment set sector alignment--backup        backup GPT to file--change-name   change partition's name--recompute-chs recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR--delete        delete a partition--display-alignment     show number of sectors per allocation block--move-second-header    move second header to end of disk--end-of-largest        show end of largest free block--first-in-largest      show start of the largest free block--first-aligned-in-largest      show start of the largest free block, aligned--mbrtogpt      convert MBR to GPT--randomize-guids       randomize disk and partition GUIDs--hybrid        create hybrid MBR--info  show detailed information on partition--move-main-table       adjust the location of the main partition table--load-backup   load GPT backup from file--list-types    list known partition types--gpttombr      convert GPT to MBR--new   create new partition--largest-new   create largest possible new partition--clear clear partition table--print-mbr     print MBR partition table--print print partition table--pretend       make changes in memory, but don't write them--transpose     transpose two partitions--replicate     replicate partition table--sort  sort partition table entries--resize-table  resize partition table--typecode      change partition type code--transform-bsd transform BSD disklabel partition to GPT--partition-guid        set partition GUID--disk-guid     set disk GUID--verify        check partition table integrity--version       display version information--zap   zap (destroy) GPT (but not MBR) data structures--zap-all       zap (destroy) GPT and MBR data structures

二、查看磁盘分区详情

sgdisk --print /dev/block/sdaconsole:/ # sgdisk --print /dev/block/sda
Disk /dev/block/sda: 16777216 sectors, 64.0 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 54054CFA-8B64-425D-A63F-B6B6F795C66E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 5
First usable sector is 6, last usable sector is 16777210
Partitions will be aligned on 256-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1780981 sectors (6.8 GiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1             256             511   1024.0 KiB  8300  misc2             512           16895   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_a3           16896           33279   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_b4           33280           33535   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_a5           33536           33791   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_b6           33792           37887   16.0 MiB    8300  metadata7           37888         6067199   23.0 GiB    8300  super8         6067200         6591487   2.0 GiB     8300  kdump9         6591488         6607871   64.0 MiB    8300  persist10         6607872        14996479   32.0 GiB    8300  userdata

使用这个指令可以很方便查看RAW分区的大小，以及起始和终止簇。新的版本df -h无法查看super分区大小，也需要使用sgdisk来查看。

通过上面信息可以看到sda大小为64GB，还剩余6.8GB空间未划分。

系统df -h信息如下：

console:/ # df -h
Filesystem       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs            3.9G  856K  3.9G   1% /dev
tmpfs            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /mnt
/dev/block/sda6   11M  104K   11M   1% /metadata
/dev/block/dm-0  5.9G  3.6G  2.2G  63% /
/dev/block/dm-5  8.2G  444M  7.7G   6% /mnt/scratch
overlay          8.2G  444M  7.7G   6% /vendor
overlay          8.2G  444M  7.7G   6% /product
overlay          8.2G  444M  7.7G   6% /system_ext
overlay          8.2G  444M  7.7G   6% /odm
tmpfs            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /apex
tmpfs            3.9G  264K  3.9G   1% /linkerconfig
/dev/block/sda9   58M   24K   58M   1% /persist
/dev/block/sda10  32G  1.6G   30G   6% /data
tmpfs            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /data_mirror
/dev/block/sda8  1.9G   24K  1.9G   1% /data/vendor/kdump
/dev/fuse         32G  1.6G   30G   6% /mnt/user/0/emulated
/dev/fuse         32G  1.6G   30G   6% /mnt/user/10/emulated

三、分区操作实操

（1）查看可以开始使用的第一个簇

console:/ # sgdisk --first-in-largest /dev/block/sda
14996480

通过上面的分区详情也可以看到userdata最后一个簇是14996479，接下来可以使用的簇就是14996480，与上面指令得到的一致。

做地址对齐后的第一个可用簇：

console:/ # sgdisk --first-aligned-in-largest /dev/block/sda
14996480

(2)查看可以使用的最后一个簇

console:/ # sgdisk --end-of-largest /dev/block/sda
16777210

如果希望将剩余所有空间都划分出去，可以使用此指令查看最后一个簇。

（3）新建一个test分区

console:/ # sgdisk --new 11:0:0 /dev/block/sda
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.
console:/ # sgdisk --print /dev/block/sda
Disk /dev/block/sda: 16777216 sectors, 64.0 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 54054CFA-8B64-425D-A63F-B6B6F795C66E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 5
First usable sector is 6, last usable sector is 16777210
Partitions will be aligned on 256-sector boundaries
Total free space is 250 sectors (1000.0 KiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1             256             511   1024.0 KiB  8300  misc2             512           16895   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_a3           16896           33279   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_b4           33280           33535   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_a5           33536           33791   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_b6           33792           37887   16.0 MiB    8300  metadata7           37888         6067199   23.0 GiB    8300  super8         6067200         6591487   2.0 GiB     8300  kdump9         6591488         6607871   64.0 MiB    8300  persist10         6607872        14996479   32.0 GiB    8300  userdata11        14996480        16777210   6.8 GiB     8300

sgdisk --new 11:0:0 /dev/block/sda
11代表分区序号，即sda11,中间的0代表起始簇为第一个可用地址，最后的0代表结束簇为最后一个可用地址。两个都为0即把剩余空间全部划分给新分区。

修改分区名字：

console:/ # sgdisk --change-name 11:"test" /dev/block/sda
Setting name!
partNum is 10
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.
console:/ # sgdisk --print /dev/block/sda
Disk /dev/block/sda: 16777216 sectors, 64.0 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 54054CFA-8B64-425D-A63F-B6B6F795C66E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 5
First usable sector is 6, last usable sector is 16777210
Partitions will be aligned on 256-sector boundaries
Total free space is 250 sectors (1000.0 KiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1             256             511   1024.0 KiB  8300  misc2             512           16895   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_a3           16896           33279   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_b4           33280           33535   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_a5           33536           33791   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_b6           33792           37887   16.0 MiB    8300  metadata7           37888         6067199   23.0 GiB    8300  super8         6067200         6591487   2.0 GiB     8300  kdump9         6591488         6607871   64.0 MiB    8300  persist10         6607872        14996479   32.0 GiB    8300  userdata11        14996480        16777210   6.8 GiB     8300  test

注意：重启生效

（4）新建一个指定大小的分区

新建一个2G大小分区

console:/ # sgdisk --new 11:14996480:+2G /dev/block/sda
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.
console:/ # sgdisk --print /dev/block/sda
Disk /dev/block/sda: 16777216 sectors, 64.0 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 54054CFA-8B64-425D-A63F-B6B6F795C66E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 5
First usable sector is 6, last usable sector is 16777210
Partitions will be aligned on 256-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1256693 sectors (4.8 GiB)Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name1             256             511   1024.0 KiB  8300  misc2             512           16895   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_a3           16896           33279   64.0 MiB    8300  boot_b4           33280           33535   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_a5           33536           33791   1024.0 KiB  8300  dtb_b6           33792           37887   16.0 MiB    8300  metadata7           37888         6067199   23.0 GiB    8300  super8         6067200         6591487   2.0 GiB     8300  kdump9         6591488         6607871   64.0 MiB    8300  persist10         6607872        14996479   32.0 GiB    8300  userdata11        14996480        15520767   2.0 GiB     8300

（5）查看分区详情

console:/ # sgdisk --info 11 /dev/block/sda
Partition GUID code: 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4 (Linux filesystem)
Partition unique GUID: AEA8DD0F-C48F-4177-BD08-C29F28910AD8
First sector: 14996480 (at 57.2 GiB)
Last sector: 15520767 (at 59.2 GiB)
Partition size: 524288 sectors (2.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name: ''

（6）删除一个分区

console:/ # sgdisk --delete 11 /dev/block/sda
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.

11代表/dev/block/sda11这个分区，需要重启才能生效

四、结语

以上就是常用的分区操作，还有一些其他的操作可以根据help信息自行尝试。

说明：Android自带的sgdisk help信息不友好，看了后不清楚参数应该如何添加。Android的sgdisk是从linux移植而来，使用方法和Ubuntu上的sgdisk基本一样，可以参考Ubuntu的help信息。

也可以参考https://www.cnblogs.com/mountain2011/p/9622001.html

Ubuntu sgdisk使用帮助

# sgdisk --help
Usage: sgdisk  [OPTION...] <device>-A, --attributes=list|[partnum:show|or|nand|xor|=|set|clear|toggle|get[:bitnum|hexbitmask]]     operate on partition attributes-a, --set-alignment=value                                                                       set sector alignment-b, --backup=file                                                                               backup GPT to file-c, --change-name=partnum:name                                                                  change partition's name-C, --recompute-chs                                                                             recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR-d, --delete=partnum                                                                            delete a partition-D, --display-alignment                                                                         show number of sectors per allocation block-e, --move-second-header                                                                        move second header to end of disk-E, --end-of-largest                                                                            show end of largest free block-f, --first-in-largest                                                                          show start of the largest free block-F, --first-aligned-in-largest                                                                  show start of the largest free block, aligned-g, --mbrtogpt                                                                                  convert MBR to GPT-G, --randomize-guids                                                                           randomize disk and partition GUIDs-h, --hybrid=partnum[:partnum...][:EE]                                                          create hybrid MBR-i, --info=partnum                                                                              show detailed information on partition-j, --move-main-table=sector                                                                    adjust the location of the main partition table-l, --load-backup=file                                                                          load GPT backup from file-L, --list-types                                                                                list known partition types-m, --gpttombr=partnum[:partnum...]                                                             convert GPT to MBR-n, --new=partnum:start:end                                                                     create new partition-N, --largest-new=partnum                                                                       create largest possible new partition-o, --clear                                                                                     clear partition table-O, --print-mbr                                                                                 print MBR partition table-p, --print                                                                                     print partition table-P, --pretend                                                                                   make changes in memory, but don't write them-r, --transpose=partnum:partnum                                                                 transpose two partitions-R, --replicate=device_filename                                                                 replicate partition table-s, --sort                                                                                      sort partition table entries-S, --resize-table=numparts                                                                     resize partition table-t, --typecode=partnum:{hexcode|GUID}                                                           change partition type code-T, --transform-bsd=partnum                                                                     transform BSD disklabel partition to GPT-u, --partition-guid=partnum:guid                                                               set partition GUID-U, --disk-guid=guid                                                                            set disk GUID-v, --verify                                                                                    check partition table integrity-V, --version                                                                                   display version information-z, --zap                                                                                       zap (destroy) GPT (but not MBR) data structures-Z, --zap-all                                                                                   zap (destroy) GPT and MBR data structuresHelp options:-?, --help                                                                                      Show this help message--usage                                                                                     Display brief usage message