斯坦福大学提出建议，指导学生如何给教授或者教职员发送电子邮件，这些建议对于访问学者、博士后及联合培养博士也很适用，故知识人网小编用双语对照的形式进行节选转发。

Whether you're writing a professor to ask for an extension or to look for a research opportunity, your emails to faculty members should be clear, polite, and to the point. Below are some guidelines for how to make a good impression over email.

无论是向教授请求延期还是寻找研究机会，你给教职员发送的电子邮件应该清晰、礼貌、且简洁明了。以下是帮助你在电子邮件中给人留下良好印象的指南。

Email Etiquette

电子邮件礼仪

1. Keep your email professional

保持邮件的专业性

If you're emailing a professor for the first time, it's better to err on the side of being too formal rather than too casual. Follow these rules of basic email etiquette:

如果你是第一次给教授发电子邮件，宁可正式些也不要太随意。遵循以下基本电子邮件礼仪规则：

• Address your recipient by title and last name (Dear Professor Interesting)

以头衔和姓氏称呼收件人（尊敬的教授Interesting）

• Use full sentences and proper grammar, avoiding slang and emojis

使用完整的句子和正确的语法，避免使用俚语和表情符号

• Keep the tone of your email courteous

保持礼貌的语气

• End with a concluding phrase and your name (Sincerely, Juan Pupil)

以结束语和你的姓名结尾（诚挚地，Juan Pupil）

• Give a useful subject line (Research on X)

给出一个有用的主题(关于X的研究)

2.  Stay brief and to the point

简明扼要

Long emails often get ignored until the recipient has time to deal with them, and faculty are extremely busy. Your email should focus on a specific item, such as setting up a time to meet or informing your professor of an upcoming absence. If you need to talk about something more involved, it is probably better to meet in person unless your professor tells you otherwise.

长篇电子邮件经常被忽视，要等到收件人有时间处理它们，而教职员非常忙碌。你的电子邮件应专注于特定事项，例如安排会面时间或通知教授即将缺席。如果你需要讨论更复杂的问题，除非教授告诉你可以通过电子邮件解决，否则最好当面交流。

3.       Reply in a timely fashion

及时回复

Your professors appreciate a prompt reply just as much as you do. If a faculty member asks you for something that will take some time (for example, a report on your progress in the lab), reply quickly to confirm that you’re working on the task and provide a timeline for completion.

你的教授和你一样喜欢及时回复。如果有教师向你询问一些需要花费一些时间的事情（例如，关于你在实验室中的进度的报告），请迅速回复以确认你正在处理该任务并提供完成时间表。

Emailing to Ask for Extensions, Exceptions, and Allowances

通过电子邮件请求延期、例外和许可

Maybe you've been sick and have been missing class, or maybe you're dealing with an unexpected emergency. Whatever your circumstances, it's best to inform your instructors of your situation as soon as you can and ask if they can make allowances for you in accordance with their class and departmental policies.

也许你生病了，缺课了，或者你正在处理一个意想不到的紧急情况。无论你的情况如何，最好尽快将你的情况告知你的老师，并询问他们是否可以根据他们的班级和部门政策为你提供补偿。

Emailing a Potential Mentor for the First Time

首次给潜在导师发电子邮件

When you reach out to a new professor that you want to connect with, your goal should be to set up a time to meet and talk in person. Keep your email short and to the point. For example:

当你联系你想要建立联系的新教授时，你的目标应该是安排时间当面交谈。你的电子邮件应简短明了。

If the professor doesn’t respond, don’t lose hope! The professor might be particularly busy that week, or out of town, or simply missed your message in a flood of other emails. Try to reach out again. You can send a follow up email, or you can stop by in person during the professor’s office hours to introduce yourself and ask if you can set up a time to meet later.

如果教授没有回复，不要失去希望！教授可能在那周特别忙，或者出差，或者只是在大量其他电子邮件中错过了你的信息。尝试再次联系。你可以发送后续电子邮件，也可以在教授的办公时间亲自过来介绍自己，并询问是否可以安排时间稍后见面。

Emailing With your Faculty Mentor

给你的导师发邮件

As you develop relationships with particular professors, pay close attention to their communication styles. Especially if you are working with faculty on tangible outcomes (for example, an honors thesis or poster presentation), it’s a good idea to explicitly discuss communication preferences.

当你与特定教授建立关系时，请密切注意他们的沟通方式。特别是如果你正在与教师合作取得切实的成果（例如，荣誉论文或海报展示），明确讨论沟通偏好是一个好主意。

Here are some questions you might consider when thinking about a professor’s communication style:

以下是你在考虑教授沟通方式时可能会考虑以下一些问题:

• Does this professor respond to emails quickly or is it better to call or stop by office hours for quick responses?

这位教授回复电子邮件的速度快吗？还是在办公时间打电话或停下来快速回复更好？

• How formal is the professor in written communication?

教授在书面交流中正式程度如何？

• What sorts of questions or topics can be resolved by email and which require meeting in person?

哪些问题或主题可以通过电子邮件解决，哪些需要当面交流？

• Are there situations where a phone or video meeting might be preferable?

在某些情况下，电话会议或视频会议是否更可取？

Regardless of your mentor’s style, it will benefit you to be the active, responsible party in organizing one-on-one communication. Reach out, respond promptly, and remember to keep your emails short, specific, and courteous.

无论你的导师的沟通风格如何，在组织一对一交流时积极主动、负责地的沟通将有益于你。主动联系，及时回复，并记住你的电子邮件要简短、具体和礼貌。

No Response?

没有回应？

If you haven't heard back from your faculty member in about a week, it is reasonable to reach out one more time. If you still get no response, you might check with the relevant department's Student Services Officer about the best way to get in touch with that faculty member.

如果你在大约一周内没有收到教师的回复，可以再联系一次。如果仍然没有回应，你可以向相关部门的学生服务官员咨询与该教师联系的最佳方式。

原文来源：https://advising.stanford.edu/current-students/advising-student-handbook/email-faculty