系统灾备环境搭建,使用OGG同步数据,包括：nfs共享磁盘、acfs新增卷组、ogg目录创建、ogg安装、ogg搭建、数据导出、导入等。
一、工作内容
1.使用NFS共享一块存储，用于生产环境与灾备环境之间，数据泵导出的dump文件存放;
#生产环境新建OGG软件,灾备环境新增OGG软件,用于数据同步,OGG软件使用Oracle GoldenGate 11.2.1.0.3 for Linux x86-64版本;
2.OGG源端,ARCH ASM磁盘组添加2块ASM存储1T空间,使用Oracle acfs逻辑卷方式创建卷组,创建新的挂载点用于挂载ogg目录,及存储Ogg trail文件;
#OGG目标端,存在/ogg 500G目录空间
二、NFS存储配置
1、备用系统数据库操作：
（1）查看新分配的磁盘
upadmin show vlun
（2）新建nfs并赋权挂载点并挂载
mkdir /nfs
chmod 777 /nfs
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdp /nfs
（3）启动nfs相关服务
service rpcbind start
service nfs start
2、生产环境数据库操作：
（1）新建目录并挂载
mkdir /nfs
mount -t nfs -o port=12049 192.168.216.16:/nfs /nfs
以上即可，如果仍然有问题，可尝试使用下面参数
mount -t nfs -o port=12049 rw,bg,hard,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,vers=3,nointr,timeo=600,tcp 192.168.216.1:/nfs /nfs
（2）如有问题，可umount
umount -lf /nfs
（3）生产环境创建directory目录，用户导出数据
cd /nfs
mkdir dump
sqlplus / as sysdba
create directory bydump as '/nfs/dump';
grant read,write on directory bydump to public;
（4）应急环境创建directory目录，用户导入数据
备用环境数据库操作：
mkdir /nfs/dump
create directory bydump as '/nfs/dump';
grant read,write on directory bydump to public;
三、使用oracle acfs技术创建卷组并挂载
1、操作前查询
# oracleasm listdisks
查看asm磁盘
SQL>select group_number,name,TOTAL_MB, FREE_MB from v$asm_diskgroup;
2、添加磁盘
（1）节点1对磁盘进行分区
# fdisk /dev/sdd
n
p
1
default
default
w
（2）创建ASM磁盘
# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk arch2 /dev/sdd1
# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
（3）另一个节点同步磁盘信息
#ll /dev/sd*
#partprobe sd*
（4）另一个节点磁盘确认
#/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
#/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
（5）检查磁盘组的情况
SQL>alter diskgroup arch check norepair;
--添加ARCH磁盘之前,进行检测,观察ASM ALERT日志no errors!
SUCCESS: check of diskgroup ARCH found no errors
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup arch check norepair
----
（6）arch磁盘组新增磁盘
$sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL>
alter diskgroup ARCH add disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCH2' rebalance power 0;
alter diskgroup ARCH add disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCH2' rebalance power 0;
alter diskgroup ARCH rebalance power 11;
（7）查询验证
ASMCMD> lsdg
检查确认
查询asm_alert日志；
查询db_alert日志；
SQL> select group_number,disk_number,library,name,path from v$asm_disk where PATH like '/dev/oracleasm/disks/arch%' order by PATH desc;
SQL> select group_number,name,total_mb/1024 TOTAL_GB,free_mb/1024 FREE_GB,free_mb/total_mb*100 free_percent,state,TYPE from v$ASM_DISKGROUP;
（8）创建acfs卷组
[grid@nfgw2 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v ora.registry.acfs
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE nfgw1
ASMCMD> volcreate -G ARCH -s 500g v01
SQL> select VOLUME_NAME,SIZE_MB,REDUNDANCY,STATE,VOLUME_DEVICE from v$asm_volume;
ASMCMD> volinfo -G ARCH v01
Diskgroup Name: ARCH
Volume Name: V01
Volume Device: /dev/asm/v01-317
State: ENABLED
Size ('MB): 2048
Resize Unit ('MB): 32
Redundancy: UNPROT
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width ('K): 128
Usage:
Mountpath:
（9）格式化卷组
[root@nfgw2 ~]# mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/v01-317
（10）注册acfs并挂盘
[grid@nfgw1 /]$ acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/v01-317 /ogg
#mount -t acfs /dev/asm/v01-317 /ogg
四、查找存在主键的表和没有主键的表，分别建立ogg通道
1、查找存在主键的表
select a.owner,a.table_name from dba_constraints a where a.constraint_type='P' and a.status='ENABLED' AND (a.owner,a.table_name) in (
('OSGPCDB','T_XXX'),
('OSGSFA','TB_XXX'),
)
2、查找没有主键的表
create table t as
select owner,table_name from dba_tables where (owner,table_name) in (
('OSGPCDB','T_XXX'),
('OSGSFA','TB_XXX'),
);
select *
from t
where (t.owner, t.table_name) not in
(select a.owner, a.table_name
from dba_constraints a
where a.constraint_type = 'P'
and a.status = 'ENABLED'
AND (a.owner, a.table_name) in
(
('OSGPCDB','T_XXX'),
('OSGSFA','TB_XXX'),
)
);
drop table t purge;
五、ogg搭建准备
1、检查生产数据库情况
archive log list;
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min,FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
SUPPLEME FOR
-------- ---
YES YES
alter database add supplemental log data ;
SQL> show parameter enable_goldengate_replication
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
enable_goldengate_replication boolean TRUE
2、查看ogg需要用的用户和表空间
select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;
3、ogg用户赋权
USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
grant connect, resource,CREATE SESSION to ogg;
exec dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege('ogg');
exec dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege(grantee=>'ogg');
grant select any dictionary to ogg;
commit;
六、ogg静默安装
1、准备
cd /ogg/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome/Disk1/response/
cp oggcore.rsp oggcore-setup.rsp
vim oggcore-12c.rsp
修改这几项
INSTALL_OPTION=ORA12c
SOFTWARE_LOCATION=/u01/app/ogg
START_MANAGER=false
2、安装
mkdir /u01/app/ogg
chown -R oracle:dba /u01/app/ogg
chown -R oracle:dba /ogg
su - oracle
cd /ogg/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome/Disk1
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /ogg/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome/Disk1/response/oggcore-12c.rsp
3、创建目录
./ggsci
create subdirs
4、创建和配置管理进程
edit params mgr
PORT 27809
DYNAMICPORTLIST 27810-27910
--AUTOSTART ER *
--AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,REtrailES 5,WAITMINUTES 3
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3
LAGREPORTHOURS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45
SYSLOG ERROR, WARN
5、创建和配置抽取进程
ADD EXTRACT e_bypri1, TRANLOG,BEGIN now,threads 2 —RAC为节点数
ADD EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/bypri1/by, EXTRACT e_bypri1
edit params e_bypri1
EXTRACT e_bypri1
--setenv ('NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8)
USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
--USERIDALIAS pmsprod
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER
EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/bypri1/by
DISCARDFILE ./dirrpt/e_bypri1.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 4000
table OSGPC.HX_ELE_AREA;
6、创建和配置抽取进程2
--------------
ADD EXTRACT e_bynpri, TRANLOG,BEGIN now,threads 2 —RAC为节点数
ADD EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/bynpri/by, EXTRACT e_bynpri
EXTRACT e_bynpri
--setenv ('NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8)
USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
--USERIDALIAS pmsprod
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER
EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/bynpri/by
DISCARDFILE ./dirrpt/e_bynpri.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 4000
table OSGPC.HX_ELE_AREA;
7、创建和配置投递进程
edit params p_bypri1
extract p_bypri1
passthru
rmthost 192.168.216.1,mgrport 27809,compress
rmttrail ./dirdat/bypri1/by
table OSGPC.HX_ELE_AREA;
add extract p_bypri1,exttrailsource ./dirdat/bypri1/by
add rmttrail ./dirdat/bypri1/by,extract p_bypri1,megabytes 200
8、创建和配置投递进程2
edit params p_bynpri
extract p_bynpri
passthru
rmthost 192.168.216.1,mgrport 27809,compress
rmttrail ./dirdat/bynpri/by
table OSGPC.HX_ELE_AREA;
add extract p_bynpri,exttrailsource ./dirdat/bynpri/by
add rmttrail ./dirdat/bynpri/by,extract p_bynpri,megabytes 200
9、新增tradata
./ggsci
dblogin USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
add trandata OSGPC.HX_ELE_AREA
10、创建和配置复制进程
（1）新增全局checkpointtable表
edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE ogg.ggchktable
dblogin USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
add checkpointtable ogg.ggchktable
（2）复制进程参数
edit params r_bypri1
replicat r_bypri1
USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
discardfile ./dirrpt/r_bypri1.DSC,append,megabytes 1024
discardroolover at 02:30
reperror default,abend
report at 02:01
map SCOTT.*, target SCOTT.*;
(3)复制进程新增
add replicat r_bypri1,exttrail ./dirdat/bypri1/by,checkpointtable ogg.ggchktable
（4）复制2进程参数
edit params r_bynpri
replicat r_bynpri
USERID ogg,PASSWORD osgmc02
discardfile ./dirrpt/r_bynpri.DSC,append,megabytes 1024
discardroolover at 02:50
reperror default,abend
report at 02:11
map SCOTT.*, target SCOTT.*;
（5）复制2新增
add replicat r_bynpri,exttrail ./dirdat/bynpri/by,checkpointtable ogg.ggchktable
七、数据传输
1、表结构导出
create directory bynfgw as '/nfs/dump';
grant read,write on directory bynfgw to public;
expdp \'/as sysdba\' parfile=zfzx_meta.pra
vi zfzx_meta.pra
directory=bynfgw
dumpfile=zfzx_meta%U.dmp
parallel=8
logfile=zfzx_meta.log
exclude=db_link
CLUSTER=N
filesize=5G
CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY
COMPRESSION=ALL
tables=
2、导入表结构
create user OSGPC identfied by Qwert##741852 default tablespace xxx ;
grant connect,resource to osgpc;
create directory bynfgw as '/nfs/dump';
grant read,write on directory bynfgw to public;
impdp \'/as sysdba \' directory=bynfgw dumpfile=zfzx_meta%U.dmp
3、导出数据
SQL> select to_char(current_scn ) from v$database;
TO_CHAR('CURRENT_SCN)
----------------------------------------
19658145443
expdp \'/as sysdba\' parfile=zfzx_data.pra
vi zfzx_data.pra
directory=bynfgw
dumpfile=zfzx_data%U.dmp
parallel=16
logfile=zfzx_data.log
filesize=5G
FLASHBACK_SCN=19658145443
CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
CLUSTER=N
COMPRESSION=ALL
tables=
impdp \'/as sysdba \' directory=bynfgw dumpfile=zfzx_data%U.dmp table_exists_action=replace
4、启动复制进程
start replicat r_bypri1,aftercsn 19658145443
start replicat r_bynpri,aftercsn 19658145443
)
