一、概述
在json的读写中主要涉及两种数据类型，字符串和json文件，读取后的数据主要用于传参，由于json文件读取到的数据无法进行直接传参，参数化的数据格式一般为元组格式，所以文件类型的格式读取后还要再做数据类型转换。
二、代码封装详解
下面先创建一个json_tool.py文件：
import json
import osclass JsonTool:def __init__(self, file_path=None):self.file_path = file_pathdef read_from_file(self, file_path=None):"""从指定文件读取 JSON 数据。如果未指定文件路径，则使用初始化时提供的路径。"""path = file_path or self.file_pathif not path:raise ValueError("File path must be provided")try:with open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:json_data = json.load(file)# json数据格式转化为列表list_data = []for item in json_data:tmp = tuple(item.values())list_data.append(tmp)return list_dataexcept Exception as e:raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to read JSON from file: {e}")def read_from_string(self, json_string):"""从字符串读取 JSON 数据。"""try:data = json.loads(json_string)return dataexcept Exception as e:raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to read JSON from string: {e}")def write_to_file(self, data, file_path=None):"""将 JSON 数据写入指定文件。如果未指定文件路径，则使用初始化时提供的路径。"""path = file_path or self.file_pathif not path:raise ValueError("File path must be provided")try:with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:json.dump(data, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)except Exception as e:raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to write JSON to file: {e}")def delete_file(self, file_path=None):"""删除指定的 JSON 文件。如果未指定文件路径，则使用初始化时提供的路径。"""path = file_path or self.file_pathif not path:raise ValueError("File path must be provided")try:os.remove(path)except Exception as e:raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to delete file: {e}")# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":tool = JsonTool("example.json")# Writing data to filedata = {"name": "John", "age": 30}tool.write_to_file(data)print("Data written to file")# Reading data from filedata_from_file = tool.read_from_file()print("Data from file:", data_from_file)# Reading data from stringjson_string = '{"name": "Jane", "age": 25}'data_from_string = tool.read_from_string(json_string)print("Data from string:", data_from_string)# Deleting the filetool.delete_file()print("File deleted")
文件基础路径可以在项目根目录下创建配置文件config.py 全局变量一般使用大写
import osBASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)# print("__file__:", __file__)
print("BASE_DIR:", BASE_DIR)三、使用举例：
1.写入 JSON 数据到文件
tool = JsonTool("example.json")
data = {"name": "John", "age": 30}
tool.write_to_file(data)
print("Data written to file")
2. 从文件读取 JSON 数据
data_from_file = tool.read_from_file()
print("Data from file:", data_from_file)
3. 从字符串读取 JSON 数据
json_string = '{"name": "Jane", "age": 25}'
data_from_string = tool.read_from_string(json_string)
print("Data from string:", data_from_string)
4. 删除 JSON 文件
tool.delete_file()
print("File deleted")
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