【SpringBoot】生成二维码、在图片中嵌入二维码

背景

说明：本文章是介绍，在一张背景图片中嵌入生成的二维码和中文文字。

用处：比如活动分享二维码的时候，提供一张背景图，然后在背景图中嵌入二维码等。

注意：二维码和文字的位置需要你自行调整。

一、依赖引入

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.zxing/zxing-parent --><dependency><groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId><artifactId>zxing-parent</artifactId><version>3.5.0</version><type>pom</type></dependency>

二、创建工具类

生成工具类：ImageFileUtils

1、导入包

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import com.hvit.user.yst.request.CreateQrcodeRequest;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

2、生成二维码

    // 生成二维码图片// text：二维码内容// size: 二维码尺寸private static BufferedImage generateQRCode(String text, int size) {Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");try {QRCodeWriter writer = new QRCodeWriter();BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, size, size, hints);int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();BufferedImage qrImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);Graphics2D graphics = qrImage.createGraphics();graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);graphics.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) {for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) {if (bitMatrix.get(x, y)) {graphics.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);}}}// 渲染二维码Graphics2D graphics1 = qrImage.createGraphics();// 添加蓝色边框int borderSize = 10; // 边框大小Color myColor = new Color(0x19, 0x76, 0xFF); // 红色graphics1.setColor(myColor);graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, size, borderSize); // 上边框graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, borderSize, size); // 左边框graphics1.fillRect(size - borderSize, 0, borderSize, size); // 右边框graphics1.fillRect(0, size - borderSize, size, borderSize); // 下边框return qrImage;} catch (WriterException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}

说明：以上生成的二维码是带有蓝色边框的二维码！如图：

3、在背景图片上加入文字，并且居中支持\n换行

    // 在图片上添加图片private static void addImageToImage(BufferedImage baseImage, BufferedImage overlayImage, int x, int y) {Graphics2D g2d = baseImage.createGraphics();g2d.drawImage(overlayImage, x, y, null);g2d.dispose();}// 在图片上添加文本，支持手动换行，文本水平居中private static void addTextToImage(BufferedImage baseImage, String text, Font font, Color color, int maxWidth, int y) {Graphics2D g2d = baseImage.createGraphics();g2d.setFont(font);g2d.setColor(color);FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();int lineHeight = fm.getHeight();int currentY = y;String[] lines = text.split("\n");for (String line : lines) {int lineWidth = fm.stringWidth(line);int lineX = (maxWidth - lineWidth) / 2; // 居中g2d.drawString(line, lineX, currentY);currentY += lineHeight;}g2d.dispose();}

4、调用方法

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 1. 读取原始图片BufferedImage image = null;try {image = ImageIO.read(new File("C:\\Users\\caozhen\\Desktop\\图片素材\\1.png")); // 替换成您的图片路径} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if (image == null) {System.err.println("无法读取图片");return;}// 2. 在图片上添加透明的二维码String qrText = "https://qhdm.mzt.zj.gov.cn:9090/szmp/#/wait?code=b20267e5298948a2bca5de8d4a8081a4&type=dz&timeStrap=1694503662057"; // 替换成您的二维码文本int qrSize = 500; // 二维码尺寸BufferedImage qrCodeImage = generateQRCode(qrText, qrSize);int qrX = (image.getWidth() - qrSize) / 2;int qrY = 1050; // 设置二维码的垂直位置addImageToImage(image, qrCodeImage, qrX, qrY);// 3. 在图片上添加中文文本，支持手动换行String chineseText = "浙江省湖州市吴兴区妙西镇\n" +"妙山村下姚166号";Font font = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 70); // 替换成所需的字体和大小Color textColor = Color.BLACK; // 文本颜色int textX = 20; // 文本左侧的边距int textY = 800; // 设置文本的垂直位置int textWidth = image.getWidth() - 40; // 文本可用的宽度addTextToImage(image, chineseText, font, textColor, textWidth, textY);// 4. 保存带有二维码和文本的图片try {ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("C:\\Users\\caozhen\\Desktop\\图片素材\\output.png")); // 替换成保存的文件路径} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}

5、最终生成的图片成功

三、如何生成透明的二维码？

1、生成二维码

    // 生成透明的二维码图片private static BufferedImage generateQRCode(String text, int size) {Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0); // 无边距try {QRCodeWriter writer = new QRCodeWriter();BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, size, size, hints);int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();BufferedImage qrImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);// 这里就是生成透明二维码关键之处for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {qrImage.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? Color.BLACK.getRGB() : new Color(0, 0, 0, 0).getRGB());}}// 渲染二维码Graphics2D graphics1 = qrImage.createGraphics();// 添加蓝色边框int borderSize = 10; // 边框大小Color myColor = new Color(0x19, 0x76, 0xFF); // 红色graphics1.setColor(myColor);graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, size, borderSize); // 上边框graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, borderSize, size); // 左边框graphics1.fillRect(size - borderSize, 0, borderSize, size); // 右边框graphics1.fillRect(0, size - borderSize, size, borderSize); // 下边框return qrImage;} catch (WriterException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}

2、看看透明二维码结果

四、如何希望生成的是浏览器下载图片

1、代码调整

1.在方法入参的时候加上HttpServletResponse response// 保存带有二维码和文本的图片// 将图片发送到浏览器response.setContentType("image/png");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"output.png\"");OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, "png", os);os.close();

五、完整接口调用流程

1.controller层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/xxx/user/")
@Api(value = "生成二维码", description = "生成二维码")
public class QrcodeController {@RequestMapping(value = "/createAddressQrcode", method = RequestMethod.POST)public void createAddressQrcode(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {ImageFileUtils imageFileUtils = new ImageFileUtils();imageFileUtils.createImage(response);}}

2、工具类ImageFileUtils

public class ImageFileUtils {public void createImage(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {// 1. 读取原始图片BufferedImage image = null;try {//这里是读取网络图片URL url = new URL("https:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");image = ImageIO.read(url);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if (image == null) {return R.error("无法读取图片");}// 2. 在图片上添加透明的二维码String qrText = "https:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"; // 替换成您的二维码文本int qrSize = 500; // 二维码尺寸BufferedImage qrCodeImage = generateQRCode(qrText, qrSize);int qrX = (image.getWidth() - qrSize) / 2;int qrY = 1050; // 设置二维码的垂直位置addImageToImage(image, qrCodeImage, qrX, qrY);// 3. 在图片上添加中文文本，支持手动换行String chineseText = createQrcodeRequest.getAddress();Font font = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 90); // 替换成所需的字体和大小Color textColor = Color.BLACK; // 文本颜色int textX = 20; // 文本左侧的边距int textY = 800; // 设置文本的垂直位置int textWidth = image.getWidth() - 40; // 文本可用的宽度addTextToImage(image, chineseText, font, textColor, textWidth, textY);// 4. 保存带有二维码和文本的图片// 将图片发送到浏览器response.setContentType("image/png");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"output.png\"");OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, "png", os);os.close();}// 生成二维码图片private static BufferedImage generateQRCode(String text, int size) {Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");try {QRCodeWriter writer = new QRCodeWriter();BitMatrix bitMatrix = writer.encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, size, size, hints);int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();BufferedImage qrImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);Graphics2D graphics = qrImage.createGraphics();graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);graphics.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);for (int x = 0; x < size; x++) {for (int y = 0; y < size; y++) {if (bitMatrix.get(x, y)) {graphics.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);}}}// 渲染二维码Graphics2D graphics1 = qrImage.createGraphics();// 添加蓝色边框int borderSize = 10; // 边框大小Color myColor = new Color(0x19, 0x76, 0xFF); // 红色graphics1.setColor(myColor);graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, size, borderSize); // 上边框graphics1.fillRect(0, 0, borderSize, size); // 左边框graphics1.fillRect(size - borderSize, 0, borderSize, size); // 右边框graphics1.fillRect(0, size - borderSize, size, borderSize); // 下边框return qrImage;} catch (WriterException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;}}// 在图片上添加图片private static void addImageToImage(BufferedImage baseImage, BufferedImage overlayImage, int x, int y) {Graphics2D g2d = baseImage.createGraphics();g2d.drawImage(overlayImage, x, y, null);g2d.dispose();}// 在图片上添加文本，支持手动换行，文本水平居中private static void addTextToImage(BufferedImage baseImage, String text, Font font, Color color, int maxWidth, int y) {Graphics2D g2d = baseImage.createGraphics();g2d.setFont(font);g2d.setColor(color);FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();int lineHeight = fm.getHeight();int currentY = y;String[] lines = text.split("\n");for (String line : lines) {int lineWidth = fm.stringWidth(line);int lineX = (maxWidth - lineWidth) / 2; // 居中g2d.drawString(line, lineX, currentY);currentY += lineHeight;}g2d.dispose();}
}