安卓Android.nfc读卡

使用安卓手机，通过NFC功能可以读取IC卡信息，。
IC卡有很多种卡标准，协议，等等，这些具体就不细讨论。
主要讨论，2种卡，一种是M1卡，另外是CPU卡。

1、 M1卡

M1卡是市面上比较常见的卡，一般的门禁卡。比较便宜。
M1卡的数据存储比较通用的是分扇区存储数据。默认是16个扇区，每个扇区4个数据块。
每个卡片都有一个ID号码（去买很多的卡的时候，可以要求厂商提供给你的每个卡ID是唯一的。）
0扇区的数据，是厂商写死的数据，包含卡面的ID号。
其他扇区的数据，可以自己去写，可以加密写。（密码为12位）

2、 CPU卡

CPU卡是加密卡，CPU卡还分为双界面卡和单界面卡。比较复杂。此次只说明，CPU卡的数据，通常是通过指令来读取数据。

3、android 的NFC功能

当安卓手机的NFC功能感应到卡片的时候。会读取出该卡片支持的数据传输方式

android.nfc.tech.NfcA

android.nfc.tech.NfcB

android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic

android.nfc.tech.IsoDep

1、普通的M1卡，会支持好几种数据传输方式，一般会有NfcA，MifareClassic等。如果支持MifareClassic，那就优先使用这种数据传输方式，获取数据。
2、 CPU卡的数据传输，会支持NfcA，IsoDep等，优先使用IsoDep
3、现在市面上出现了云解身份证，原理是通过NFC读取身份证的加密信息，通过API调用公安接口返回用户的证件信息。身份证通过NFC读取，只能通过NFCB的模式读取数据。

安卓开启NFC功能，一定先开启权限

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"><applicationandroid:allowBackup="true"android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"android:label="@string/app_name"android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"android:supportsRtl="true"android:theme="@style/Theme.Smkpda"tools:targetApi="31"><activityandroid:name=".MainActivity"android:exported="true"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /><category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /></intent-filter></activity></application><!--NFC权限--><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /><!-- 要求当前设备必须要有NFC芯片 --><uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
</manifest>

4、定义一个单例的NfcUtils 工具类

package com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc;import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;/*** Created by Administrator on 2023/11/10.*/public class NfcUtils {private static final String TAG = "NfcUtils";private static NfcAdapter mNfcAdapter;//NFC功能，只能定义为单例模式，避免出现系统奔溃private NfcUtils(){}private static NfcUtils nfcUtils = null;private static boolean isOpen = false;/*** 获取NFC的单例* @return NfcUtils*/public static NfcUtils getInstance(){if (nfcUtils == null){synchronized (NfcUtils.class){if (nfcUtils == null){nfcUtils = new NfcUtils();}}}return nfcUtils;}/*** 在onStart中检测是否支持nfc功能* @param context 当前页面上下文*/public void onStartNfcAdapter(Context context){mNfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(context);//设备的NfcAdapter对象if(mNfcAdapter==null){//判断设备是否支持NFC功能Toast.makeText(context,"设备不支持NFC功能!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}if (!mNfcAdapter.isEnabled()){//判断设备NFC功能是否打开Toast.makeText(context,"请到系统设置中打开NFC功能!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}Log.d(TAG,"NFC is start");}/*** 在onResume中开启nfc功能* @param activity*/public void onResumeNfcAdapter(final Activity activity){if (mNfcAdapter == null  || !mNfcAdapter.isEnabled()) {throw new RuntimeException("NFC is not  start");}
//            mNfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this,mPendingIntent,null,null);//打开前台发布系统，使页面优于其它nfc处理.当检测到一个Tag标签就会执行mPendingItentif (!isOpen) {mNfcAdapter.enableReaderMode(activity, new NfcAdapter.ReaderCallback() {@Overridepublic void onTagDiscovered(final Tag tag) {//ByteArrayToHexString(tag.getId())即cardIdif (nfcListener != null)(activity).runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {nfcListener.doing(tag);}});}},(NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_A |NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_B |NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_F |NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_V |NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_BARCODE ),null);isOpen = true;Log.d(TAG, "Resume");}}/*** 在onPause中关闭nfc功能* @param activity*/public void onPauseNfcAdapter(Activity activity){if(mNfcAdapter!=null && mNfcAdapter.isEnabled()){if (isOpen){mNfcAdapter.disableReaderMode(activity);}isOpen = false;}Log.d("myNFC","onPause");}private  NfcListener nfcListener;public void setNfcListener(NfcListener listener){nfcListener = listener;}public String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] inarray) {int i, j, in;String[] hex = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A","B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};String out = "";for (j = 0; j < inarray.length; ++j) {in = (int) inarray[j] & 0xff;i = (in >> 4) & 0x0f;out += hex[i];i = in & 0x0f;out += hex[i];}return out;}
}

定义一个处理读卡事件的接口类

NfcListener

package com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc;import android.nfc.Tag;/*** 自定义的NFC接口*/public interface NfcListener{/*** 用于扫到nfc后的后续操作*/void doing(Tag tag);}

实现获取卡片数据交互

package com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc;import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.nfc.tech.IsoDep;
import android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic;
import android.nfc.tech.NfcB;
import android.widget.Toast;import java.io.IOException;public class NfcReadHander {/*** 读M1卡的方法扇区，MifareClassic 类型* @return**/public static String readMifareTag(Tag tag, MifareClassic mfc){//读取TAGtry {String metaInfo = "";//操作之前，一点要先连接卡片通讯mfc.connect();int type = mfc.getType();//获取TAG的类型int sectorCount = mfc.getSectorCount();//获取TAG中包含的扇区数String typeS = "";switch (type) {case MifareClassic.TYPE_CLASSIC:typeS = "TYPE_CLASSIC";break;case MifareClassic.TYPE_PLUS:typeS = "TYPE_PLUS";break;case MifareClassic.TYPE_PRO:typeS = "TYPE_PRO";break;case MifareClassic.TYPE_UNKNOWN:typeS = "TYPE_UNKNOWN";break;}metaInfo += "卡片类型：" + typeS + "\n共" + sectorCount + "个扇区\n共" 	+ mfc.getBlockCount() + "个块\n存储空间: " + mfc.getSize() + "B\n";System.out.println(metaInfo);int blockIndex;for(int i =0;i<16;i++){try{System.out.println(i);metaInfo += "扇区:"+i+",key:";boolean f = false;byte[] keybyte = new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x18,0x3F,0x12, (byte) 0x11};//样例的一个密码，要自己去获取，卡片商获取//每个扇区的数据读取都可能不一样，每个扇区有的有数据，有的是加密数据，有的是空数据//没加密扇区都会配置一个默认密码，开发包里面默认带有3种默认密码，//这里代码只列出来使用A加密的方法，也有B加密方法authenticateSectorWithKeyB，要根据实际卡片加密方法来设置if(mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(i,MifareClassic.KEY_DEFAULT)){metaInfo += "KEY_DEFAULT";f = true;}else if(mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(i,MifareClassic.KEY_NFC_FORUM)){metaInfo += ".KEY_NFC_FORUM";f = true;}else if(mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(i,MifareClassic.KEY_MIFARE_APPLICATION_DIRECTORY)){metaInfo += ".KEY_MIFARE_APPLICATION_DIRECTORY";f = true;}else if(mfc.authenticateSectorWithKeyA(i,keybyte)){//这里的密码 keybyte，要自己和卡片提供商来获取，有可能是一个批次的卡片的密码都一样，也可能每个卡片的密码都不一样，这里的密码需要自己想办法获取。metaInfo += ByteArrayToHexString(keybyte);f = true;}else{}metaInfo += "\n";if(f){//前面通过扇区界面进入了扇区里面，这里就是计算当前扇区的第一个块的块号码int bnum = mfc.sectorToBlock(i);//通过块号码读取块里面的数据metaInfo += ByteArrayToHexString(mfc.readBlock(bnum))+"\n";//每个扇区有4个块，依次读取metaInfo +=ByteArrayToHexString(mfc.readBlock(bnum+1))+"\n";metaInfo +=ByteArrayToHexString(mfc.readBlock(bnum+2))+"\n";metaInfo +=ByteArrayToHexString(mfc.readBlock(bnum+3))+"\n";}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}return metaInfo;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (mfc != null) {try {mfc.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return null;}public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] inarray) {int i, j, in;String[] hex = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A","B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};String out = "";for (j = 0; j < inarray.length; ++j) {in = (int) inarray[j] & 0xff;i = (in >> 4) & 0x0f;out += hex[i];i = in & 0x0f;out += hex[i];}return out;}//找卡片提供商获取的读卡指令private static byte[] sheb = new  byte[]{0x00, (byte) 0x14,0x04,0x00,0x0F,0x13,0x18,0x11,0x1E,0x13,0x18,0x2E,(byte) 0x19,(byte) 0xE1,(byte) 0xB1,(byte) 0xE1,(byte) 0x11,(byte) 0x13,(byte) 0x15,(byte) 0xCF };//找卡片提供商获取的读卡指令private static byte[] JIAOTONG = new  byte[]{0x00, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x15};//通过ISODEP读取数据 public static String readIsoDepTag(Tag tag, IsoDep isodep) {String msg = "";try{//先连接isodep.connect();if(isodep.isConnected()){//判断是否链接成功}msg += "sheb指令读取的数据：\n";msg += transcMsg(isodep,sheb)+"\n";msg += "JIAOTONG指令读取的数据：\n";msg += transcMsg(isodep,JIAOTONG)+"\n";}catch (Exception e){}return msg;}public static String transcMsg(IsoDep isodep,byte[] b) throws  Exception{return ByteArrayToHexString(isodep.transceive(b));}//nfcB类型，身份证就是此种传输方式public static String readNfcBTag(Tag tag, NfcB nfcb) {String msg = "";try{nfcb.connect();msg += ByteArrayToHexString(nfcb.getApplicationData()) +"\n";byte[]  sd = new byte[]{0x05,0x00,0x00};msg += ByteArrayToHexString(nfcb.transceive(sd)) +"\n";msg += ByteArrayToHexString(nfcb.getApplicationData()) +"\n";}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return msg;}
}

调用主类

package com.sss.ssspda;import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.nfc.tech.IsoDep;
import android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic;
import android.nfc.tech.NfcA;
import android.nfc.tech.NfcB;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;import com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc.NfcListener;
import com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc.NfcReadHander;
import com.sss.ssspda.common.nfc.NfcUtils;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity  implements NfcListener {private   TextView typetext;private   TextView datatext;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);EdgeToEdge.enable(this);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main), (v, insets) -> {Insets systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars());v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom);return insets;});typetext = findViewById(R.id.typenfc);datatext = findViewById(R.id.data);nfcUtils.setNfcListener(this);Log.d("myNFC","onPause");}public void Welcome1(View view) {Toast.makeText(this, "按钮点击一下", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}public void Welcome2(View view) {Toast.makeText(this, "撮了一下", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}private NfcUtils nfcUtils = NfcUtils.getInstance();private TextView textView;@Overrideprotected void onStart() {super.onStart();System.out.println("onStart................................");nfcUtils.onStartNfcAdapter(this);       //初始化Nfc对象}@Overrideprotected void onResume() {super.onResume();System.out.println("onResume................................");nfcUtils.onResumeNfcAdapter(this);      //activity激活的时候开始扫描}@Overrideprotected void onPause() {super.onPause();System.out.println("onPause................................");nfcUtils.onPauseNfcAdapter(this);       //activity切换到后台的时候停止扫描}@Overridepublic void doing(Tag tag) {String tl[] = tag.getTechList();for (String s:tl) {System.out.println(s);}for (String s:tl) {System.out.println("type:"+s);if(s.equals("android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic")){typetext.setText("MifareClassic");String data = NfcReadHander.readMifareTag(tag,MifareClassic.get(tag));datatext.setText(data);break;}else  if(s.equals("android.nfc.tech.IsoDep")){typetext.setText("IsoDep");String data = NfcReadHander.readIsoDepTag(tag, IsoDep.get(tag));datatext.setText(data);break;}else  if(s.equals("android.nfc.tech.NfcB")){typetext.setText("NfcB");String data = NfcReadHander.readNfcBTag(tag, NfcB.get(tag));datatext.setText(data);break;}}System.out.println("onPause................................"+NfcReadHander.ByteArrayToHexString(tag.getId()));}

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:id="@+id/main"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="900sp"android:onClick="Welcome1"tools:context=".MainActivity"><LinearLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="1054dp"android:orientation="vertical"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/textView1"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"android:layout_marginTop="15dp"android:layout_marginRight="15dp"android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"android:background="#77CCB3"android:text="读取类型"android:textAlignment="center"android:textSize="35sp" /><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/typenfc"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="77dp"android:text="type"android:textSize="25sp" /><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/textView2"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="59dp"android:background="#6DCFC6"android:text="数据"android:textAlignment="center"android:textSize="35sp" /><ScrollViewandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="613dp"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/data"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:text="TextView"android:textSize="15sp" /></ScrollView></LinearLayout></androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>