About 监控工具 Netdata

Netdata 是一款开源且强大的 Linux 系统轻量级可视化监控工具，可以实时监控性能化指标，监控的指标非常全面。

Netdata 每秒收集指标，并以精美的低延迟仪表盘呈现。它设计用于在所有物理和虚拟服务器、云部署、Kubernetes 集群和边缘/物联网设备上运行，以监控系统、容器和应用。

它能很好地从单台服务器扩展到数千台服务器，甚至在复杂的多/混/混合云环境中也是如此，而且只要有足够的磁盘空间，它就能将你的指标保存数年之久。

关于 Netdata 更多请查看：

• 项目地址：https://github.com/netdata/netdata
• 官网介绍，https://www.netdata.cloud/netdata-vs-world/

Linux 系统安装 Netdata

此处我们使用 openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP3) 安装 Netdata 举例。

关于 openEuler

1、查看内核信息

[root@euler /]#  cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.10.0-188.0.0.101.oe2203sp3.x86_64 (root@dc-64g.compass-ci) (gcc_old (GCC) 10.3.1, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37) #1 SMP Wed Feb 21 13:30:44 CST 2024

2、查看主机信息

[root@euler /]# hostnamectlStatic hostname: eulerIcon name: computer-vmChassis: vmMachine ID: d9abda54a69e40f9905d6644c1f21f56Boot ID: e9ec1ccee27541c8a1f0ec3520710444Virtualization: microsoft
Operating System: openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP3)Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-188.0.0.101.oe2203sp3.x86_64Architecture: x86-64Hardware Vendor: Microsoft CorporationHardware Model: Virtual Machine

3、查看 dnf 包管理器的版本

[root@euler /]# dnf --version
4.14.0Installed: dnf-0:4.14.0-16.oe2203sp3.noarch at 2024年02月29日 星期四 05时12分09秒Built    : http://openeuler.org at 2023年12月27日 星期三 09时38分26秒Installed: rpm-0:4.17.0-33.oe2203sp3.x86_64 at 2024年04月05日 星期五 06时14分17秒

Netdata 安装

安装步骤如下：

1、更新系统环境相关 rpm 包

dnf -y updata

关于 dnf updata & dnf upgrade 命令区别：

• DNF Update Vs Upgrade [Which One Is Better]，https://linuxsimply.com/linux-basics/package-management/upgrade-package/dnf-update-vs-upgrade/
• yum update 和 yum upgrade 的真正区别，https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1604418

2、查看 netdata 包信息

# 显示 DNF 仓库中或者已安装包的相关信息
[root@euler ~]# dnf info netdata
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:38 ago on 2024年04月05日 星期五 14时02分44秒.
Available Packages
Name         : netdata
Version      : 1.39.1
Release      : 1.oe2203sp3
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 2.6 M
Source       : netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.src.rpm
Repository   : EPOL
Summary      : Real-time performance monitoring
URL          : https://github.com/netdata/netdata/
License      : GPLv3 and GPLv3+ and ASL 2.0 and CC-BY-4.0 and MIT and WTFPL
Description  : netdata is the fastest way to visualize metrics. It is a resource: efficient, highly optimized system for collecting and visualizing any: type of realtime time-series data, from CPU usage, disk activity, SQL: queries, API calls, web site visitors, etc.: netdata tries to visualize the truth of now, in its greatest detail,: so that you can get insights of what is happening now and what just: happened, on your systems and applications.

3、安装 netdata 包

[root@euler ~]# dnf install -y netdata
Last metadata expiration check: 0:14:23 ago on 2024年04月05日 星期五 14时02分44秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================================Package                 Architecture Version                                 Repository    Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:netdata                 x86_64       1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3                      EPOL         2.6 M
Installing dependencies:libssh2                 x86_64       1.10.0-5.oe2203sp3                      OS           178 knetdata-conf            noarch       1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3                      EPOL         165 knetdata-data            noarch       1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3                      EPOL         7.6 Mnmap                    x86_64       2:7.92-8.oe2203sp3                      update       5.9 Mnodejs                  x86_64       1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3                  update        92 knodejs-libs             x86_64       1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3                  update        11 Mprotobuf                x86_64       3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3                      OS           976 kprotobuf-c              x86_64       1.4.0-4.oe2203sp3                       OS           124 kprotobuf-compiler       x86_64       3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3                      OS           869 k
Installing weak dependencies:nodejs-docs             noarch       1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3                  update       4.1 Mnodejs-full-i18n        x86_64       1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3                  update       7.5 Mnpm                     x86_64       1:6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3        update       3.9 MTransaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install  13 PackagesTotal download size: 45 M
Installed size: 185 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/13): protobuf-c-1.4.0-4.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                  283 kB/s | 124 kB     00:00    
(2/13): libssh2-1.10.0-5.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                    174 kB/s | 178 kB     00:01    
(3/13): protobuf-compiler-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm          924 kB/s | 869 kB     00:00    
(4/13): netdata-conf-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch.rpm               415 kB/s | 165 kB     00:00    
(5/13): netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                    2.5 MB/s | 2.6 MB     00:01    
(6/13): netdata-data-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch.rpm               4.5 MB/s | 7.6 MB     00:01    
(7/13): nodejs-12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                   405 kB/s |  92 kB     00:00    
(8/13): protobuf-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                   164 kB/s | 976 kB     00:05    
(9/13): nodejs-docs-12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.noarch.rpm              1.2 MB/s | 4.1 MB     00:03    
(10/13): nodejs-libs-12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm             1.2 MB/s |  11 MB     00:08    
(11/13): npm-6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm           1.1 MB/s | 3.9 MB     00:03    
(12/13): nmap-7.92-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm                        146 kB/s | 5.9 MB     00:41    
(13/13): nodejs-full-i18n-12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64.rpm        141 kB/s | 7.5 MB     00:54    
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                            754 kB/s |  45 MB     01:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionRunning scriptlet: npm-1:6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                             1/1 Preparing        :                                                                         1/1 Installing       : protobuf-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                     1/13 Installing       : protobuf-compiler-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                            2/13 Installing       : protobuf-c-1.4.0-4.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                    3/13 Installing       : nodejs-libs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                              4/13 Installing       : nodejs-docs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.noarch                              5/13 Installing       : nodejs-full-i18n-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                         6/13 Installing       : npm-1:6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                            7/13 Installing       : nodejs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                   8/13 Running scriptlet: netdata-data-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch                                 9/13 Installing       : netdata-data-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch                                 9/13 Installing       : netdata-conf-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch                                10/13 Installing       : libssh2-1.10.0-5.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                     11/13 Installing       : nmap-2:7.92-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                        12/13 Installing       : netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                     13/13 Running scriptlet: netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                     13/13 
Netdata config should be edited with /usr/libexec/netdata/edit-config
Netdata go plugin can be easily installed with /usr/sbin/netdata-install-go-plugins.sh scriptVerifying        : libssh2-1.10.0-5.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                      1/13 Verifying        : protobuf-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                     2/13 Verifying        : protobuf-c-1.4.0-4.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                    3/13 Verifying        : protobuf-compiler-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                            4/13 Verifying        : netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                      5/13 Verifying        : netdata-conf-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch                                 6/13 Verifying        : netdata-data-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch                                 7/13 Verifying        : nmap-2:7.92-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                         8/13 Verifying        : nodejs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                                   9/13 Verifying        : nodejs-docs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.noarch                             10/13 Verifying        : nodejs-full-i18n-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                        11/13 Verifying        : nodejs-libs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                             12/13 Verifying        : npm-1:6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3.x86_64                           13/13 Installed:libssh2-1.10.0-5.oe2203sp3.x86_64             netdata-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.x86_64               netdata-conf-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch        netdata-data-1.39.1-1.oe2203sp3.noarch          nmap-2:7.92-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64                nodejs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64            nodejs-docs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.noarch     nodejs-full-i18n-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64  nodejs-libs-1:12.22.11-9.oe2203sp3.x86_64     npm-1:6.14.16-1.12.22.11.9.oe2203sp3.x86_64     protobuf-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64            protobuf-c-1.4.0-4.oe2203sp3.x86_64             protobuf-compiler-3.14.0-8.oe2203sp3.x86_64  Complete!

4、编辑 netdata.conf 配置

默认安装配置文件路径，/etc/netdata/netdata.conf，修改 bind to = 0.0.0.0 #localhost。

vi /etc/netdata/netdata.conf
...
# netdata configuration
#
# You can get the latest version of this file, using:
#
#  netdatacli dumpconfig > /etc/netdata/netdata.conf
#
# You can also download it using:
#
#  wget -O /etc/netdata/netdata.conf http://localhost:19999/netdata.conf
# or
#  curl -o /etc/netdata/netdata.conf http://localhost:19999/netdata.conf
#
# You can uncomment and change any of the options below.
# The value shown in the commented settings, is the default value.
#[global]run as user = netdata# default storage size - increase for longer data retentionpage cache size = 32dbengine multihost disk space = 256# some defaults to run netdata with least priorityprocess scheduling policy = idleOOM score = 1000stock config directory = /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d[web]web files owner = rootweb files group = netdata# by default do not expose the netdata portbind to = 0.0.0.0 #localhost[health]stock health configuration directory = /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health.d

5、启动 netdata 服务

systemctl start netdata

6、查看 netdata 监听端口

netdata 服务启动后，默认端口是 19999。

[root@euler /]# ss -antp |grep 19999
LISTEN    0      4096         0.0.0.0:19999       0.0.0.0:*     users:(("netdata",pid=18360,fd=8))                   

浏览器查看 netdata 可视化监控页面

• 查看 netdata 宿主机 ip 信息

[root@euler /]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:15:5d:00:be:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.23.57.164/20 brd 172.23.63.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0valid_lft 79048sec preferred_lft 79048secinet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe00:be00/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

• 浏览器输入访问地址，此处 ip-v4 是 172.23.57.164

http://172.23.57.164:19999/

显示页面信息如下：

Netdata 和 Other 监控方案对比

1、Netdata vs Prometheus

• https://www.netdata.cloud/blog/netdata-vs-prometheus-performance-analysis/

在相同的工作负载下，Netdata 的 CPU 占用率降低了 35%，内存占用率降低了 49%，带宽占用率降低了 12%，磁盘 I/O 占用率降低了 98%，在高分辨率度量存储上的磁盘空间利用率提高了 75%，而在 Prometheus 提供 7 天 保留时间的相同磁盘占用率下，Netdata 可提供 超过一年 的总体保留时间。请阅读我们博客中的完整分析。

2、Netdata VS The World

• https://www.netdata.cloud/netdata-vs-world/

对比信息如下：